The liver has a portal vein as well as a hepatic vein. It also has u.pdf
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The liver has a portal vein as well as a hepatic vein. It also has unique exchange blood vessels similar to capillaries, called “sinusoids.” How do these unique structures determine the function of the organ? Solution Hepatic veins: Hepatic veins are arisen in the liver lobule\'s central vein. Valves are absent in Hepatic veins. These vessels can transports deoxygenated blood of liver and blood which has been filtered by the liver (this is blood from the pancreas, colon, small intestine, and stomach) to the inferior vena cava. Hepatic portal vein: The hepatic portal vein is one of the most important vein that originates from a networks in the stomach, pancreas, intestines and spleen. this vessel can carry blood from these organs through the hepatic portal vein to the liver. In the liver this blood enters into a capillary-like hepatic sinusoids called as hepatic portal system. Later this blood passes through the portal veins of the liver, blood is carried through a series of merging vessels into the hepatic veins. These empty into the inferior vena cava. Sinusoids: These are capillary like vessels. In the digestive system, they\'re found near the liver and blood is conveyed via the sinusoids to the inferior vena cava by the hepatic veins. Sinusoid pathways, or sinusoidal pathways: This pathway describes the hepatic portal system. From the organs (stomach, intestines, pancreas, and spleen) and blood moves through the hepatic portal vein to the capillary like hepatic sinusoids, which together are called the hepatic portal system. From the sinusoid pathways, blood is transported by the hepatic veins back to the inferior vena cava..
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portal vein.pptx
Portal Vein and portocaval Anastomosis. Anatomy of portal vein, tributaries, branches and course, formations and relations. Anatomy of portal vein and adjacent structures, their relation to liver and intestine, relation to IVC and Aorta, clinical and applied anatomy for both undergraduates and postgraduates. portal hypertension is an increase in blood pressure, however, rather than being systematic, it's localized to the portal system. Portal hypertension is most commonly caused by liver cirrhosis which in itself can be caused by alcoholism or other liver disease. It can also be caused by blood clots in the portal vein and schistosomiasis amongst other things. This increase in blood pressure can affect areas of anastomosis between the portal vasculature which we just discussed and the caval musculature which are classified as the vessels not relating to the portal system resulting in pressure pushing larger blood volumes into these anastomotic areas. This in turn can cause the vessels to dilate and form varicose veins which can result in potentially fatal hemorrhage. Some of these important porto-caval anastomotic areas are listed below – the first vein being the portal vein and the second vein being the caval vein – the superior rectal and inferior rectal veins, the left gastric and esophageal veins, the colonic veins and the retroperitoneal veins and the para-umbilical and epigastric veins.
In severe cases, the last anastomosis mentioned between the para-umbilical veins which are the small veins that run within the round ligament of the liver and the epigastric veins which are found in the anterior abdominal wall can form large dilations. These dilations can form the clinical presentation caput medusa or the head of the medusa as the dilated veins look like the snakes of the head of the medusa or Gorgon from Greek mythology. In this image on the right, we can only see the beginnings of a presentation of the caput medusa as in a true caput medusa, the veins would be raised and enlarged.
Hello everyone! This is Nicole from Kenhub, and today we're going to talk about the hepatic portal vein.
We are going to discuss the hepatic portal vein and to do so we'll be using this image here which is a ventral view of the portal hepatic vein with the central portion of the liver cut out so we can see the portal vein and other portal vessels. You can also see the aorta just here as well as the inferior vena cava just posterior to the portal hepatic vein. The portal venous system is an important system that has its own unique flow and we'll talk about how this works in tandem with the venous system in the coming slides.
The portal vein is one of the most important vessels in the body.
Its main functions are to direct blood to the liver from the gastrointestinal tract and receive nutrient rich blood from the intestines.
The portal hepatic vein also receives blood from the spleen, the pancreas and the gallbladder which are channels within the vessel.
Final biology project work
The document describes a biology project on the urinary system created by Marcos Okecki and Olivia Obligado. It includes:
1) A list and brief descriptions of the major organs in the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
2) Details on the structure and functions of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It also discusses common issues that can arise with each organ.
3) A description of their model of the urinary system created from discarded materials like cardboard, paint, straws, and cans to represent the kidneys, veins, arteries, and other organs.
C
The venous system in frogs includes veins that bring blood from various parts of the body to the heart. There are two pre caval veins and a post caval vein that unite and open into the sinus venosus. The post caval vein collects blood from the hind limbs, kidneys, gonads, and alimentary canal and empties into the sinus venosus. Two portal vein systems exist - the renal portal system transports blood from the hind limbs to the kidneys, and the hepatic portal system transports blood from the alimentary canal to the liver. Blood composition in frogs is similar to other vertebrates, containing plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Major Arteries VS.pptx
The venous system of the frog consists of three parts: the pulmonary venous system, the systemic venous system, and the portal venous system. The pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. The caval veins return deoxygenated blood from the rest of the body to the heart. The portal system collects blood from the hind limbs and alimentary canal and carries it to the liver before the blood reaches the heart. It consists of the anterior abdominal vein, pelvic veins, and vesicular vein which carry blood to the liver.
Urinary system-presentationyorkville-college-1203376567476185-2
The document summarizes the structure and function of the urinary system. It describes the location and structure of the kidneys, including the renal cortex, medulla, and pyramids. It explains how nephrons act as the functional units of the kidneys to filter blood and form urine through the processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. Urine is transported from the kidneys to the bladder through the ureters for temporary storage.
Vascular system Brief Introdcution
The document describes the structure and function of the vascular system, including arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood flow through the circulatory pathways. It notes that arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to tissues, while veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Capillaries allow for the exchange of nutrients, waste, and gases between blood and tissues. The circulatory pathways include systemic circulation from the heart to tissues and back, as well as pulmonary circulation between the heart and lungs.
14. pulmonary and systemic circulation
1) The pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood to the heart.
2) The systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart.
3) The pulmonary circuit begins in the right ventricle and ends in the left atrium, while the systemic circuit starts in the left ventricle and ends in the right atrium.
