This document discusses interpersonal relationships and the Johari window model. It defines interpersonal relationships as social and emotional interactions between individuals. The Johari window model devised by Luft and Ingham in 1955 is used to improve self-awareness and mutual understanding within groups. The model represents four quadrants of self-knowledge: open self, blind self, hidden self, and unknown self. It can be used to assess and improve relationships both within and between groups.
This document discusses human relations in nursing. It begins by introducing the importance of human relations in healthcare professions like nursing, as nurses constantly interact with patients, families, colleagues and other staff. It then defines human relations as the integration of people in a work situation to motivate productive and cooperative work.
The document further discusses the dimensions of human relations in nursing, which include nurse-patient relationships, nurse-family relationships, nurse-health team relationships, and nurse-community relationships. It provides details on each of these relationship types and the principles of communication within them. Finally, it discusses strategies to promote effective human relations, like understanding oneself and others, and exhibiting positive social behavior and attitudes.
This document provides information about interpersonal relationships including:
- Definitions of interpersonal relationships and the dynamics between two or more individuals.
- The purposes of interpersonal relationships for individuals, nurses, and patients which include personal growth, security, and trust.
- The types of interpersonal relationships like family, friendship, and professional relationships.
- The phases of interpersonal relationships including orientation, identification, exploitation, and resolution.
- Barriers to interpersonal relationships such as personal, social, and situational factors and methods to overcome them.
- An explanation of the Johari Window model for self-awareness and improving understanding between individuals or groups.
This document discusses interpersonal relationships in nursing. It defines interpersonal relationships as reciprocal interactions between individuals that involve sharing goals and interests. The document outlines Peplau's model of the nurse-patient relationship, which includes four phases: preinteraction, orientation, working, and termination. It describes the goals and processes of each phase. Additionally, the document lists principles for maintaining interpersonal relationships, such as respecting individuality and keeping emotions in check. It discusses characteristics like trust and empathy that facilitate positive relationships and barriers that can interfere with relationships, such as cultural differences or lack of time.
Process recording is a method where students record all verbal and non-verbal communications during a patient interview. It has four parts: verbatim dialogue, feelings and reactions, observations and analysis, and final comments. The verbatim dialogue provides a clear picture of the student-patient exchange. Feelings and reactions demonstrate the student's affective responses. Observations and analysis allow students to critically think about the patient's words and behavior. Final comments provide feedback from the clinical instructor. The purpose is to help students conceptualize activities, improve writing and self-awareness, and identify strengths and weaknesses. Advantages include differentiating thoughts and feelings, while disadvantages include time consumption for instructors.
This document discusses human relations and its importance in nursing. Human relations refers to the relationships between people, including nurse-patient relationships, nurse-health team relationships, and nurse-community relationships. It involves communication, self-awareness, trust, and conflict resolution. Understanding human relations is important for providing quality patient care through collaborative relationships among nurses and other healthcare professionals.
This document discusses interpersonal relationships and their importance in nursing. It defines interpersonal relationships as reciprocal interactions between individuals that involve sharing common interests and goals. Nursing requires an association between nurses and patients to facilitate therapeutic care. The document then examines interpersonal relationships for individuals, nurses, and patients in terms of benefits like personal growth, trust, and improved socialization and health outcomes. It also categorizes different types of relationships and discusses models for understanding nurse-patient relationships. Barriers to interpersonal relationships are described along with methods for overcoming issues like lack of communication, compatibility and cultural diversity. Finally, the Johari Window model for self-awareness and improving mutual understanding between individuals is explained.
This document discusses interpersonal relationships and the Johari window model. It defines interpersonal relationships as social and emotional interactions between individuals. The Johari window model devised by Luft and Ingham in 1955 is used to improve self-awareness and mutual understanding within groups. The model represents four quadrants of self-knowledge: open self, blind self, hidden self, and unknown self. It can be used to assess and improve relationships both within and between groups.
This document discusses human relations in nursing. It begins by introducing the importance of human relations in healthcare professions like nursing, as nurses constantly interact with patients, families, colleagues and other staff. It then defines human relations as the integration of people in a work situation to motivate productive and cooperative work.
The document further discusses the dimensions of human relations in nursing, which include nurse-patient relationships, nurse-family relationships, nurse-health team relationships, and nurse-community relationships. It provides details on each of these relationship types and the principles of communication within them. Finally, it discusses strategies to promote effective human relations, like understanding oneself and others, and exhibiting positive social behavior and attitudes.
