Markovian systems involve two sequential processes that occur quite .pdf

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Markovian systems involve two sequential processes that occur quite naturally with respect to everyone’s life; what are these two processes? (Hints: Famous Gone with the Wind quote – 1992 flick with Meryl Streep, Goldie Hawn, and Bruce Willis . . .) The first process = The second process = Solution The first process = Discrete-timeMarkov process The second process = Continuous-time Markov process.

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Explain THREE unique characteristics of fungi. Solution Three unique characteristics of fungi are- 1)Fungi are filamentous and not truly multicellular. They are composed of unique thread-like filamentous structures called hyphae. In higher fungi, these hyphae anastomose to form a network called mycelium.The cell wall of fungi is composed of chitin or cellulose. Fungi can build mutual relationships with other organisms in order to get nutritional benefits from such association. For example: The symbiotic relationship between funfi and algae is called lichen. 2) They need preformed food, optimum temperature, pH and moisture to grow properly. In order to avoid dessication, they also require some amount of water to grow. They are resistant to osmotic pressure and hence, can grow in relatively high salt and sugar concentrations. 3)Fungi are heterotrophic and they lack plastids.They collect nutrients from the environment, from dead or living organisms. Fungi are capable of metabolising complex carbohydrates (like lignin)..

Explain THREE unique characteristics of fungi.SolutionThree un.pdf

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Explain the basic relationship between humans and microorganisms Solution Answer= The basic relationship between humans & microorganisms are as follows The surfaces of human body inside & outside ,for example skin ,mouth & intestines are covered in millions of individual microbes The microbes that do not harm in fact they helps to protect us becoming infected with harmful microbes they are known as normal body flora There are 3 types of symbiotic relationships between humans & bacteria 1] Commensalism = Is a relationship that is beneficial to the bacteria ,but does not help or harmthe host most are reside on epithelial surfaces that come in contact with the external environment commonly found on skin ,respiratory tract & gastrointestinal tract They aquire nutrients & place to live & grow from their host some are pathogenic & cause disease may provide benefit to host 2] Mutuliastic relationship-= Both bacteria & host are beneficial for example there are several kinds of bacteria that live on skin & inside the mouth ,nose,throat & intestines of humans These bacteria received a place to live & feed while keeping other harmful microbes from taking up residence bacteria in digestive system assist in nutrient metabolism ,vitamin production & waste processing 3] Parasitic relatioship= is one in which the bacteria benefit while the host is harmed pathogenic parasites ,which cause disease,do so by resisting the hosts defences & growing at the expense of host These bacteria produces poisonous substances called endotoxins & exotoxins are responsible for the symptoms to occure with an illness Disease causing bacteria are responsible for a number of diseases including meningitis ,pneumonia .tuberculosis& several types of food borne diseases.

Explain the basic relationship between humans and microorganisms.pdf

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discuss the rationale for the global harmonization of financial reporting and disclosure requirements Solution The focus and rationale of global harmonization of financial reporting and disclosure requirements is for achieving a level of compatibility for the statements. There is less complication for the companies and individuals to present the financial statements and its interpretations. The differences between financial reporting standards are erased with international harmonization of financial reporting. When there is achievement of international harmonization in finial reporting then it benefits countries and improves the access effectively for the financial market. The confidence and investor\'s K owned he is increased. According to Wiley (2000) even though the rationale behind harmonization is smooth preparation and presentation of financial statements; there may be differences based on the factors like taxation and political aspects. It focuses on creation of similar set of procedures with the help of boundary establishment and how they can differ globally. It also benefits accounting standards on national and international levels. The disclosure requirements include the information related to nature and the extent of risks which arises from financial instruments. The importance of financial instutments for the purpose of finial position and performance of entity. It includes financial assets, held to maturity investments, loans and receivables, sale assets etc..