Circulatory System
The circulatory system consists of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. Arteries carry blood away from the heart to tissues, having branches called arterioles. Veins carry blood back to the heart, having tributaries called venules. Capillaries allow for exchange of nutrients and waste between blood and tissues. There are three main types of circulation - systemic, pulmonary, and portal. The circulatory system includes various anastomoses like arterial and venous anastomoses to allow for blood flow if one vessel is blocked. Capillaries are the main sites of exchange, though some organs have sinusoids instead. This document provides details on the components, circulation patterns, and characteristics of arteries
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portal vein.pptx
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In severe cases, the last anastomosis mentioned between the para-umbilical veins which are the small veins that run within the round ligament of the liver and the epigastric veins which are found in the anterior abdominal wall can form large dilations. These dilations can form the clinical presentation caput medusa or the head of the medusa as the dilated veins look like the snakes of the head of the medusa or Gorgon from Greek mythology. In this image on the right, we can only see the beginnings of a presentation of the caput medusa as in a true caput medusa, the veins would be raised and enlarged.
Hello everyone! This is Nicole from Kenhub, and today we're going to talk about the hepatic portal vein.
We are going to discuss the hepatic portal vein and to do so we'll be using this image here which is a ventral view of the portal hepatic vein with the central portion of the liver cut out so we can see the portal vein and other portal vessels. You can also see the aorta just here as well as the inferior vena cava just posterior to the portal hepatic vein. The portal venous system is an important system that has its own unique flow and we'll talk about how this works in tandem with the venous system in the coming slides.
The portal vein is one of the most important vessels in the body.
Its main functions are to direct blood to the liver from the gastrointestinal tract and receive nutrient rich blood from the intestines.
The portal hepatic vein also receives blood from the spleen, the pancreas and the gallbladder which are channels within the vessel.
Final biology project work
The document describes a biology project on the urinary system created by Marcos Okecki and Olivia Obligado. It includes:
1) A list and brief descriptions of the major organs in the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
2) Details on the structure and functions of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It also discusses common issues that can arise with each organ.
3) A description of their model of the urinary system created from discarded materials like cardboard, paint, straws, and cans to represent the kidneys, veins, arteries, and other organs.
C
The venous system in frogs includes veins that bring blood from various parts of the body to the heart. There are two pre caval veins and a post caval vein that unite and open into the sinus venosus. The post caval vein collects blood from the hind limbs, kidneys, gonads, and alimentary canal and empties into the sinus venosus. Two portal vein systems exist - the renal portal system transports blood from the hind limbs to the kidneys, and the hepatic portal system transports blood from the alimentary canal to the liver. Blood composition in frogs is similar to other vertebrates, containing plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
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14. pulmonary and systemic circulation
1) The pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood to the heart.
2) The systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart.
3) The pulmonary circuit begins in the right ventricle and ends in the left atrium, while the systemic circuit starts in the left ventricle and ends in the right atrium.
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Pulmonary & systemic circulation
Pulmonary circulation transports deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs where it becomes oxygenated, and then back to the left side of the heart. Systemic circulation then transports the oxygenated blood from the left ventricle through the arteries and returns it to the right atrium via the veins, except for some blood in the hepatic portal vein which passes through the liver first before returning to the heart. Humans have a double circulatory system with one circuit for pulmonary circulation and one for systemic circulation which together circulate blood throughout the body.
Urinary system
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood and produce urine, which travels through the ureters into the bladder. When the bladder fills, urine is excreted through the urethra. The kidneys regulate water and ion levels in the blood and remove wastes via specialized nephrons that filter the blood, reabsorb necessary components, and produce urine for excretion.
Urinary system
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine. Urine travels from the kidneys through the ureters and collects in the bladder. When full, the bladder empties through the urethra, which carries urine out of the body. The kidneys contain nephrons that filter blood and reabsorb necessary molecules, producing concentrated urine for excretion.
Anatomy of urinary system
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood to remove waste and produce urine. Approximately 1 million nephrons in each kidney filter blood and form urine. The ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra form the urinary tract to store and release urine produced by the kidneys.
Urinary system
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The document summarizes the major veins that return blood from different parts of the body to the heart. It describes how:
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2. Veins in specific regions drain into these major veins - for example, veins in the brain drain into dural sinuses, which ultimately connect to the internal jugular vein.
3. Veins in the arms and legs have deep veins that follow the arterial path and superficial veins that drain more superficial structures and connect to the deep veins.
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The document provides details about the structure and function of the urinary system. It describes the location and structure of the kidneys and discusses nephrons, filtration, reabsorption, and secretion in urine formation. It also outlines the pathways of blood supply and drainage in the kidneys. Further, it details the ureters, bladder, and urethra and their roles in transporting and storing urine. Homeostatic imbalances like kidney stones are also mentioned.
Circulatory system2
The circulatory system carries blood and substances throughout the body using the heart and blood vessels. The heart pumps blood through arteries and veins, then into capillaries where nutrients and waste are exchanged with body cells before returning to the heart again. The circulatory system has two circuits - the pulmonary circuit pumps blood to the lungs to receive oxygen and remove carbon dioxide, while the systemic circuit pumps oxygenated blood to all body tissues.
Circulatory system2
The circulatory system carries blood and substances throughout the body using the heart and blood vessels. The heart pumps blood through arteries and veins, then into capillaries where nutrients and waste are exchanged. The circulatory system is a double circulatory system, with oxygenated blood flowing through the lungs and deoxygenated blood returning to the heart to be re-oxygenated before circulating again.
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This document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system. It describes the key components - kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It discusses the internal anatomy of the kidneys including the cortex, medulla, nephrons, and blood supply. It also summarizes kidney functions like filtration, reabsorption, and regulation of water, electrolytes and acid-base balance. Physiological concepts like glomerular filtration rate and the mechanisms of filtration and tubular transport are explained as well.
Uri A
The document provides detailed information about the structure and function of the urinary system. It describes the location and structure of the kidneys and discusses nephrons, filtration, reabsorption, and secretion in urine formation. It also outlines the pathways of urine from the kidneys through the ureters to the bladder and urethra, and describes how urine is stored and expelled from the body.
Blood Vessels
The circulatory system circulates blood and lymph throughout the body using the heart, blood vessels, and lymph vessels. The circulatory system transports gases, nutrients, hormones, wastes and other substances. There are three major types of blood vessels - arteries carry blood away from the heart, capillaries enable exchange between blood and tissues, and veins carry blood from capillaries back toward the heart. Blood flows from the arteries into smaller arterioles and capillaries, then into venules and veins which drain into the heart. Blood pressure is the pressure exerted by blood against vessel walls and is measured using a sphygmomanometer.