This document provides information about interpersonal relationships including:
- Definitions of interpersonal relationships and the dynamics between two or more individuals.
- The purposes of interpersonal relationships for individuals, nurses, and patients which include personal growth, security, and trust.
- The types of interpersonal relationships like family, friendship, and professional relationships.
- The phases of interpersonal relationships including orientation, identification, exploitation, and resolution.
- Barriers to interpersonal relationships such as personal, social, and situational factors and methods to overcome them.
- An explanation of the Johari Window model for self-awareness and improving understanding between individuals or groups.
This document discusses interpersonal relationships in nursing. It defines interpersonal relationships as reciprocal interactions between individuals that involve sharing goals and interests. The document outlines Peplau's model of the nurse-patient relationship, which includes four phases: preinteraction, orientation, working, and termination. It describes the goals and processes of each phase. Additionally, the document lists principles for maintaining interpersonal relationships, such as respecting individuality and keeping emotions in check. It discusses characteristics like trust and empathy that facilitate positive relationships and barriers that can interfere with relationships, such as cultural differences or lack of time.
Process recording is a method where students record all verbal and non-verbal communications during a patient interview. It has four parts: verbatim dialogue, feelings and reactions, observations and analysis, and final comments. The verbatim dialogue provides a clear picture of the student-patient exchange. Feelings and reactions demonstrate the student's affective responses. Observations and analysis allow students to critically think about the patient's words and behavior. Final comments provide feedback from the clinical instructor. The purpose is to help students conceptualize activities, improve writing and self-awareness, and identify strengths and weaknesses. Advantages include differentiating thoughts and feelings, while disadvantages include time consumption for instructors.
This document discusses human relations and its importance in nursing. Human relations refers to the relationships between people, including nurse-patient relationships, nurse-health team relationships, and nurse-community relationships. It involves communication, self-awareness, trust, and conflict resolution. Understanding human relations is important for providing quality patient care through collaborative relationships among nurses and other healthcare professionals.
This document discusses interpersonal relationships and their importance in nursing. It defines interpersonal relationships as reciprocal interactions between individuals that involve sharing common interests and goals. Nursing requires an association between nurses and patients to facilitate therapeutic care. The document then examines interpersonal relationships for individuals, nurses, and patients in terms of benefits like personal growth, trust, and improved socialization and health outcomes. It also categorizes different types of relationships and discusses models for understanding nurse-patient relationships. Barriers to interpersonal relationships are described along with methods for overcoming issues like lack of communication, compatibility and cultural diversity. Finally, the Johari Window model for self-awareness and improving mutual understanding between individuals is explained.
This document provides an overview of sociological concepts related to the individual and society. It discusses how man is a social being that cannot exist without society. Society shapes our identity, thoughts and emotions through socialization and the process of learning norms. Socialization occurs through factors like imitation, suggestion, identification and language. Agencies of socialization include the family, school, peers, church and state. Individualization is the process by which people develop their own identity and autonomy. It can occur through learning differences from others, developing self-awareness, attachments to objects, and introspection. Personal disorganization represents when an individual deviates from social norms in a way that disrupts their adjustment to society.
The document provides an overview of the Johari Window model, which was developed in 1955 by psychologists Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham to illustrate self-awareness and understanding between individuals and groups. The model represents information about a person in four quadrants based on what is known to the person and others: open self (known to self and others), blindspot (known to others but not self), facade (known to self but not others), and unknown (unknown to self and others). The document outlines the origins and founders of the model, how it can be used, what each quadrant represents, potential drawbacks, and concludes by inviting questions.
This document discusses group dynamics and the role of group leaders. It defines group dynamics as the social processes and interaction between individuals in small groups. It describes the five stages of group development: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. As a group leader, understanding group dynamics is important for composing and guiding the group to successfully complete tasks. The nurse manager's role includes supervising staff performance, improving quality of care, achieving organizational goals, and addressing problems to guide the group.
This document discusses interpersonal relationships, including their definition, importance, types, phases of development, and barriers. Interpersonal relationships refer to social and emotional interactions between two or more individuals and are important for personal growth, enjoyment, security, and identity. The main types include friendship, family, professional relationships, love, and marriage. Relationships develop through phases of orientation, identification, exploitation, and resolution. Barriers to strong interpersonal relationships can be situational like distance or time, personal like insecurity or poor communication, or sociocultural like differences in culture, language, or social groups.
