Office automation course by Muhammad Ehtisham Siddiqui

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2.  Define a computer
 List and describe the basic terms related to computer
 Identify and describe the different types of computer
 Identify and explain the different parts of computer
 Explain the working of computer
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3. A computer is an electronic device that manipulates
information, or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and
process data.
The different tasks performed by computer are as follows:
 Store, format and print text files.
 Write test and execute different types of software.
 Mathematical and statistical functions.
 Exchange electronic mails.
 Watch movies, Listen to movies and play games.
3Aptech Computer Education Presented by: Muhammad Ehtisham Siddiqui

4. The commonly used computer terminologies are describe as
follows.
 Hardware
 Software
 Operating System (OS)
 Data
 Information
 Workstation
 Booting
 Units of memory
 Units of speed
 Desktop
 Softcopy
 Hardcopy
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5. Over the years, computer have evolved in the term of speed,
power and memory.
The generations of computer are as follows:
 First generation of computer :- Vacuum Tubes (1940-1956)
 Second generation of computer :- Transistors (1956-1960)
 Third generation of computer :- Integrated Circuits (1964-1971)
 Forth generation of computer :- microprocessor chips(1971-Present)
 Fifth generation of computer:- Artificial Intelligence(2010-Present)
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6. The hardware and software components of computer works in
conjunction to perform the task specified by the users
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7. The hardware components of computer
 Motherboard
 CPU
 Input Devices
 Output Devices
 Storage Devices
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8. The motherboard is a printed circuit board that is the
foundation of a computer. It allocates power and allows
communication to the CPU, RAM, and all other
computer hardware components.
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9. The central processing unit (CPU) is the computer component
that's responsible for interpreting and executing most of the
commands from the computer's other hardware and software. It
usually called brain of computer
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10. An input device is any hardware device that sends data to a
computer, allowing you to interact with and control it.
The commonly used input devices are as follows.
 Keyboard
 Mouse
 Scanner
 Microphone
 Touch screen ,etc.
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11. A computer keyboard is one of the primary input devices used with a
computer that looks similar to those found on electric typewriters, but
with some additional keys. Keyboards allow you to
input letters, numbers, and other symbols into a computer that can
serve as commands or be used to type text.
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12. A computer mouse is a handheld hardware input device that
controls a cursor in a computer screen and can move and
select text, icons, files, and folders.
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13. A scanner is a device that captures images from photographic
prints, posters, magazine pages, and similar sources for
computer editing and display. Scanners come in hand-held,
feed-in, and flatbed types and for scanning black-and-white
only, or color.
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14. A device that converts sound waves into analogous electrical
waves. Usually called a "mic" or "mike," it contains a flexible
diaphragm composed of film or foil that vibrates as it makes
contact with the sound.
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15. An output device is any device used to send data from a
computer to another device or user. Most computer data output
that is meant for humans is in the form of audio or video. Thus,
most output devices used by humans are in these categories.
The commonly used input devices are as follows.
 Monitor
 Printer
 Speaker
 Headphone
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16. Monitors are very similar to televisions but usually display
information at a much higher resolution. Also unlike televisions,
monitors are not usually mounted on a wall but instead sit atop
a desk.
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Monitor Plasma Touch Screen OLED

17. A printer is an external hardware output device that takes the
electronic data stored on a computer or other device and
generates a hard copy of it.
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Laser Printer Inkjet Printer

18. Speakers are one of the most common output devices used with
computer systems. The purpose of speakers is to produce
audio output that can be heard by the listener.
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19. Headphones are small speakers that can be worn in or around your
ears. Traditional headphones have two ear cups attached by a
band that is placed over your head. Smaller headphones, often
called ear buds or earphones, are placed inside the outer part of
your ear canal.
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20. A storage-area network (SAN) is a dedicated high-
speed network (or subnetwork) that interconnects and presents
shared pools of storage devices to multiple servers.
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21. Network attached storage (NAS) is a dedicated server, also
referred to as an appliance, used for file storage and sharing.
NAS is a hard drive attached to a network, used for storage and
accessed through an assigned network address.
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22. Software is a set of instructions or programs instructing a
computer to do specific tasks. Software is a generic term used
to describe computer programs.
Computer programs can be classified in two categories
 System software
 The operating system (OS) is the best-known example of system
software.
 Application software
 Messenger, Calculator , Photoshop is the best-known example of system
software.
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 During the booting process main memory divides into 3
major sections
◦ OS Space
◦ Application Space
◦ User Data Space
 A computer perform the following processing functions in
order to generate output based on the given input
◦ Accepting the input
◦ Processing the input
◦ Presenting the output
◦ Storing the output

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