discuss the rationale for the global harmonization of financial repo.pdf

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Describe the need to multitask in BBC (behavior-based control) systems? Solution Behavior-based control employs a set of distributed, in-teracting modules, called behaviors that collectively achieve the desired system-level behavior. To an ex-ternal observer, behaviors are patterns of the robot’s activity emerging from interactions between the robot and its environment. To a programmer, behaviors are control modules that cluster sets of constraints in order to achieve and maintain a goal. Each behavior receives inputs from sensors and/or other behaviors in the system, and provides outputs to the robot’s actuators or to other behaviors. Thus, a behavior-based controller is a structured network of interacting behaviors, with no centralized world representation or focus of control. In-stead, individual behaviors and networks of behaviors maintain any state information and models. The basic principles of behavior-based control can be summarized briefly as follows: • Behaviors are implemented as control laws (some-times similar to those used in control theory), either in software or hardware, as a processing element or as a procedure. • Each behavior can take inputs from the robot’s sen-sors (e.g., proximity sensors, range detectors, contact sensors, camera) and/or from other modules in the system, and send outputs to the robot’s effectors (e.g., wheels, grippers, arm, speech) and/or to other modules. • Many different behaviors may independently re- ceive input from the same sensors and output action commands to the same actuators. • Behaviors are encoded to be relatively simple, and are added to the system incrementally. • Behaviors (or subsets thereof) are executed con- currently, not sequentially, in order to exploit parallelism and speed of computation, as well as the interaction dynamics among behaviors and between behaviors and the environment. The ability to improve performance over time and to reason about the world, in the context of a chang-ing and dynamic environment, is an important area of research in situated robotics. Unlike in classical ma-chine learning, where the goal is typically to optimize performance over a long period of time, in situated learning the aim is to adapt relatively quickly, toward attaining efficiency in the light of uncertainty. Models from biology are often considered, given its proper- ties of learning directly from environmental feedback. Variations and adaptations of machine learning, and in particular reinforcement learning, have been effectively applied to behavior-based robots, which have demon- strated learning to walk [38. , navigate and create topological maps, di-vide tasks, behave socially , and even identify opponents and score goals in robot soc- cer. Methods from artificial life, evolutionary computation/genetic algorithms, fuzzy logic, vision and learning, multi-agent systems, and many other research areas continue to be actively explored and applied to behavior-based robots as their role in ani.

Describe the need to multitask in BBC (behavior-based control) syste.pdf

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A spinner with 7 equally sized slices is shown below. The dial is spu.pdf

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ble below to calculate the Gross Domestic Product uning the ral Gross Domestic Product? Fully explain your anower. (4 mak) or rea overnment expenditures on goods and service Wages, salaries and supplementary labour income 2,000 reciation nvestment 400 sumption expenditure et exports direct taxes 150 Solution Gross domestic product be expenditure method= consumption expenditure+ government expenditure+ investment+ net export =2200+500+400+(-50) =3050 This is the nominal GDP as well as real GDP because base year price and current year price is not given. Hence real GDP and nominal GDP will be same..

ble below to calculate the Gross Domestic Product uning the ral Gro.pdf

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1.The limbic system: A. matures before the prefrontal cortex B. is another name for the prefrontal cortex C. is responsible for emotional regulation and impulse control D. matures before the amygdala Solution The limbic system is responsible for emotional regulationand impules control. Limbic system is that portion of the brain which deals with the emotions, arousal, learning aw well as formation of memories. It has a complicated structure that lies on the both side of the thalamus just beneath the cerebrum. It includes amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia and cingulate gyrus. Amygdala also known as the emotional centre of the brain. Hippocampus helps in the formation of new memories from our past experinces. While thalamus and hypothalamus are governs the changes occuring to the emotional activities. Basal ganglia involved in motor control and habbit learning. And cingulate gyrus manage smell and sight and regulate our behaviour..

1.The limbic systemA. matures before the prefrontal cortexB. is.pdf

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Why is leadership a critical factor in implementing change and quality improvement initiatives? Why is leadership a critical factor in implementing change and quality improvement initiatives? Solution Leadership is required for inspiring and motivating followers to work towards common objectives. The leader employs enthusiasm and charisma to motivate the employees to think out of the box.Leader lays emphasis on the values, morals, ideas and needs of the organization and the followers. Leadership is critical for transformation and change in the firm in a turbulent and challenging environment. By concentrating on innovation and creation rather than just daily planning and execution, the leader ensures that the changes are implemented with minimum resistance. Below is how the leaders can implement change and quality improvement initiatives while overcoming resistance- 1. Communicating the objective of the change and how it would positively affect the productivity of the employees and the organization 2. Developing training and mentoring programs to train the employees to adopt to the new process or system 3. Removing fears from the minds of employees through openhouse discussions etc. 4. Explaining the employees how the change would help in the development of the individuals..

Why is leadership a critical factor in implementing change and qua.pdf

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Why are there bubbles in beer and champagne? Solution Bubbles of gas, typically carbon dioxide are produced from beer and champagne , rising to the surface. Because . yeasts ferment sugars and form carbon dioxide gas during fermentation. In the bottle, where the pressure is high, the carbon dioxide disappears. However, when you open the bottle and lower the pressure, the carbon dioxide escapes in the form of bubbles. In Champagne and other sparkling wines, the bubbles pop, while in beer, the bubbles remain and form the beer\'shead..