A bedside clinic involves a clinical teacher and learners examining a patient together at the bedside to elicit physical signs, discuss diagnoses and treatment plans. It serves several purposes for nursing students, including portraying a patient's nursing problems and care plan, improving care quality, developing students' observation and problem-solving skills. The bedside clinic process involves introduction, discussion, and evaluation phases. It provides advantages like allowing students to extensively prepare for and review clinical practice, but also has disadvantages like potential encumbrance of patients and lack of standardization.
The document discusses therapeutic communication, which refers to communication between nurses and patients that aims to identify health issues and plan interventions. It defines therapeutic communication and outlines its goals of establishing relationships and assessing patient needs. The communication process involves senders, receivers, messages and feedback. Therapeutic techniques discussed include active listening, open-ended questions, reflecting, focusing and sharing perceptions. Non-therapeutic techniques that should be avoided are also identified.
Communication is the exchange of information between individuals through common symbols. It has several purposes in healthcare including collecting data, initiating interventions, and evaluating outcomes. There are different levels of communication ranging from casual acquaintances to close friends. Effective communication requires skills like active listening, empathy, and maintaining confidentiality. Barriers can occur at physiological, psychological, environmental, and cultural levels. Maintaining good nurse-patient relationships and providing effective patient teaching are important aspects of communication in healthcare.
The Johari Window model represents the degree of openness between individuals based on what they know about themselves and what others know about them. It divides information into four quadrants: the open area which is known by both the individual and others, the blind area which is unknown to the individual but known to others, the hidden area which is known to the individual but hidden from others, and the unknown area which is unknown to both. The model was developed in 1955 by American psychologists Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham to study group dynamics and is now used to improve self-awareness, communication, and relationships between individuals and groups.
Pimps, brokers, brothel keepers.
The covert prostitute:
Those
who practice prostitution secretly without living in
brothels.
Call
girls, street walkers, bar dancers.
The occasional prostitute:
Women
who occasionally sell their body for money or kind
when in need.
Domestic
servants, factory workers, hostesses.
EFFECTS OF PROSTITUTION
On the prostitute:
Physical
and mental health problems.
Social
ostrac
Mr. Aaron S. Gogate holds a B.BSc in Nursing. The document defines counseling as a method that helps clients solve problems and manage stress through guidance. It aims to help individuals understand themselves, gain insight, change behaviors, and fulfill their potential. Counseling must maintain principles like confidentiality, tolerance, and voluntariness. Counselors should be self-aware, open-minded, trustworthy, and approach clients in a warm, respectful manner focused on understanding their perspective. The document outlines various counseling approaches, tools, and types.
This document discusses interpersonal relationships and the nurse's role in developing effective relationships with patients. It defines interpersonal relationships and outlines principles and characteristics of good relationships, including effective communication, respect, trust and empathy. The document also describes stages of interpersonal relationships, factors that affect nurse-patient relationships, and therapeutic techniques to improve relationships, such as active listening, clarifying, and using open-ended questions. Finally, it outlines the primary roles of nurses in developing relationships with patients, such as being a teacher, counselor, or surrogate, and discusses the importance of interpersonal relationships for nursing care.
Nursing is defined as assisting individuals in activities contributing to health or its recovery. The document outlines the basic principles of nursing including safety, therapeutic effectiveness, and comfort. It discusses the objectives of nursing education which are to provide expert bedside care, integrate theory and practice, and develop skills and personality. The concepts of nursing include promoting health, preventing disease, assisting healing, and easing suffering. The qualities of a nurse include being caring, adaptable, hardworking, and having good communication skills and judgment. The document also discusses the functions and philosophy of nursing as both an art and a science.
This document discusses assessment in nursing education. It begins with definitions of assessment, including that it is a systematic process of gathering and interpreting data related to student learning. The purposes of assessment are then outlined, such as to provide feedback to students, determine students' level of knowledge, and evaluate teaching effectiveness. The document also differentiates between formative and summative assessment. Various assessment tools and techniques are classified and described in detail, including essay questions, short answer questions, multiple choice questions, observation checklists, and rating scales. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique are provided.
