3. n hauesler community_tourism 13 june
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MCRB, Myanmar Responsible Tourism Initiative (MRTI) and Hanns Seidel Foundation (HSF) cohosted a second Communities and Tourism Conference in Naypyidaw on 13/14 June. Read more: http://www.myanmar-responsiblebusiness.org/news/communities-and-tourism-conference-2017.html
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3. n hauesler community_tourism 13 june
- 1. Tourism and Communities - Definitions, Concepts and Objectives Dr. Nicole Haeusler Responsible Tourism Consultant
- 3. Community-based Tourism (CBT) Community Involvement in Tourism (CIT)
- 4. Community-based Tourism (CBT) Community Involvement in Tourism (CIT) Participation
- 5. Definition of CBT by ASEAN Community Based Tourism (CBT) is tourism activity, community owned and operated, and managed or coordinated at the community level that contributes to the well-being of communities through supporting sustainable livelihoods and protecting valued socio-cultural traditions and natural and cultural heritage resources. Source: ASEAN Community Based Tourism Standards, Jakarta, 2016
- 6. Definition of CBT by ASEAN Owner- ship Coordi- nation Community Manage- ment
- 7. Community and Tourism – which way to go? (2013)
- 8. Which way to go – Development of a Policy • Eight workshops with public and private sector, (I)NGOs, community representatives in Yangon, Nay Pyi Taw, Inle Lake, Kyaing Tong, Bagan and Loikaw • 31 Jan -13 Feb 2013
- 9. Nyaung Shwe, Feb. 2013
- 11. Level of participation by the local community in tourism activities (management, decision-taking processes) in Myanmar? 2013
- 14. Loikaw
- 15. Bagan
- 19. Encourage local entrepreneurship Accommodation: (Homestay), encourage local ownership, B&B, permits
- 20. Community Involvement in Tourism (CIT) Means to create wealth for local communities through tourism Wealth: at economic, cultural and institutional levels Core aims Enable locals to gain substantial control over the development of tourism Enhance community involvement in the tourism industry
- 21. Community Involvement in Tourism (CIT) • Communities must be consulted and involved in decision-making processes on tourism planning and management, which directly affect their livelihood. • However, final decisions shall be made in coordination with the private sector and with the approval of the public sector administration.
- 22. Policy on Community Involvement in Tourism – 2013
- 23. Same same or different? Community-based Tourism (CBT) Community Involvement in Tourism (CIT)
- 24. Definition of CBT by ASEAN Community Based Tourism (CBT) is tourism activity, community owned and operated, and managed or coordinated at the community level that contributes to the well-being of communities through supporting sustainable livelihoods and protecting valued socio-cultural traditions and natural and cultural heritage resources. Source: ASEAN Community Based Tourism Standards, Jakarta, 2016
- 25. Definition of CBT by ASEAN Owner- ship Coordi- nation Community Manage- ment
- 26. Community-based Tourism All activities are taking part in the community / in the village and are (ideally) managed via community tourism comittee!
- 27. Community Involvement in Tourism Small entrepreneur- ship: offering service inside and outside the village (food, souvenirs, guiding) Hotels Restaurants Market
- 28. Local Products CIT: Promoting small entrepreneurship along the tourism supply chain (e.g. food production, excursions, transport, accommodation (B&B), village guides etc.)
- 29. Local Products
- 31. Local (Organic) Food Production
- 32. Handicraft
- 33. Bed & Breakfast – B&B B&Bs in Thandaunggyi
- 34. Community Involvement in Tourism Principal aim: Promotion of small entrepreneurs (at community initiative or at individual level, in urban and rural areas) Challenges: Lack of policies and standards (micro credits, B&B licences, tax incentives (tax reduction), lack of legal framework for social enterprises
- 35. Community-based Tourism (CBT) CBT became extremely popular in the late 1990s, early 2000s Requests by NGOs to integrate local communities into tourism development as active stakeholders Strong positive reaction by donor organisations More scepticism lately (missing economic sustainability)
- 37. Community-based Tourism (CBT) • Top-down approach • Social capital of community • Market access • Capacity building • Marketing & Promotion • Administration /Booking
- 38. CBT can be part of CIT CBT Supply Chain (B&B, food etc.) CIT
- 41. Communities and Tourism – which way to go? (2017) What is the meaning of CBT in Myanmar?