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Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. This blood is normally oxygenated, exceptions made for the pulmonary and umbilical arteries
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The presentation that will unable to create a clear cut concept regarding the Vessels the vascular system of the human body. It will let you know about the arteries, veins, capillaries how the exchange of nutrients and other substance takes place..and many more things related to the vessels of the body.
Kidneys and adrenal glands,it's function
The kidneys and adrenal glands are located in the retroperitoneal space near the spine. The kidneys filter blood to remove waste and regulate electrolytes and fluid balance. Each kidney receives blood supply from the renal arteries and drains into the renal veins. The adrenal glands sit above the kidneys and consist of an outer cortex and inner medulla. The cortex secretes corticosteroids and androgens while the medulla secretes catecholamines. Kidney stones may cause pain and block urine flow.
Urinary System Presentationyorkville College 1203376567476185 2
1. The kidneys filter blood and produce urine by filtering, reabsorbing, and secreting various substances. They are located in the upper back behind the abdominal cavity.
2. Urine is transported from the kidneys to the bladder via ureters. It is stored in the bladder until urination.
3. During urination, sphincter muscles relax allowing urine to pass through the urethra and exit the body. The urethra has gender differences in structure and function.
Excretory system presentation
The urinary system filters waste from the blood in the kidneys, which contain nephrons that act as tiny filters. The kidneys remove waste through the ureters into the urinary bladder, where urine is stored until expelled through the urethra. Each kidney contains approximately one million nephrons that filter wastes like urea and salt from the blood into collecting tubes and eventually the bladder.
Excretory system presentation
The urinary system filters waste from the blood in the kidneys, which contain nephrons that act as tiny filters. The kidneys remove waste through the ureters into the urinary bladder, where urine is stored until expelled through the urethra. Each kidney contains approximately one million nephrons that filter wastes like urea and salt from the blood into collecting tubes and ureters to be stored in the bladder before excretion.
in C++ , Design a linked list class named IntegerList to hold a seri.pdf
in C++ , Design a linked list class named IntegerList to hold a series of integers. The class must
have public member functions for appending , inserting, deleting and displaying nodes. The
append function must append a node to the end of the list. The insert function must insert node in
ascending order. The delete function must delete the node with the given value. The display
function should display the list from head to tail. The IntegerList class should also have a
destructor that destroys the list and release memory. The list node must be declared as a structure
using keyword struct. This structure is a private member of IntegerList. You should also store the
head of the list as a private member.
Write a test program to test the implementation your IntegerList class works properly.
Solution
Here is the code for the above scenario:
#include
using namespace std;
struct ListNode
{
float value;
ListNode *next;
};
ListNode *head;
class LinkedList
{
public:
int insertNode(float num);
int appendNode(float num);
void deleteNode(float num);
void destroyList();
void displayList();
LinkedList(void) {head = NULL;}
~LinkedList(void) {destroyList();}
};
int LinkedList::appendNode(float num)
{
ListNode *newNode, *nodePtr = head;
newNode = new ListNode;
if(newNode == NULL)
{
cout << \"Error allocating memory for new list member!\ \";
return 1;
}
newNode->value = num;
newNode->next = NULL;
if(head == NULL)
{
cout << \"List was empty - \" << newNode->value;
cout << \" is part of list\'s first node.\ \";
head = newNode;
}
else
{
while(nodePtr->next != NULL)
nodePtr = nodePtr->next;
nodePtr->next = newNode;
}
return 0;
}
int LinkedList::insertNode(float num)
{
struct ListNode *newNode, *nodePtr = head, *prevNodePtr = NULL;
newNode = new ListNode;
if(newNode == NULL)
{
cout << \"Error allocating memory for new list member!\ \";
return 1;
}
newNode->value = num;
newNode->next = NULL;
if(head==NULL) {
cout << \"List was empty - \" << newNode->value;
cout << \" is part of list\'s first node.\ \";
head = newNode;
}
else
{
while((nodePtr != NULL) && (nodePtr->value < num)) {
prevNodePtr = nodePtr;
nodePtr = nodePtr->next;
}
if(prevNodePtr==NULL)
newNode->next = head;
else
newNode->next = nodePtr; prevNodePtr->next = newNode;
}
return 0;
}
void LinkedList::deleteNode(float num)
{
struct ListNode *nodePtr = head, *prevNodePtr = NULL;
if(head==NULL) {
cout << \"The list was empty!\ \";
return;
}
if(head->value == num) {
head = nodePtr->next;
delete [] nodePtr;
}
else
{
while((nodePtr!= NULL)&&(nodePtr->value != num)) {
prevNodePtr = nodePtr;
nodePtr = nodePtr->next;
}
if(nodePtr==NULL)
cout << \"The value \" << num << \" is not in this list!\ \";
else {
prevNodePtr->next = nodePtr->next;
delete [] nodePtr;
}
}
}
void LinkedList::destroyList()
{
struct ListNode *nodePtr = head, *nextNode = nodePtr;
if(head==NULL) {
cout << \"The list is empty!\ \";
return;
}
while (nodePtr != NULL) {
nextNode = nodePtr->next;
delete [] nodePtr;
nodePtr = nextNode;
}
}
void LinkedList.
In addition to the fossil record, what other kinds of evidence reinfo.pdf
In addition to the fossil record, what other kinds of evidence reinforce the evolutionary of life?
You may want to use your textbook as a reference.
Solution
In addition to fossil record, application of Molecular Systematics is very much helpful for easy
identification of fossilized organism. Molecular systematics involves comparisons of nucleic
acids or other molecules to presume the degree of relatedness which can disclose phylogenetic
relationships which usually cannot be determined by non-molecular methods like comparative
anatomy. For example, molecular systematics helps us to uncover evolutionary relationships
between groups and allow us to reconstruct phylogenic trees among groups of present-day
organisms for which the fossil record is poor or lacking entirely. For example, the DNA that
encodes for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) changes comparatively slowly. Therefore, comparisons of
DNA sequences in these genes are valuable for investigating relationships between taxa that
diverged hundreds of millions of years ago. Other molecular methods useful for determining
phylogeny from fossil record include Nucleic acid sequencing, Genomic fingerprinting (RFLP)
and Amino acid sequencing..
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The document summarizes the cardiovascular system and its components. It describes the heart, arteries, veins, capillaries and their classifications. It discusses circulation patterns like systemic, pulmonary and portal circulation. It also covers topics like anastomoses, blood supply of arteries and veins, and clinical conditions like atherosclerosis and aneurysms.