This document discusses personal disorganization and its causes and consequences. It defines personal disorganization as behavior that deviates from social norms. It identifies four factors that can disturb an individual's life pattern: biological, environmental, insecurity of status/role, and social crises. There are typically three stages of personal disorganization - initially trying to find a solution, then potential instability, and finally potential permanent maladjustment. Types of personal disorganization include sex offenses, prostitution, alcoholism/drug addiction, and juvenile delinquency. Consequences include conflicts within one's personality, impacts on family roles/dynamics, potential insanity or mental illness, and in extreme cases, suicide.
The document discusses codes of ethics and professional conduct for nurses. It outlines several key principles for nursing ethics, including respecting patient autonomy and uniqueness, maintaining confidentiality, being competent and accountable, working as part of a team, and advancing the nursing profession. The code emphasizes nurses' responsibilities to prioritize patient care, obtain informed consent, and make ethical decisions. It also addresses legal issues in nursing practice and the importance of assertiveness, accountability, and visibility for the profession.
Maintenance of therapeutic environment in OTAdarsh SA
Therapeutic environment can be defined as the total of all external conditions and influences affecting an individual in the illness situation.Infection prevention in the operating room is achieved through prudent use of aseptic techniques in order to prevent contamination of the open wound.
Isolate the operating site from the surrounding unsterile physical environment.
Create and maintain a sterile field in which surgery can be performed safely.
Unit -I : Community Health IntroductionSMVDCoN ,J&K
Special field of nursing that combines the skill of nursing, public health and same phase of social assistance and function as part of the total public health program for the promotion of health, the improvement of the condition in the social & physical environment, rehabilitation of illness & Disability.
3. characteristics of mentally healthy person by S.Lakshmanan PsychologistLAKSHMANAN S
A mentally healthy person:
1. Knows their strengths and weaknesses and has the ability to adjust to changing circumstances.
2. Is emotionally mature and stable, able to healthily express and control their emotions.
3. Is socially well-adjusted and able to get along with others.
4. Thinks independently, can make decisions, and lives in reality rather than fantasy.
The health illness continuum is a model proposed by John Travis in 1972 to illustrate that well-being incorporates both physical and mental health, not just the absence of illness. It depicts two arrows pointing in opposite directions, with movement right indicating increased health through awareness, education and growth, and left showing decreasing health through signs, symptoms and disability. The individual's outlook determines their direction - optimistic facing increased health or pessimistic facing premature death. It also compares treatment stopping at neutral versus wellness promoting movement past neutral through lifestyle changes.
The document discusses interpersonal relationships, which involve social connections between two or more people. Interpersonal relationships can range from casual acquaintances to intimate relationships between friends, family members or romantic partners. The stages of interpersonal relationships typically involve initial contact, involvement, intimacy and potential deterioration. Effective communication is important for maintaining relationships, as over 90% of failed relationships result from a lack of honest communication.
There are three basic ego states in transactional analysis: Parent, Adult, and Child. Transactions can occur between any two of these states. The nine possible transactions are Parent-Parent, Parent-Adult, Parent-Child, Adult-Parent, Adult-Adult, Adult-Child, Child-Parent, Child-Adult, and Child-Child. Transactions are classified as either complementary or crossed, with complementary transactions indicating healthy relationships and crossed transactions often causing difficulties.
This document provides an overview of sociological concepts related to the individual and society. It discusses how man is a social being that cannot exist without society. Society shapes our identity, thoughts and emotions through socialization and the process of learning norms. Socialization occurs through factors like imitation, suggestion, identification and language. Agencies of socialization include the family, school, peers, church and state. Individualization is the process by which people develop their own identity and autonomy. It can occur through learning differences from others, developing self-awareness, attachments to objects, and introspection. Personal disorganization represents when an individual deviates from social norms in a way that disrupts their adjustment to society.
The document provides an overview of the Johari Window model, which was developed in 1955 by psychologists Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham to illustrate self-awareness and understanding between individuals and groups. The model represents information about a person in four quadrants based on what is known to the person and others: open self (known to self and others), blindspot (known to others but not self), facade (known to self but not others), and unknown (unknown to self and others). The document outlines the origins and founders of the model, how it can be used, what each quadrant represents, potential drawbacks, and concludes by inviting questions.
