A lazy ppt about Malaria focused on 2 key IB syllabus points that may likely appear as essay questions in final exams.

1. Examine the geographic factors
responsible for the incidence and
spread of Malaria.
Examine: Consider an argument or
concept in a way that uncovers the
assumptions and interrelationships of
the issue

2. Barriers to Malaria
Physical
• Latitude
• Elevation
• Aridity
Human
• Medication
• IRS
• LLIN
• Drainage
• Education
• Quality housing
• Insect repellent
• Clothing
• Wealth and empowerment
• Sustained and systemic
eradication attempts

4. Diseases of Poverty-Malaria
General
• Poor sanitation
• Malnutrition
• Low quality housing
• Lack of potable water
• Low education
• Labor intensive
employment
• Low income
• Lack of health care
Malaria Specific
• More standing water
• Weaker immune system
• Mosquitoes gain access
• Additional diseases
• Lack of awareness
• Exposed to mosquitoes
• Low empowerment
• Poor prevention and
treatment

5. Key Points of Essay
Assumptions
• Malaria is an endemic
disease that has always
been in certain geographic
areas and always will
Interrelationships
• Malaria is actually a disease
that can be (and has been)
eradicated from geographic
locations
• There is a very strong
correlation between
poverty and
incidence/spread of Malaria
• Development is the key
barrier to Malaria

6. Evaluate the geographic impact of
Malaria at the local, national and
international scales.
Evaluate: Make an appraisal by
weighing up the strengths and
limitations

7. Immediate Problem
• Evaluate is a poor choice of command term for
this topic i.e. what are the strengths and
limitations of the geographic impact of
malaria

8. Local Level-Humbo District Ethiopia
Well Being
• Children and women
• Low level of resistance
• Malnutrition
• Mortality
• Morbidity
• Depression
• Anxiety
• Lack of hope
• Grief
• DDT?
Society
• High IMR/CBR/DALY/HALE
• Pressure on health care-lack
of necessary drugs, testing
and skilled staff
• Breakdown of agricultural
work force-harvest time
• Pressure on all social
systems i.e. education

9. Local Level-Humbo District Ethiopia
Economic Impact
• Workers sick so food and money impacted
• Financial resources diverted in health care instead of
economic development and education
• Few jobs created and thus economic stagnation, recession
• Inability to afford the necessary medicine, doctors,
mosquito nets, spraying to create necessary barriers to the
disease
• Lack of communications technology necessary to rapidly
communicate info about epidemics
• Vicious cycle

10. National Level-Ethiopia
• The impacts on localities such as Humbo district
combine to create pressures on national societal and
economic systems.
• Variations of impact as a result of physical geography
of country i.e. high aridity and elevation variations
mean that not all areas of Ethiopia experience such
extreme well being impacts

11. National Level-Ethiopia
• Since 2003 a great deal of progress has been made in
combating Malaria primarily via ODA focused on
supplying IRS and LLIN and the necessary medical
facilities, equipment and staff to diagnose and treat
Malaria
• Since the financial crisis of 2008-10 the ODA flows
have decreased and they were already below the
100% level required to eradicate Malaria already

12. National Level-Ethiopia
• Many of the LLINs that were distributed in the ODA
splurge are reaching the end of their 4 year life and
thus funding is significantly below the level required
to eradicate Malaria
• Additionally mosquitoes have developed resistance
to some of the preventative and curative medication
that is provided to the infected

13. National Level-Ethiopia
• The fear is that Malaria and the mosquitoes will
maintain a more sustained approach than the aid
donors
• The reality is that the root cause of the disease is
poverty and that without concerted and systemic
efforts to address Ethiopia’s poverty it is highly
unlikely that Malaria can be eradicated

14. Global-Regional Level
• Malaria is a disease of poverty and thus does not
exist in the more developed parts of the world
(except in small pockets at low incidences)
• Although there are climatic factors involved in the
global distribution of Malaria the eradication of the
disease from Europe, North America and parts of
Asia demonstrates that climate is not the dominant
causal factor

15. Global-Regional Level
• While Malaria is found in many countries-regions
with low development levels around the tropics it
is at its most prevalent in sub Saharan Africa
which is also the least developed region of the
world
• The more developed parts of the world are
concerned about Malaria from the point of view
of the ODA they provide to tackle it, whether
citizens contract it during vacations and if the
disease shows signs of geographical expansion