SCIENCE 4 Skeletal, Muscular, and Digestive Systems

1. Lesson 1: Our Body
Systems
Prepared by: Tr. Diane

2. A. Skeletal System
B. Muscular System
C. Caring for Our Skeletal and Muscular
Systems
D. Digestive System
E. Caring for our Digestive System

3. “Ten Bones”
My head bone is connected to my cheekbone
My cheekbone is connected to my jawbone
My jawbone is connected to my neck bone
Just like you and me.
Chorus:
Ten bones (4x) alive bones
Ten bones (4x) alive bones
Ten bones (4x) alive bones
Just like you and me
My neck bone is connected to my shoulder bone
My shoulder bone is connected to my chest bone
My chest bone is connected to my hipbone
Just like you and me.

5. Found inside our body
A hard structure made up of 206
bones joined to one another
A. Skeletal System
Characteristics of our Skeletal System

6. A. Skeletal System
Functions
1. Movement: Skeletal
system provides points of
attachment for muscles.
Your legs and arms move
when the muscles pull on
the bones.
2. Support: The backbone
is the main support
center for the upper
body. It holds your head
up and protects your
spinal cord.
Muscle attached to bones!!
A. Skeletal System

7. A. Skeletal System
Functions
3. Protection: The bones of
your skull protect your
brain. Your ribs protect
your lungs and heart
from injury.
4. Makes Blood: Red and
white blood cells are
formed by tissue called
marrow, which is in the
center of the bone.

8. A. Skeletal System
Functions
5. Storage: Bones
store minerals,
such as calcium and
phosphorus, for
use by the body

9. Bones (skeleton)
Joints
Cartilages
Ligaments (bone to bone); (tendon- bone
to muscle)
A. Skeletal System
Main Parts of our Skeletal System
Divided into two Divisions
Axial Skeleton- skull, spinal column
Appendicular skeleton- limbs and girdle

10. Skull
Gives our head its shape
Protects the brain
Made up of bones joined together to form
a kind of helmet
Ribcage
Protects our heart and lungs
Made up curved bones called ribs.(joined
to the breastbone and the spine)
Axial Skeleton

11. Skull Ribcage

12. Vertebral column
Vertebrae
separated by
intervertebral discs
made of cartilage
The spine has a
normal S curvature
Each vertebrae is
given a name
according to its
location

13. Activity 1.2 “Bone Movements”

14. A joint, or articulation, is the place
where two bones come together.
Allow us to move in different ways.
Types of Joints
1. Hinge- allows extension and
retraction of appendage (Elbow, Knee)
2. Ball-and-Socket – allows us to
swing our arm in circles and for radial
movement in almost any direction
(shoulders, hip)
JOINTS

15. Hinge Ball-and-socket

16. 3. Pivot Joint- is located
between the bones in
your neck below your
skull and lets you turn
your head from left to
right. It is a joint in which
a bone rotates around
another. (neck joint)

17. Fixed or Immovable Joint
They are seams between bones that lie
directly against each other, or are separated
only by a thin layer of connective tissue*.
(example: joints of the cranium)
*connective tissues are tough and tensile materials
that connects bones to bones (ligaments) and
muscle to bones (tendons)

18. Assignment
Do page 1, Act. 1.1: “Bony Fun” of your
My Pals are Here Act. Book 4A.

19. My head bone is connected to my cheekbone
My cheekbone is connected to my jawbone
My jawbone is connected to my neck bone
Just like you and me.
Chorus:
Ten bones (4x) alive bones
Ten bones (4x) alive bones
Ten bones (4x) alive bones
Just like you and me
My neck bone is connected to my shoulder
bone
My shoulder bone is connected to my chest
bone
My chest bone is connected to my hipbone
Just like you and me.
Head bone – cranial bone
Cheekbone – frontal bone
Jawbone – mandible
Neck bone – atlas
Shoulder bone – scapula
Chest bone – sternum
Hipbone - pelvis

20. Disorders of the Skeletal
System
Rickets- is a rare childhood disease
characterized by numerous bone
deformities due to deficiency of the
active form of vitamin D that prevents
absorption of calcium and phosphorus
through the intestines.
Bones remain soft and distorted.

21. Disorders cont’n.
Arthritis- disease of the joints which
causes a lot of pain, stiffness, and
swelling joints.
Osteoporosis- disorder of bone
formation in which there is lack of
normal calcium deposits and a decrease
in the bone protein. The bones become
fragile and break easily.

22. Disorders cont’n.
Osteomyelitis or Bone marrow inflammation-
caused by fever-including bacteria or mold
organism. Sometimes there is redness and
swelling in the tissue above the inflamed bone.
Bone tumor- an overgrowth of bone tissue with
many cysts and shallow spaces in the affected
part.
Scoliosis- an abnormal curving of the vertebral
column or spine.