- 43. Level of participation by the local community in tourism activities (management, decision-taking processes) in Myanmar? 2017?
- 44. Community-based Tourism (CBT) Community Involvement in Tourism (CIT) Participation
- 46. Manipulative Participation • `People‘s` representatives on official meetings/boards • Unelected • Have no power Passive Participation • People being told what has been decided without listening to people‘s responses Participation by consultation • People participate by being consulted or by answering questions • External organisation(s) define problems Functional Participation • Involved shared decision-making • To arise only after major decisions have already been made by external organisations Interactive Participation • Community participates in joint analysis • Participation is seen as a right Self- mobilization • Local people participate by taking initiatives independently of external organisations to develop tourism in its place MAKE THEIR OWN DECISIONS DECISIONS ARE MADE BY OTHERS THE MEANING OF PARTICIPATION How local communities can participate in development programs and projects
- 47. Manipulative Participation • `People‘s` representatives on official meetings/boards • Unelected • Have no power Passive Participation • People being told what has been decided wthout listening to people‘s responses Participation by consultation • People participate by being consulted or by answering questions • External organisation(s) define problems Functional Participation • Involved shared decision-making • To arise only after major decisions have already been made by external organisations Interactive Participation • Community participates in joint analysis • Participation is seen as a right Self- mobilization • Local people participate by taking initiatives independently of external organisations to develop tourism in its place MAKE THEIR OWN DECISIONS DECISIONS ARE MADE BY OTHERS THE MEANING OF PARTICIPATION How local communities can participate in development programs and projects CBT
- 48. Manipulative Participation • `People‘s` representatives on official meetings/boards • Unelected • Have no power Passive Participation • People being told what has been decided wthout listening to people‘s responses Participation by consultation • People participate by being consulted or by answering questions • External organisation(s) define problems Functional Participation • Involved shared decision-making • To arise only after major decisions have already been made by external organisations Interactive Participation • Community participates in joint analysis • Participation is seen as a right Self- mobilization • Local people participate by taking initiatives independently of external organisations to develop tourism in its place MAKE THEIR OWN DECISIONS DECISIONS ARE MADE BY OTHERS THE MEANING OF PARTICIPATION How local communities can participate in development programs and projects „Pure“ Comunity based Tourism Patron based Community-based Tourism
- 49. Pure versus Patron based CBT Pure Community-based Tourism: All or majority of the decisions are taken by the community Patron Community-based Tourism: All or majority of decisions are taken by • government and/or • tour operator • NGO • donor organisation
- 50. CBT - CIT CBT Supply Chain (B&B, food etc.) CIT • Pure /Patron-based CBT? • Lodges in the villages • …. • B&B licences • Be aware of the supply chain – Connect! • …
- 51. To be discussed… 1. Can we use the term CBT in Myanmar even if the tourism activities are actually controlled in principal by a tour operator, the government and/or donor organisation and not by the community (top-down approach; low level of active particpation)?
- 52. To be discussed… 2. If we focus on CBT (village visits), who is our market (Thailand, Indonesia = domestic visitors)? How many CBT projects do we need in each destination? When is enough enough?
- 53. To be discussed… 3. Should we strengthen more local entrepreurship along the supply chain? And if so, want kind of incentives need to be created by the government?
- 54. To be discussed… 4. Do we need a review on the current CIT Policy integrating new trends, ideas and visions?
- 55. To be discussed… 5. How can we link the topics of communities + tourism development + PEACE in Myanmar?