Pulmonary & systemic circulation
Pulmonary circulation transports deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs where it becomes oxygenated, and then back to the left side of the heart. Systemic circulation then transports the oxygenated blood from the left ventricle through the arteries and returns it to the right atrium via the veins, except for some blood in the hepatic portal vein which passes through the liver first before returning to the heart. Humans have a double circulatory system with one circuit for pulmonary circulation and one for systemic circulation which together circulate blood throughout the body.
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The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood and produce urine, which travels through the ureters into the bladder. When the bladder fills, urine is excreted through the urethra. The kidneys regulate water and ion levels in the blood and remove wastes via specialized nephrons that filter the blood, reabsorb necessary components, and produce urine for excretion.
Urinary system
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine. Urine travels from the kidneys through the ureters and collects in the bladder. When full, the bladder empties through the urethra, which carries urine out of the body. The kidneys contain nephrons that filter blood and reabsorb necessary molecules, producing concentrated urine for excretion.
Anatomy of urinary system
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood to remove waste and produce urine. Approximately 1 million nephrons in each kidney filter blood and form urine. The ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra form the urinary tract to store and release urine produced by the kidneys.
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The document summarizes the major veins that return blood from different parts of the body to the heart. It describes how:
1. The superior and inferior vena cava return blood from the head, neck, upper body, and lower body respectively to the right atrium of the heart.
2. Veins in specific regions drain into these major veins - for example, veins in the brain drain into dural sinuses, which ultimately connect to the internal jugular vein.
3. Veins in the arms and legs have deep veins that follow the arterial path and superficial veins that drain more superficial structures and connect to the deep veins.
Urinary System Presentation-Yorkville College
The document provides details about the structure and function of the urinary system. It describes the location and structure of the kidneys and discusses nephrons, filtration, reabsorption, and secretion in urine formation. It also outlines the pathways of blood supply and drainage in the kidneys. Further, it details the ureters, bladder, and urethra and their roles in transporting and storing urine. Homeostatic imbalances like kidney stones are also mentioned.
Circulatory system2
The circulatory system carries blood and substances throughout the body using the heart and blood vessels. The heart pumps blood through arteries and veins, then into capillaries where nutrients and waste are exchanged with body cells before returning to the heart again. The circulatory system has two circuits - the pulmonary circuit pumps blood to the lungs to receive oxygen and remove carbon dioxide, while the systemic circuit pumps oxygenated blood to all body tissues.
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The circulatory system carries blood and substances throughout the body using the heart and blood vessels. The heart pumps blood through arteries and veins, then into capillaries where nutrients and waste are exchanged. The circulatory system is a double circulatory system, with oxygenated blood flowing through the lungs and deoxygenated blood returning to the heart to be re-oxygenated before circulating again.
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The document provides detailed information about the structure and function of the urinary system. It describes the location and structure of the kidneys and discusses nephrons, filtration, reabsorption, and secretion in urine formation. It also outlines the pathways of urine from the kidneys through the ureters to the bladder and urethra, and describes how urine is stored and expelled from the body.
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The circulatory system circulates blood and lymph throughout the body using the heart, blood vessels, and lymph vessels. The circulatory system transports gases, nutrients, hormones, wastes and other substances. There are three major types of blood vessels - arteries carry blood away from the heart, capillaries enable exchange between blood and tissues, and veins carry blood from capillaries back toward the heart. Blood flows from the arteries into smaller arterioles and capillaries, then into venules and veins which drain into the heart. Blood pressure is the pressure exerted by blood against vessel walls and is measured using a sphygmomanometer.
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The presentation that will unable to create a clear cut concept regarding the Vessels the vascular system of the human body. It will let you know about the arteries, veins, capillaries how the exchange of nutrients and other substance takes place..and many more things related to the vessels of the body.
Kidneys and adrenal glands,it's function
The kidneys and adrenal glands are located in the retroperitoneal space near the spine. The kidneys filter blood to remove waste and regulate electrolytes and fluid balance. Each kidney receives blood supply from the renal arteries and drains into the renal veins. The adrenal glands sit above the kidneys and consist of an outer cortex and inner medulla. The cortex secretes corticosteroids and androgens while the medulla secretes catecholamines. Kidney stones may cause pain and block urine flow.
Urinary System Presentationyorkville College 1203376567476185 2
1. The kidneys filter blood and produce urine by filtering, reabsorbing, and secreting various substances. They are located in the upper back behind the abdominal cavity.
2. Urine is transported from the kidneys to the bladder via ureters. It is stored in the bladder until urination.
3. During urination, sphincter muscles relax allowing urine to pass through the urethra and exit the body. The urethra has gender differences in structure and function.
Excretory system presentation
The urinary system filters waste from the blood in the kidneys, which contain nephrons that act as tiny filters. The kidneys remove waste through the ureters into the urinary bladder, where urine is stored until expelled through the urethra. Each kidney contains approximately one million nephrons that filter wastes like urea and salt from the blood into collecting tubes and eventually the bladder.
Excretory system presentation
The urinary system filters waste from the blood in the kidneys, which contain nephrons that act as tiny filters. The kidneys remove waste through the ureters into the urinary bladder, where urine is stored until expelled through the urethra. Each kidney contains approximately one million nephrons that filter wastes like urea and salt from the blood into collecting tubes and ureters to be stored in the bladder before excretion.
Similar to The liver has a portal vein as well as a hepatic vein. It also has u.pdf (20)
Azygos ,Thoracic duct and Porto-Systemic anastomosis.pptx
Azygos ,Thoracic duct and Porto-Systemic anastomosis.pptx
Urinary System Presentationyorkville College 1203376567476185 2
Urinary System Presentationyorkville College 1203376567476185 2
More from eyewaregallery
in C++ , Design a linked list class named IntegerList to hold a seri.pdf
in C++ , Design a linked list class named IntegerList to hold a series of integers. The class must
have public member functions for appending , inserting, deleting and displaying nodes. The
append function must append a node to the end of the list. The insert function must insert node in
ascending order. The delete function must delete the node with the given value. The display
function should display the list from head to tail. The IntegerList class should also have a
destructor that destroys the list and release memory. The list node must be declared as a structure
using keyword struct. This structure is a private member of IntegerList. You should also store the
head of the list as a private member.