This document discusses group dynamics and the role of group leaders. It defines group dynamics as the social processes and interaction between individuals in small groups. It describes the five stages of group development: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. As a group leader, understanding group dynamics is important for composing and guiding the group to successfully complete tasks. The nurse manager's role includes supervising staff performance, improving quality of care, achieving organizational goals, and addressing problems to guide the group.
This document discusses interpersonal relationships, including their definition, importance, types, phases of development, and barriers. Interpersonal relationships refer to social and emotional interactions between two or more individuals and are important for personal growth, enjoyment, security, and identity. The main types include friendship, family, professional relationships, love, and marriage. Relationships develop through phases of orientation, identification, exploitation, and resolution. Barriers to strong interpersonal relationships can be situational like distance or time, personal like insecurity or poor communication, or sociocultural like differences in culture, language, or social groups.
A bedside clinic involves a clinical teacher and learners examining a patient together at the bedside to elicit physical signs, discuss diagnoses and treatment plans. It serves several purposes for nursing students, including portraying a patient's nursing problems and care plan, improving care quality, developing students' observation and problem-solving skills. The bedside clinic process involves introduction, discussion, and evaluation phases. It provides advantages like allowing students to extensively prepare for and review clinical practice, but also has disadvantages like potential encumbrance of patients and lack of standardization.
The document discusses therapeutic communication, which refers to communication between nurses and patients that aims to identify health issues and plan interventions. It defines therapeutic communication and outlines its goals of establishing relationships and assessing patient needs. The communication process involves senders, receivers, messages and feedback. Therapeutic techniques discussed include active listening, open-ended questions, reflecting, focusing and sharing perceptions. Non-therapeutic techniques that should be avoided are also identified.
Communication is the exchange of information between individuals through common symbols. It has several purposes in healthcare including collecting data, initiating interventions, and evaluating outcomes. There are different levels of communication ranging from casual acquaintances to close friends. Effective communication requires skills like active listening, empathy, and maintaining confidentiality. Barriers can occur at physiological, psychological, environmental, and cultural levels. Maintaining good nurse-patient relationships and providing effective patient teaching are important aspects of communication in healthcare.
The Johari Window model represents the degree of openness between individuals based on what they know about themselves and what others know about them. It divides information into four quadrants: the open area which is known by both the individual and others, the blind area which is unknown to the individual but known to others, the hidden area which is known to the individual but hidden from others, and the unknown area which is unknown to both. The model was developed in 1955 by American psychologists Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham to study group dynamics and is now used to improve self-awareness, communication, and relationships between individuals and groups.
Pimps, brokers, brothel keepers.
The covert prostitute:
Those
who practice prostitution secretly without living in
brothels.
Call
girls, street walkers, bar dancers.
The occasional prostitute:
Women
who occasionally sell their body for money or kind
when in need.
Domestic
servants, factory workers, hostesses.
EFFECTS OF PROSTITUTION
On the prostitute:
Physical
and mental health problems.
Social
ostrac
Mr. Aaron S. Gogate holds a B.BSc in Nursing. The document defines counseling as a method that helps clients solve problems and manage stress through guidance. It aims to help individuals understand themselves, gain insight, change behaviors, and fulfill their potential. Counseling must maintain principles like confidentiality, tolerance, and voluntariness. Counselors should be self-aware, open-minded, trustworthy, and approach clients in a warm, respectful manner focused on understanding their perspective. The document outlines various counseling approaches, tools, and types.
This document discusses interpersonal relationships and the nurse's role in developing effective relationships with patients. It defines interpersonal relationships and outlines principles and characteristics of good relationships, including effective communication, respect, trust and empathy. The document also describes stages of interpersonal relationships, factors that affect nurse-patient relationships, and therapeutic techniques to improve relationships, such as active listening, clarifying, and using open-ended questions. Finally, it outlines the primary roles of nurses in developing relationships with patients, such as being a teacher, counselor, or surrogate, and discusses the importance of interpersonal relationships for nursing care.
Nursing is defined as assisting individuals in activities contributing to health or its recovery. The document outlines the basic principles of nursing including safety, therapeutic effectiveness, and comfort. It discusses the objectives of nursing education which are to provide expert bedside care, integrate theory and practice, and develop skills and personality. The concepts of nursing include promoting health, preventing disease, assisting healing, and easing suffering. The qualities of a nurse include being caring, adaptable, hardworking, and having good communication skills and judgment. The document also discusses the functions and philosophy of nursing as both an art and a science.