Why are there bubbles in beer and champagneSolution Bubbles of .pdf

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Which of the following is true of a traditional master budget? a. It uses the zero-base budgeting approach. b. It is department oriented. c. It recognizes interdependencies. d. It is dynamic in nature. Solution Correct Answer is b. it is department Oriented One of the critisism of Traditional Master Budget is that it is Department oriented and does not recognise independencies among departments, further it is static not dynamic in nature..

Which of the following is true of a traditional master budget a. It.pdf

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Which ethnic groups were a part of the former Yugoslavia? Croats, Serbs, Bosnian Muslims, Macedonians Janjaweed Israelis, Palestinians, Arabs Hutu & Tutsis Croats, Serbs, Bosnian Muslims, Macedonians Janjaweed Israelis, Palestinians, Arabs Hutu & Tutsis Solution The ethnic group can be defined as a social category based on common culture or nationality. In other words, it can be said that an ethnic group is a category of people who recognize with each other based on similarities for example as a common ancestry, language, society, culture or nation. First Yugoslavia contains people of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918–29). Hence it can be said that the ethnic groups which were a part of the former Yugoslavia were Croats, Serbs, Bosnian Muslims, Macedonians. Hence option first is the correct answer. Option first; Croats, Serbs, Bosnian Muslims, Macedonians.

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What would the components of the development be in an early learning(1st – 3rd) website environment be? Solution For a website,major components include Front end,images,contents navigation,page structure. For early learning website.As it for the children,content along with effective graphic design is most preferable. Graphic design: Many of the elements described, such as the logo, the navigation menus, the layout, images, etc., fall under the general category of graphic design. But graphic design is more than these. It is the look and feel the website will have as a result of proper use and integration of all these elements. Content management is considered. The website is not recommended to be a static as it should be more creative and changes is necessary. Content management system: This is the ability to update your website without having to directly edit the html. Simple systems create areas on a web page that can be easily changed on a regular basis. Include multiedia and databases. Multi-media. It is for than just text and images. Photo-tours, video-clips, sound-clips all can add to the experience if they are well matched to the type of site and profile of the target audience..

What would the components of the development be in an early learning.pdf

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What is true of all fungi? They are a. eukaryotic, heterotrophic plants. b. eukaryotic, parasitic plants. c. saprobic/decomposing plants. d. eukaryotic heterotrophs with cell walls. e. saprobic heterotrophs. Solution Answer: a. eukaryotic, heterotrophic plants. Fungi are non-chlorophyllous(absence of chloroplasts) plants. They are eukaryotes due to the presence of true nucleus. Fungi live as heterotrophic, parasitic, saprophytic, etc..

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What is the possible reason that secondaries arise from parents that have unpaired chromosomes but not from parents that are normal diploids? Map Genetics: A Conceptual Approach 6th Edition Pierce MHE/Freeman presented by Sapling Learning Progeny of triploid tomato plants often contain parts of an extra chromosome, in addition to the normal complement of 24 chromosomes. Mutants with a part of an extra chromosome are referred to as secondaries. James and Margaret Lesley observed that secondaries arise from triploid (3n), trisomic (3n 1), and double trisomic (3n 1 1) parents, but never from diploids (2n). (J. W. Lesley and M. M. Lesley. 1929. Genetics 14:321-336) What is a possible reason that secondaries arise from parents that have unpaired chromosomes but not from parents that are normal diploids? Triploid and trisomic conditions in tomato plants are unnatural, and this genomic imbalance leads to higher levels of mitotic recombination. The trivalent chromosomes would still be able to associate through chiasma prior to segregation during meiosis. Due to some unknown mechanism, triploid and trisom c tomato plants O occasionally over-replicate part of a chromosome, which leads to the generation of mutant tomato plants. Triploid and trisomic plants are vulnerable to infection by the tomato mosaic O virus, so they acquire extra chromosomal material by the integration of viral DNA, whereas diploid plants are not infected by the virus. Solution Ans: B 2n+1 condition is called trisomic in which an organism contains two complete genome + 1 extra chromosome. During the process of meiosis 1 chromosomal page separate so that 1 members of each state is distributed to one daughter nucleus and other members goes to other daughter nucleus but rarely one pair of chromosomes fail to separate and moves to the pole giving half of the daughter cells extra chromosome and remaining half lost one chromosome. As a result n - 1 and n+ 1 chromosomes appear. When the gamut with n+ 1 chromosome fuses with normal gamut the resulting zygote will have 2n + 1 chromosomes producing trisomics organism. It was found that trisomies or white study nature and studied in plants like tomatoes tobacco wheat datura and so on..