Write a test program to test the implementation your IntegerList class works properly.
Solution
Here is the code for the above scenario:
#include
using namespace std;
struct ListNode
{
float value;
ListNode *next;
};
ListNode *head;
class LinkedList
{
public:
int insertNode(float num);
int appendNode(float num);
void deleteNode(float num);
void destroyList();
void displayList();
LinkedList(void) {head = NULL;}
~LinkedList(void) {destroyList();}
};
int LinkedList::appendNode(float num)
{
ListNode *newNode, *nodePtr = head;
newNode = new ListNode;
if(newNode == NULL)
{
cout << \"Error allocating memory for new list member!\ \";
return 1;
}
newNode->value = num;
newNode->next = NULL;
if(head == NULL)
{
cout << \"List was empty - \" << newNode->value;
cout << \" is part of list\'s first node.\ \";
head = newNode;
}
else
{
while(nodePtr->next != NULL)
nodePtr = nodePtr->next;
nodePtr->next = newNode;
}
return 0;
}
int LinkedList::insertNode(float num)
{
struct ListNode *newNode, *nodePtr = head, *prevNodePtr = NULL;
newNode = new ListNode;
if(newNode == NULL)
{
cout << \"Error allocating memory for new list member!\ \";
return 1;
}
newNode->value = num;
newNode->next = NULL;
if(head==NULL) {
cout << \"List was empty - \" << newNode->value;
cout << \" is part of list\'s first node.\ \";
head = newNode;
}
else
{
while((nodePtr != NULL) && (nodePtr->value < num)) {
prevNodePtr = nodePtr;
nodePtr = nodePtr->next;
}
if(prevNodePtr==NULL)
newNode->next = head;
else
newNode->next = nodePtr; prevNodePtr->next = newNode;
}
return 0;
}
void LinkedList::deleteNode(float num)
{
struct ListNode *nodePtr = head, *prevNodePtr = NULL;
if(head==NULL) {
cout << \"The list was empty!\ \";
return;
}
if(head->value == num) {
head = nodePtr->next;
delete [] nodePtr;
}
else
{
while((nodePtr!= NULL)&&(nodePtr->value != num)) {
prevNodePtr = nodePtr;
nodePtr = nodePtr->next;
}
if(nodePtr==NULL)
cout << \"The value \" << num << \" is not in this list!\ \";
else {
prevNodePtr->next = nodePtr->next;
delete [] nodePtr;
}
}
}
void LinkedList::destroyList()
{
struct ListNode *nodePtr = head, *nextNode = nodePtr;
if(head==NULL) {
cout << \"The list is empty!\ \";
return;
}
while (nodePtr != NULL) {
nextNode = nodePtr->next;
delete [] nodePtr;
nodePtr = nextNode;
}
}
void LinkedList.
In addition to the fossil record, what other kinds of evidence reinfo.pdf
In addition to the fossil record, what other kinds of evidence reinforce the evolutionary of life?
You may want to use your textbook as a reference.
Solution
In addition to fossil record, application of Molecular Systematics is very much helpful for easy
identification of fossilized organism. Molecular systematics involves comparisons of nucleic
acids or other molecules to presume the degree of relatedness which can disclose phylogenetic
relationships which usually cannot be determined by non-molecular methods like comparative
anatomy. For example, molecular systematics helps us to uncover evolutionary relationships
between groups and allow us to reconstruct phylogenic trees among groups of present-day
organisms for which the fossil record is poor or lacking entirely. For example, the DNA that
encodes for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) changes comparatively slowly. Therefore, comparisons of
DNA sequences in these genes are valuable for investigating relationships between taxa that
diverged hundreds of millions of years ago. Other molecular methods useful for determining
phylogeny from fossil record include Nucleic acid sequencing, Genomic fingerprinting (RFLP)
and Amino acid sequencing..
How much 0.521 M NaOH will be needed to raise the pH of 0.161 L of 4.pdf
How much 0.521 M NaOH will be needed to raise the pH of 0.161 L of 4.51 M ascorbic acid
(H2C6H6O6) to a pH of 11.60?
Solution
pH of acidic buffer = pka2 + log(salt/acid)
No of mol of ascorbic acid = 0.161*4.51 = 0.726 mol
No of mol of salt = x mol
pka2 = 11.6, pH = 11.6
11.6 = 11.6 + log(x/(0.726-x))
x = 0.363
NO of mol of NaOH required = 2x = 2*0.363 = 0.726 mol
volume of NaOH must take = 0.726/0.521 = 1.4 L
answer: 1.4 L.
I am writing a program that places bolcks on a grid the the sape of .pdf
The document is a code snippet that defines classes for different shapes (O, I, L, S, X, U) used in a program that places blocks in different letter shapes on a grid. The code provides constructors for each shape that initialize the x and y coordinate arrays for each shape. It also includes functions to get the name and size of each shape, as well as a function to check if two shapes overlap.
How do teams bring value to an organizationHow are high performin.pdf
How do teams bring value to an organization?
How are high performing teams built?
When a team is working well together and the project is proceeding as planned what can happen
to derail even the high performing teams?
Solution
Teams are of important value to any organization as they determine not only the success of an
organization but also the level with which the organization grow.
1. Teams bring about exchange of ideas which benefit the organization in terms of innovation
as well as different ways of approaching difficulties.
2. Teams use the skill sets that come varied personalities to form a comprehensive part of the
work force.
3. Teams help an organization to develop good communication and commitment values a
factor that strengthens an organization both internally and externally.
4. Teams help organizations realize goals set through combination of effort.
High performing teams are build through choosing of a visionary, enthusiastic and committed
team leader. The leader then sets to choose a group of equally visionary, skilled and hard
working individuals who are united and willing to work towards a common goal a process that
entails forging of trust between the leader and the team. The team is then put through various
projects in which it is expected to complete with utmost success a process which defines and
makes the team better with team to a level of high performance.
1. Calamities such as sickness or death or a team member may derail the high performance.
2. Lack of motivation especially by the team leader may derail the high performance.
3. Laziness may be also stand as a factor especially when the teams assume that the set
objectives have been achieved
4. Conflict amongst the team members or the team leader and members may derail the teams\'
performance..
how can we use empricism to figure out if a fact is trueSolutio.pdf
how can we use empricism to figure out if a fact is true?
Solution
Empiricism is nothing but Knowledge by observation. Nothing is accepted without touching it,
Experiencing it or sensing the things directly.