This document discusses assessment in nursing education. It begins with definitions of assessment, including that it is a systematic process of gathering and interpreting data related to student learning. The purposes of assessment are then outlined, such as to provide feedback to students, determine students' level of knowledge, and evaluate teaching effectiveness. The document also differentiates between formative and summative assessment. Various assessment tools and techniques are classified and described in detail, including essay questions, short answer questions, multiple choice questions, observation checklists, and rating scales. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique are provided.
This document discusses personal disorganization and its causes and consequences. It defines personal disorganization as behavior that deviates from social norms. It identifies four factors that can disturb an individual's life pattern: biological, environmental, insecurity of status/role, and social crises. There are typically three stages of personal disorganization - initially trying to find a solution, then potential instability, and finally potential permanent maladjustment. Types of personal disorganization include sex offenses, prostitution, alcoholism/drug addiction, and juvenile delinquency. Consequences include conflicts within one's personality, impacts on family roles/dynamics, potential insanity or mental illness, and in extreme cases, suicide.
The document discusses codes of ethics and professional conduct for nurses. It outlines several key principles for nursing ethics, including respecting patient autonomy and uniqueness, maintaining confidentiality, being competent and accountable, working as part of a team, and advancing the nursing profession. The code emphasizes nurses' responsibilities to prioritize patient care, obtain informed consent, and make ethical decisions. It also addresses legal issues in nursing practice and the importance of assertiveness, accountability, and visibility for the profession.
Maintenance of therapeutic environment in OTAdarsh SA
Therapeutic environment can be defined as the total of all external conditions and influences affecting an individual in the illness situation.Infection prevention in the operating room is achieved through prudent use of aseptic techniques in order to prevent contamination of the open wound.
Isolate the operating site from the surrounding unsterile physical environment.
Create and maintain a sterile field in which surgery can be performed safely.
Unit -I : Community Health IntroductionSMVDCoN ,J&K
Special field of nursing that combines the skill of nursing, public health and same phase of social assistance and function as part of the total public health program for the promotion of health, the improvement of the condition in the social & physical environment, rehabilitation of illness & Disability.
3. characteristics of mentally healthy person by S.Lakshmanan PsychologistLAKSHMANAN S
A mentally healthy person:
1. Knows their strengths and weaknesses and has the ability to adjust to changing circumstances.
2. Is emotionally mature and stable, able to healthily express and control their emotions.
3. Is socially well-adjusted and able to get along with others.
4. Thinks independently, can make decisions, and lives in reality rather than fantasy.
The health illness continuum is a model proposed by John Travis in 1972 to illustrate that well-being incorporates both physical and mental health, not just the absence of illness. It depicts two arrows pointing in opposite directions, with movement right indicating increased health through awareness, education and growth, and left showing decreasing health through signs, symptoms and disability. The individual's outlook determines their direction - optimistic facing increased health or pessimistic facing premature death. It also compares treatment stopping at neutral versus wellness promoting movement past neutral through lifestyle changes.
The document discusses interpersonal relationships, which involve social connections between two or more people. Interpersonal relationships can range from casual acquaintances to intimate relationships between friends, family members or romantic partners. The stages of interpersonal relationships typically involve initial contact, involvement, intimacy and potential deterioration. Effective communication is important for maintaining relationships, as over 90% of failed relationships result from a lack of honest communication.
There are three basic ego states in transactional analysis: Parent, Adult, and Child. Transactions can occur between any two of these states. The nine possible transactions are Parent-Parent, Parent-Adult, Parent-Child, Adult-Parent, Adult-Adult, Adult-Child, Child-Parent, Child-Adult, and Child-Child. Transactions are classified as either complementary or crossed, with complementary transactions indicating healthy relationships and crossed transactions often causing difficulties.
I'm OK, You're OK, by Thomas A Harris MD, is one of the best selling self-help books ever published. It is a practical guide to Transactional Analysis as a method for solving problems in life. From its first publication during 1967, the popularity of I'm OK, You're OK gradually increased until, during 1972, its name made the New York Times Best Seller list and remained there for almost two years. It is estimated by the publisher to have sold over 15 million copies to date and to have been translated into over a dozen languages
The document describes a patient's activities of daily living before and during hospitalization. It discusses the patient's health perceptions, nutritional patterns, elimination patterns, activity levels, sleep patterns, cognitive functioning, self-concept, family roles, stress coping mechanisms, sexual history, and religious beliefs. The patient viewed himself as healthy but able to work, but now in the hospital feels less healthy. His routines have changed in the hospital, including following the hospital diet and engaging in limited physical activity. He is oriented but experiences confusion during seizure attacks. He views hospitalization positively and is well-supported by his family.
