The document discusses various design elements used in articles, including negative space around images, a transparent background for the main image, left-aligned body text for readability, text split into 3 columns to avoid being text-heavy, a byline providing information about the article topic, captions providing information about images, a sans-serif headline in varying size and color to catch the eye, colored text highlighting the article subject, a drop cap highlighting the start of the article, and question-and-answer formatted text for easy following.