So, empiricism helps a person to accept that fact by working on it or experimenting on it.
Empiricism demands logic to believe any particular fact to accept.
By using these many ways one can believe the fact is true from Empiricism..
Gene RegulationFunction of transcription factor domains, i.e. DNA.pdf
Gene Regulation:
Function of transcription factor domains, i.e. DNA binding vs. activation domain and co-
activators. Explain how they affect gene regulation in DNA.
Solution
Transcription is the process of synthesis of RNA from DNA template a- a fist step in gene
expression.The enzyme RNA polymerase copies a particular segment of DNA into RNa and it
represents the primary level at which gene expression is regulated in prokaryotes and eukaryotic
systems .the mechanism is similar in both prokayotes and eukaryotes .
In eukaryotic systems distinct factors known as the transcription initiation factors are required
and have a promoter region upstream from the gene or an enhancer region either up or
downstream from the gene and with specific motifs that are recognized by various types of
transcription factors .
The transcription factors bind and attract other transcripton factors to create a complex thus
facilitating the binding of RNA polymerase ii and hence the process of transcription. These
transcription factors are classified into genreral transcription factors which represent the basic
transcription machinery and gene specific transcription factor.
The transcrption factors are specific proteins that are required for RNA polymerase II to initiate
transcrption and contain one or more DNA binding domains (DBD) which attach to specific
DNA sequence adjacent to the gene that they regulate.
DNA binding domains is an independently folded domain which contains one motif that can
recognize a specific DNA sequence or general affinity to DNA. There are several different type
of DNA binding domains like the Helix turn Helix domain, Zinc finger domain ,Dimerization
domain , Leucine zipper etc.
Helix turn Helix domain: is characteristic of DNA binding proteins, composed of two -helices
joined by a short strand of amino acids and is found commonly in several proteins that regulate
gene expression. helix-turn-helix proteins include the homeodomain proteins, which play critical
roles in the regulation of gene expression during embryonic development
Zinc finger domain :They contain repeats of cysteine and histidine residues that bind zinc ions
and fold into looped structures that bind DNA first identified in the polymerase III transcription
factor TFIIA but are also found in transcription factors that regulate polymerse II promoters.
,Dimerization domain :,These domains bring about dimerization of two polypeptide chains as
seen in helix turn helkix domians , leucine zipper domain.
The transcrptional activator domains or the TAD are the regions of transcription factors which in
conjunction with DNA binding domain can activate transcrption from promoter by contacting
transcriptional machinery either directly or through other protein coactivators.
The transcriptional repressor domain TRDS are the regions of the transcription factors which in
conjuation with the DNA binding domain can repress transcirption from a promoter by
contacting transcrptional machinery eit.
For each step of DNA replication, predict the outcome ifconcentra.pdf
For each step of DNA replication, predict the outcome if:
concentration of nitrogenous bases is low
primase is inhibited
DNA polymerase were inhibited
DNA ligase were inhibited
Helicase were inhibited
AND
Identify cellular process(es) that require DNA replication
THANKS
Solution
concentration of nitrogenous bases is low- DNA molecule is made up of nitrogenous bases
adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. These nitrogenous bases form the template and the
sequence of DNA in replication. They specify the order of these bases in the complementary
template strand being formed.
primase is inhibited- Enzyme primase is of key importance in DNA replication because it is the
only enzyme that can initiate DNA synthesis strand without an initial PNA or CNA primer.
Hence primase is essential as it catalysis the synthesis of a primer complementary to ssDNA
template aiding in the initiation of DNA replication to take place.
DNA polymerase were inhibited- DNA polymerase is an essential enzyme involved in the repair
of any damage to DNA molecule and it also plays a vital role in DNA replication; it connects the
Okazaki fragments (complementary fragements to the lagging template strand ) by deleting RNA
primers and replacing it with DNA.
DNA ligase were inhibited- Ligase enzyme is useful in DNA repair (single-strand or double-
strand breaks of DNA) and in replication by joining the double DNA strands through
phosphodiester bond formation (3\'OH end and 5\'P end). DNA double helicular structure is thus
formed through ligation of both strands on replication.
Helicase were inhibited- Helicases help in the seperation of nucleic acid strands required during
the cellular processes like DNA replication, transcription, repair. This seperation is done by
Helicase enzyme by moving through a nucleic acid phosphodiester backbone that exists in DNA,
RNA, or DNA-RNA hybrid.
cellular process that require DNA replication- In mitosis DNA replication is essential (S stage of
interphase) which gets distributed to the resulting daughter cells at the end of cytokinesis. This
ensures two similar daughter cells having common genetic material..
Explain THREE unique characteristics of fungi.SolutionThree un.pdf
Explain THREE unique characteristics of fungi.
Solution
Three unique characteristics of fungi are-
1)Fungi are filamentous and not truly multicellular. They are composed of unique thread-like
filamentous structures called hyphae. In higher fungi, these hyphae anastomose to form a
network called mycelium.The cell wall of fungi is composed of chitin or cellulose. Fungi can
build mutual relationships with other organisms in order to get nutritional benefits from such
association. For example: The symbiotic relationship between funfi and algae is called lichen.
2) They need preformed food, optimum temperature, pH and moisture to grow properly. In order
to avoid dessication, they also require some amount of water to grow. They are resistant to
osmotic pressure and hence, can grow in relatively high salt and sugar concentrations.
3)Fungi are heterotrophic and they lack plastids.They collect nutrients from the environment,
from dead or living organisms. Fungi are capable of metabolising complex carbohydrates (like
lignin)..