What is the possible reason that secondaries arise from parents that.pdf

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What is a trigonometric identity? How and why do we use trigonometric identities in mathematics? How can you verify an identity? Give some examples. Solution Trigonometric identities are equalities that involve trigonometric functions and are true for every single value of the occurring variables where both sides of the equality are defined Sometimes it is possible to write some complex trignmetric functions in really simple form fr example instead f writing Sinx/Cosx we can write that as Tanx so as we can see here it is easy to identify Tanx rather than first finding Sinx and then finding Cosx and then divide them to get our answer Here is an example below: we need to prove that left side is equal to right side cot x/csc x=cos x So let us simplify left side, (cos x/sin x)/(1/sin x) applying keep change flip (cos x/sin x)*sin x now we can cancel out sin x so we are left with cos x which is equal to right side of the equation hence proved..

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This is for $7.70 per share... not $7.20 Thank you.. The Holtz Corporation acquired 80 percent of the 100,000 outstanding voting shares of Devine, Inc., for $7.70 per share on January 1, 2014. The remaining 20 percent of Devine\'s shares also traded actively at $7.70 per share before and after Holtz\'s acquisition. An appraisal made on that date determined that all book values appropriately reflected the fair values of Devine\'s underlying accounts except that a building with a 5-year life was undervalued by remaining life had a $75,000 fair value. At the acquisition date, Devine reported common stock of $100,000 and a retained earnings balance of $290,000 $81,000 and a fully amortized trademark with an estimated 10-year Following are the separate financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2015 HoltzDevine Corporation Inc. $ (760,000) $(365,250) Sales Cost of goods sold Operating expenses Dividend income 234,000 133,000 319,000 107,250 (16,000) Net income $ (223,000) $(125,000) Retained eamings, 1/1/15 Net income (above) Dividends declared $ (709,000) $(360,000) (223,000) (125,000) 90,00020,000 Retained earnings, 12/31/15 S (842,000) $(465,000) Current assets Investment in Devine, Inc Buildings and equipment (net) Trademarks s 166,000 $ 199,000 616,000 905,000389,000 160,000226,000 Total assets $1,847,000 $ 814,000 s (685,000 $249.000) Liabilities Common stock Retained eamings, 12/31/15 (above) (320,000) (100,000) (842,000) (465,000) Total liabilities and equities $(1,847,000) $(814,000) At year-end, there were no intra-entity receivables or payables Solution SOLUTION: a) Consolidation Worksheet: HOLTZ CORPORATION AND DEVINE INC Consolidated Worksheet for the Year Ending December 31, 2015 Consolidated Entries Holtz Corporation Devine Inc. Debit Credit NCI Consolidated Sales -760000 -365250 -1125250 Cost of Goods Sold 234000 133000 367000 Operating Expense 319000 107250 23700 449950 Dividend Income -16000 16000 0 Net Income -223000 -125000 Consolidated Net Income -308300 NCI in Consolidated Net Income -20260 20260 Holtz\'s Interest in Consolidated Income -288040 Retained Earnings on 1/1 -709000 -360000 360000 37040 -746040 Net Income (Consolidated Above) -223000 -125000 -288040 Dividend Declared 90000 20000 16000 4000 70000 Retained earnings on 12/31 -842000 -465000 -964080 Current Assets 166000 199000 365000 Investment in Devine 616000 37040 653040 0 Building and Equipment 905000 389000 64800 16200 1342600 Trademarks 160000 226000 67500 7500 446000 Goodwill 0 0 224000 224000 Total Assets 1847000 814000 2377600 Liabilities -685000 -249000 -934000 Common Stock -320000 -100000 100000 -320000 Retained earnings (Consolidated Above) -842000 -465000 -964080 NCI in Devine on 1/1 78000 71260 -149260 NCI in Devine on 12/31 -165520 -165520 Total Liabilities and Equities -1847000 -814000 -2383600 Working Notes: 1. Calculation of Goodwill or Gain on Bargain purchase Total Holtz NCI Fair Value of Consideration 770000 616000 154000 Less: Book Val.

