Explain: a. casting b. overloading c. sentinel d. echo Solution Casting- Changing the datatype of 1 variable to another datatype is called casting. Each program has its own rule. eg: int can be converted to double. overloading- Multiple function when used with same name but have different signature is called overloading in programs. sentinel- It is the flag value that is used in loop like for loop or while which is used for the termination of loops or recursive algorithm. eg flag=1 while(flag<5) { ..... } echo- It is the keyword that is used to print the message or variable in the PHP language echo \"Hi\"; It will print Hi on screen..