Explain the basic relationship between humans and microorganisms.pdf
Explain the basic relationship between humans and microorganisms
Solution
Answer=
The basic relationship between humans & microorganisms are as follows
The surfaces of human body inside & outside ,for example skin ,mouth & intestines are covered
in millions of individual microbes
The microbes that do not harm in fact they helps to protect us becoming infected with harmful
microbes they are known as normal body flora
There are 3 types of symbiotic relationships between humans & bacteria
1] Commensalism = Is a relationship that is beneficial to the bacteria ,but does not help or
harmthe host
most are reside on epithelial surfaces that come in contact with the external environment
commonly found on skin ,respiratory tract & gastrointestinal tract
They aquire nutrients & place to live & grow from their host
some are pathogenic & cause disease may provide benefit to host
2] Mutuliastic relationship-=
Both bacteria & host are beneficial
for example there are several kinds of bacteria that live on skin & inside the mouth ,nose,throat
& intestines of humans
These bacteria received a place to live & feed while keeping other harmful microbes from taking
up residence
bacteria in digestive system assist in nutrient metabolism ,vitamin production & waste
processing
3] Parasitic relatioship= is one in which the bacteria benefit while the host is harmed
pathogenic parasites ,which cause disease,do so by resisting the hosts defences & growing at the
expense of host
These bacteria produces poisonous substances called endotoxins & exotoxins are responsible for
the symptoms to occure with an illness
Disease causing bacteria are responsible for a number of diseases including meningitis
,pneumonia .tuberculosis& several types of food borne diseases.
discuss the rationale for the global harmonization of financial repo.pdf
discuss the rationale for the global harmonization of financial reporting and disclosure
requirements
Solution
The focus and rationale of global harmonization of financial reporting and disclosure
requirements is for achieving a level of compatibility for the statements. There is less
complication for the companies and individuals to present the financial statements and its
interpretations. The differences between financial reporting standards are erased with
international harmonization of financial reporting.
When there is achievement of international harmonization in finial reporting then it benefits
countries and improves the access effectively for the financial market. The confidence and
investor\'s K owned he is increased. According to Wiley (2000) even though the rationale behind
harmonization is smooth preparation and presentation of financial statements; there may be
differences based on the factors like taxation and political aspects.
It focuses on creation of similar set of procedures with the help of boundary establishment and
how they can differ globally.
It also benefits accounting standards on national and international levels.
The disclosure requirements include the information related to nature and the extent of risks
which arises from financial instruments. The importance of financial instutments for the purpose
of finial position and performance of entity. It includes financial assets, held to maturity
investments, loans and receivables, sale assets etc..
Describe the need to multitask in BBC (behavior-based control) syste.pdf
Describe the need to multitask in BBC (behavior-based control) systems?
Solution
Behavior-based control employs a set of distributed, in-teracting modules, called behaviors that
collectively achieve the desired system-level behavior. To an ex-ternal observer, behaviors are
patterns of the robot’s activity emerging from interactions between the robot and its
environment. To a programmer, behaviors are control modules that cluster sets of constraints in
order to achieve and maintain a goal. Each behavior receives inputs from sensors and/or other
behaviors in the system, and provides outputs to the robot’s actuators or to other behaviors. Thus,
a behavior-based controller is a structured network of interacting behaviors, with no centralized
world representation or focus of control. In-stead, individual behaviors and networks of
behaviors maintain any state information and models.
The basic principles of behavior-based control can be summarized briefly as follows:
• Behaviors are implemented as control laws (some-times similar to those used in control
theory), either in software or hardware, as a processing element or as a procedure.
• Each behavior can take inputs from the robot’s sen-sors (e.g., proximity sensors, range
detectors, contact sensors, camera) and/or from other modules in the
system, and send outputs to the robot’s effectors (e.g., wheels, grippers, arm, speech) and/or to
other modules.
• Many different behaviors may independently re- ceive input from the same sensors and output
action commands to the same actuators.
• Behaviors are encoded to be relatively simple, and are added to the system incrementally.
• Behaviors (or subsets thereof) are executed con- currently, not sequentially, in order to exploit
parallelism and speed of computation, as well as the interaction dynamics among behaviors and
between behaviors and the environment.
The ability to improve performance over time and to reason about the world, in the context of a
chang-ing and dynamic environment, is an important area of research in situated robotics. Unlike
in classical ma-chine learning, where the goal is typically to optimize performance over a long
period of time, in situated learning the aim is to adapt relatively quickly, toward
attaining efficiency in the light of uncertainty. Models from biology are often considered, given
its proper- ties of learning directly from environmental feedback. Variations and adaptations of
machine learning, and in particular reinforcement learning, have been effectively applied to
behavior-based robots, which have demon- strated learning to walk [38.
, navigate and create topological maps, di-vide tasks, behave socially , and even identify
opponents and score goals in robot soc-
cer. Methods from artificial life, evolutionary computation/genetic algorithms, fuzzy logic,
vision and learning, multi-agent systems, and many other research areas continue to be actively
explored and applied to behavior-based robots as their role in ani.
A spinner with 7 equally sized slices is shown below. The dial is spu.pdf
A spinner with 7 equally sized slices is shown below. The dial is spun and stops on a slice at
random. What are the odds in favor of landing on a black slice?
Solution
4 slice grey
1 black slice
2 white slice
odds are ratio of favorable outcomes to non favorable outcomes
Odds in favour of landing on a black slice = 1:6.
ble below to calculate the Gross Domestic Product uning the ral Gro.pdf
ble below to calculate the Gross Domestic Product uning the ral Gross Domestic Product? Fully
explain your anower. (4 mak) or rea overnment expenditures on goods and service Wages,
salaries and supplementary labour income 2,000 reciation nvestment 400 sumption expenditure
et exports direct taxes 150
Solution
Gross domestic product be expenditure method= consumption expenditure+ government
expenditure+ investment+ net export
=2200+500+400+(-50)
=3050
This is the nominal GDP as well as real GDP because base year price and current year price is
not given.
Hence real GDP and nominal GDP will be same..
1.The limbic systemA. matures before the prefrontal cortexB. is.pdf
1.The limbic system:
A. matures before the prefrontal cortex
B. is another name for the prefrontal cortex
C. is responsible for emotional regulation and impulse control
D. matures before the amygdala
Solution
The limbic system is responsible for emotional regulationand impules control.
Limbic system is that portion of the brain which deals with the emotions, arousal, learning aw
well as formation of memories. It has a complicated structure that lies on the both side of the
thalamus just beneath the cerebrum. It includes amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus,
hypothalamus, basal ganglia and cingulate gyrus.
Amygdala also known as the emotional centre of the brain. Hippocampus helps in the formation
of new memories from our past experinces. While thalamus and hypothalamus are governs the
changes occuring to the emotional activities. Basal ganglia involved in motor control and habbit
learning. And cingulate gyrus manage smell and sight and regulate our behaviour..
Why is leadership a critical factor in implementing change and qua.pdf
Why is leadership a critical factor in implementing change and quality improvement initiatives?
Why is leadership a critical factor in implementing change and quality improvement initiatives?