23. Common Injuries of the
Skeletal System
Fracture
Is a broken bone
Sprain
A sudden twist or turn of joints that causes
the ligaments to stretch too much
Bone Dislocation
Occurs when the end of the bone is forced
out of its normal position in a joint

24. First-Aid Treatment for Bone
Injuries
In case of a fracture, do the following:
Don not move the injured person if possible.
Do a cold compress by applying cold cloth or an ice bas
on the injured part.
For a broken arm or leg, put the injured part in a
straight and natural position before applying a splint
If the back, head or neck is injured great care should be
taken in moving the victim.
If the fracture of bone pierces the skin, cover the
wound with sterile dressing.
Call an ambulance and take the victim to a doctor.

25. Review Test with Spelling

26. Activity 2.1 “A Simple Yarn”

27. B. Muscular System
Did you know that ?
- You take approximately 5 million steps per year using
your leg muscles.
- It takes only 17 muscles in your face to smile, but it
takes 43 muscles to frown
- The strongest muscle of the body is the masseter
muscle used for chewing
- John Cena, a famous Wrestler, has as many muscle
fibers as you have; his are just thicker.
- If all your muscles could pull in one direction, you
could create a force of 25 tons.
- The stapedius is the smallest muscle found in the
inner ear.

28. Characteristics
B. Muscular System
Muscles are thick, stretchy bands that
cover our skeleton.
They are attached to the bones and pull
on them to make them move.
Muscles often work in pairs. Muscles
cause bones and supported structures
to move by alternating between
contraction and relaxation.

29. B. Muscular System
Muscle has the
ability to contract,
permitting muscles
to perform various
functions
Functions:
Movement
Stability
Control of body
openings and
passages
Heat production

30. When one muscle contracts to pull the
bone, its partner muscle relaxes.

31. Activity: “Muscle Puzzle”
pp. 2-3 of your My Pals are Here
Activity Book 4A

32. Assignment
Do pages 4-5 Activity 1.3: “Working
together to achieve movement” of your
My Pals Are Here Act. Book 4A

33. Activity 2.3 “Having a Good
Posture”

34. Muscle Disorders and Injuries
Cramps
is best described as an involuntary and
painful contraction of a muscle that does
not loosen up.
Causes: muscle fatigue, heat, dehydration
and electrolyte depletion

35. Muscle Disorders and Injuries
Strain
Is a technical term for a muscle pull which
means overstretching of the fiber within
the muscles.
This causes muscle fibers to actually start
to tear.

36. Muscle Disorders and Injuries
Muscle bruise
Occurs when the muscle bumps against a
hard object, or when the muscle receives a
blow.
Treatment: hot compress, avoiding
movement that causes pain, and elevating
the limb to minimize swelling

37. Muscle Disorders and Injuries
Tetanus
Is a caused by a toxin released by the
bacterium Clostridium tetani, that invades
the body through deep, unsterilized
puncture wounds.

38. Muscle Disorders and Injuries
Poliomyelitis (Polio)
a serious infection caused by a virus that
may enter the mouth or nose
it travels into the blood and into the
intestines
it may result in paralysis

39. C. Caring for our Skeletal and
Muscular Systems
Have a balanced diet to keep bones and
muscles strong
Drinking milk is good for the bones.
Eating lean meat is good for our
muscles.
Exercise regularly.

40. Assignment
Be ready for a review test about
Skeletal and Muscular Systems

41. Project Details
Research three (3) famous personalities
who are physically challenged then
prepare a report about it to be
presented in the class.

42. Activity “Digestion in the
Mouth”

43. D. Digestive System
Digestion- the breaking down of food
into smaller components that can be
more easily absorbed and assimilated
by the body.

44. Path of food through the digestive
system:
1. Mouth
The teeth in our mouth chew and grind the
food into smaller pieces with the help of
saliva that slightly digests the food and makes
it soft enough to swallow.
2. Gullet/Esophagus
Food not fully digested goes down this tube
into the stomach

45. Path of food through the digestive
system:
3. Stomach
Here, the food is crushed further and mixed
with digestive juices. After 2-4 hours, it looks
like a thick soup.
4. Small Intestine
More digestive juices are added to the food.
This is where digestion of food is completed.
He blood then carries the digested food
substances to different parts of the body.

46. Path of food through the digestive
system:
5. Large Intestine
Undigested food goes here and most of the
water is removed from the food. The
undigested food is then passed out of the body
as waste through an opening called the anus.

47. Activity: Chewing and
Swallowing

48. Assignment
Activity: ”It Takes Guts” on p. 8 of your
My Pals are Here Activity Book 4A

49. E. Caring for our Digestive
System
Aiding digestion
Making sure that the food we eat is
safe
Store food properly
Be careful in handling and eating
food

50. Activity : Caring for Our
Digestive System
pp.9-10 of your My Pals are Here Act.
Book 4A

51. Assignment
Review all previous lessons: Skeletal,
Muscular, Digestive Systems including
the diseases and injuries related to
these and how to take care each
system. Be ready for a Summative Test
on ____________