This is for $7.70 per share... not $7.20Thank you.. The Holtz .pdf

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This project is the first projects you will be working on this quarter. There are a number of objectives to this assignment. First, to start gaining experience in developing programs in C++. Second, in case you haven’t already you are going to work in pairs to get the sense of collaborative development of software. Third, because you are allowed to use any references you find online, this assignment will help you get a sense for just how many sources for programming in C++ are available via the web. Project specification: In this project you are going to implement a word search engine using C++. The search engine would help users to count number of occurrence of a word among given set of text files. Input specification: The program takes as an input a set of files, containing of multiple words. Words can appear multiple times in a single file or in different files. The input files should be stored in a dedicated directory (e.g. /cs/class/cs24/project1/input) and loaded in memory upon program execution. Program functionality: Upon execution, the program should load all the words from the input files in the memory. The program should run until the user explicitly specifies “exit”. The following functionality should be supported: 1. Count how many times a user specified word appears in the files. 3. Display the name of input files and corresponding number of occurrences of the specified word. Upon execution of you program, you should specify as input parameter the path to a directory containing the input files. Below you can find the format specification: $./wordsearch Examples for execution format: $./wordsearch /cs/class/cs24/project1/input Enter word: cat If executed as specified above, the program should return the name of files that contain word “cat” and the number of occurrences of the word in each file Implementation requirements: First, you need to implement a class for an abstract data type, in which you are going to store files in memory. This step is very specific, depending on the functionality of the program you are developing. For the current implementation you are required to use linked lists. A basic layout of the data structure you would need to implement is illustrated on the figure below: You need to declare a class Word that would store a word and a pointer to the beginning of a linked list and another class File that would store a file-name and number of times that the word occurred in this file. The process of “loading files in the memory” consists of (i) creating an object of type Word for each new word that occurs in the set of input files, (ii) appending this object to a linked list (e.g. the green linked list from the picture), (iii) creating an object File for each occurrence of the word in a file and (iv) updating the corresponding (blue) linked list with the object File. Once you have the files loaded in such structure, the searching would be as easy as finding the queried word in the “green” linked list and tracing.

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The total energy for the hydrogen molecule is -1.1789737 Hartrees. w.pdf

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The Queue is a special memory structure with accesses limited to PUSH and POP operations which result in a firstinfirstout (FIFO) access. The Stack is a related memory structure which also has two operations PUSH and POP, but unlike the Queue, the POP operation results in the data value entered using the most recent PUSH operation. This results in a lastinfirstout (LIFO) access. Implementing a queue treats the memory as a circle. How would you modify this design to implement a Stack? How are the Stack Empty and Stack conditions checked? Solution we can Implement stack with using 2 Queues. In this the first method we ensure that the new entry of element is always at top of queue1 , so that the pop operation just dequeue from queue 1. We here are using the other queue \"queue2\" to make sure that the new element is always at the top of queue1. Below is the operation of the implemented stack: PUSH : step 1 : Enqueue element to Queue2. step 2 : Now gradually dequeueing each element from Queue1 and enqueue to Queue2. step 3 : Interchanging the name of the Queues with each other. So that we can dont allow one more movement of all elements from Queue2 Queue1. POP : step 1 : Dequeue a element from Queue1 and return it. STACK_EMPTY : step 1 : we can check that by cheking the state of Queue1 , if it is empty than the stack is empty..

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The liver has a portal vein as well as a hepatic vein. It also has unique exchange blood vessels similar to capillaries, called “sinusoids.” How do these unique structures determine the function of the organ? Solution Hepatic veins: Hepatic veins are arisen in the liver lobule\'s central vein. Valves are absent in Hepatic veins. These vessels can transports deoxygenated blood of liver and blood which has been filtered by the liver (this is blood from the pancreas, colon, small intestine, and stomach) to the inferior vena cava. Hepatic portal vein: The hepatic portal vein is one of the most important vein that originates from a networks in the stomach, pancreas, intestines and spleen. this vessel can carry blood from these organs through the hepatic portal vein to the liver. In the liver this blood enters into a capillary-like hepatic sinusoids called as hepatic portal system. Later this blood passes through the portal veins of the liver, blood is carried through a series of merging vessels into the hepatic veins. These empty into the inferior vena cava. Sinusoids: These are capillary like vessels. In the digestive system, they\'re found near the liver and blood is conveyed via the sinusoids to the inferior vena cava by the hepatic veins. Sinusoid pathways, or sinusoidal pathways: This pathway describes the hepatic portal system. From the organs (stomach, intestines, pancreas, and spleen) and blood moves through the hepatic portal vein to the capillary like hepatic sinusoids, which together are called the hepatic portal system. From the sinusoid pathways, blood is transported by the hepatic veins back to the inferior vena cava..

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