Solution
Leadership is required for inspiring and motivating followers to work towards common
objectives. The leader employs enthusiasm and charisma to motivate the employees to think out
of the box.Leader lays emphasis on the values, morals, ideas and needs of the organization and
the followers.
Leadership is critical for transformation and change in the firm in a turbulent and challenging
environment. By concentrating on innovation and creation rather than just daily planning and
execution, the leader ensures that the changes are implemented with minimum resistance.
Below is how the leaders can implement change and quality improvement initiatives while
overcoming resistance-
1. Communicating the objective of the change and how it would positively affect the
productivity of the employees and the organization
2. Developing training and mentoring programs to train the employees to adopt to the new
process or system
3. Removing fears from the minds of employees through openhouse discussions etc.
4. Explaining the employees how the change would help in the development of the individuals..
Why are there bubbles in beer and champagneSolution Bubbles of .pdf
Why are there bubbles in beer and champagne?
Solution
Bubbles of gas, typically carbon dioxide are produced from beer and champagne , rising to the
surface. Because . yeasts ferment sugars and form carbon dioxide gas during fermentation. In the
bottle, where the pressure is high, the carbon dioxide disappears. However, when you open the
bottle and lower the pressure, the carbon dioxide escapes in the form of bubbles. In Champagne
and other sparkling wines, the bubbles pop, while in beer, the bubbles remain and form the
beer\'shead..
Which of the following is true of a traditional master budget a. It.pdf
Which of the following is true of a traditional master budget? a. It uses the zero-base budgeting
approach. b. It is department oriented. c. It recognizes interdependencies. d. It is dynamic in
nature.
Solution
Correct Answer is b. it is department Oriented
One of the critisism of Traditional Master Budget is that it is Department oriented and does not
recognise independencies among departments, further it is static not dynamic in nature..
Which ethnic groups were a part of the former YugoslaviaCroats, S.pdf
Which ethnic groups were a part of the former Yugoslavia?
Croats, Serbs, Bosnian Muslims, Macedonians
Janjaweed
Israelis, Palestinians, Arabs
Hutu & Tutsis
Croats, Serbs, Bosnian Muslims, Macedonians
Janjaweed
Israelis, Palestinians, Arabs
Hutu & Tutsis
Solution
The ethnic group can be defined as a social category based on common culture or nationality.
In other words, it can be said that an ethnic group is a category of people who recognize with
each other based on similarities for example as a common ancestry, language, society, culture or
nation.
First Yugoslavia contains people of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918–29).
Hence it can be said that the ethnic groups which were a part of the former Yugoslavia were
Croats, Serbs, Bosnian Muslims, Macedonians.
Hence option first is the correct answer.
Option first; Croats, Serbs, Bosnian Muslims, Macedonians.
What would the components of the development be in an early learning.pdf
What would the components of the development be in an early learning(1st – 3rd) website
environment be?
Solution
For a website,major components include Front end,images,contents navigation,page structure.
For early learning website.As it for the children,content along with effective graphic design is
most preferable.
Graphic design:
Many of the elements described, such as the logo, the navigation menus, the layout, images, etc.,
fall under the general category of graphic design. But graphic design is more than these. It is the
look and feel the website will have as a result of proper use and integration of all these elements.
Content management is considered.
The website is not recommended to be a static as it should be more creative and changes is
necessary.
Content management system:
This is the ability to update your website without having to directly edit the html. Simple
systems create areas on a web page that can be easily changed on a regular basis.
Include multiedia and databases.
Multi-media.
It is for than just text and images. Photo-tours, video-clips, sound-clips all can add to the
experience if they are well matched to the type of site and profile of the target audience..
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ble below to calculate the Gross Domestic Product uning the ral Gro.pdf
ble below to calculate the Gross Domestic Product uning the ral Gro.pdf
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हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docx
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...
BÀI TẬP DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 7 CẢ NĂM FRIENDS PLUS SÁCH CHÂN TRỜI SÁNG TẠO ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/qhtvq32h4ybf9t49ku85x0n3xl4jhr15বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience Wahiba Chair Training & Consulting
Wahiba Chair's Talk at the 2024 Learning Ideas Conference. What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Aberdeen
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Event Link:- https://meetups.mulesoft.com/events/details/mulesoft-mysore-presents-mule-event-processing-models/
Agenda
● What is event processing in MuleSoft?
● Types of event processing models in Mule 4
● Distinction between the reactive, parallel, blocking & non-blocking processing
For Upcoming Meetups Join Mysore Meetup Group - https://meetups.mulesoft.com/mysore/YouTube:- youtube.com/@mulesoftmysore
Mysore WhatsApp group:- https://chat.whatsapp.com/EhqtHtCC75vCAX7gaO842N
Speaker:-
Shivani Yasaswi - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shivaniyasaswi/
Organizers:-
Shubham Chaurasia - https://www.linkedin.com/in/shubhamchaurasia1/
Giridhar Meka - https://www.linkedin.com/in/giridharmeka
Priya Shaw - https://www.linkedin.com/in/priya-shaw
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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The liver has a portal vein as well as a hepatic vein. It also has u.pdf
- 1. The liver has a portal vein as well as a hepatic vein. It also has unique exchange blood vessels similar to capillaries, called “sinusoids.” How do these unique structures determine the function of the organ? Solution Hepatic veins: Hepatic veins are arisen in the liver lobule's central vein. Valves are absent in Hepatic veins. These vessels can transports deoxygenated blood of liver and blood which has been filtered by the liver (this is blood from the pancreas, colon, small intestine, and stomach) to the inferior vena cava. Hepatic portal vein: The hepatic portal vein is one of the most important vein that originates from a networks in the stomach, pancreas, intestines and spleen. this vessel can carry blood from these organs through the hepatic portal vein to the liver. In the liver this blood enters into a capillary-like hepatic sinusoids called as hepatic portal system. Later this blood passes through the portal veins of the liver, blood is carried through a series of merging vessels into the hepatic veins. These empty into the inferior vena cava. Sinusoids: These are capillary like vessels. In the digestive system, they're found near the liver and blood is conveyed via the sinusoids to the inferior vena cava by the hepatic veins. Sinusoid pathways, or sinusoidal pathways: This pathway describes the hepatic portal system. From the organs (stomach, intestines, pancreas, and spleen) and blood moves through the hepatic portal vein to the capillary like hepatic sinusoids, which together are called the hepatic portal system. From the sinusoid pathways, blood is transported by the hepatic veins back to the inferior vena cava.