This document discusses definitions of personality from various sources and factors that influence personality development. It provides definitions of personality from Mackinnon, Cattell, and others that describe personality as factors that influence behavior and make people unique. It also notes that individuals are unique, behave differently in situations, but there is commonality in human behavior. Personality development involves improving traits like communication skills and attitudes through integrity, interpersonal skills, and positive attitude.
The document discusses the application of interpersonal relations theory in nursing practice, education, and research. It describes the 4 phases of the theory - orientation, identification, exploitation, and resolution - and how they can be applied through the nursing process. It provides examples of how the theory has been used in different areas of nursing including patient education, counseling, and end-of-life care. It recommends using the theory as a framework for research studies and incorporating it into nursing education and various areas of clinical practice.
This document describes Gordon's 11 Functional Health Patterns, which are used to organize client health data. The patterns include health perception/management, nutritional-metabolic, elimination, activity-exercise, cognitive-perceptual, sleep-rest, self-perception, role-relationship, sexuality-reproductive, coping/stress tolerance, and values-beliefs. Each pattern describes an area of client health and provides examples of related data that would be assessed.
Values are standards that societies use to judge what is desirable or undesirable. They provide purpose and direction in people's lives and give meaning to society. There are several theories about the origin of values, including that they come from inner mental processes, external reinforcement, or cultural influences. Filipino values include concepts like utang na loob, bahala na, and pakikisama that guide behaviors and social interactions.
A genetic marker is a gene or DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome that can be used to identify individuals or species that can be described as a variation (i.e. mutation or alteration in the genomic loci) that can be observed. It may be a short DNA sequence, such as a sequence surrounding a single base-pair change (single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP), or a long one, like minisatellites (SSR).
This document outlines a framework for values education in the Philippines. It discusses the philosophical understanding of the human person that the framework is based on, describing humans as physical, spiritual, intellectual, moral, social, economic and political beings. The framework aims to develop students who are self-actualized, socially responsible, productive citizens committed to nationalism and global solidarity. It identifies key values like health, truth, love, spirituality, social responsibility, economic efficiency and nationalism. The framework guides the development of values education programs at all levels with principles like focusing on the total development of students and recognizing the role of families.
This document discusses kapwa, a core concept in Filipino psychology according to Virgilio Enriquez. Kapwa refers to a sense of shared identity or togetherness where one does not see others as strangers. It is considered the core value of Filipino culture. There are two categories of kapwa - ibang tao (outsider) and hindi ibang tao (one-of-us). Pakikisama, an important Filipino trait, refers to the ability to get along with others and maintain harmonious relationships through camaraderie and togetherness. It requires sacrificing individual interests for the group.
This document discusses key concepts in human relations, including definitions of human relations, understanding self, social behavior, social attitudes, motivation, individuals and groups, and group dynamics. It provides definitions of human relations and examines human relations in the context of nursing. It explores understanding self, including strategies to improve self-understanding using the Johari window model. Factors that influence social behavior and how social attitudes form and change are also summarized. Theories of motivation, such as Maslow's hierarchy of needs, are overviewed. Characteristics and types of groups are defined and the roles of individuals within groups are described. The document examines group dynamics, outlining aspects such as group formation, communication, and stages of group development.
Hildegard Peplau was the first nursing theorist published in over a century. She created the nursing theory of Interpersonal Relations, which focused on the nurse-patient relationship and revolutionized nursing as a scholarly discipline. Peplau drew from her experiences as a nurse and student of psychology to develop a theory based on empirical evidence from analyzing nurse-patient interactions. Her theory established concepts of nursing roles, phases of the relationship, and techniques like process recording that are still used in nursing education today.
The document outlines several activities and exercises to promote positive interpersonal relationships and collaboration among students. The goals are to discover and respect others, build friendship, address fears, and teach students how to work together effectively. Activities include discussing qualities of a good friend, solving a dilemma about including a lonely classmate, getting to know classmates, identifying fears, and playing a game where students must collaborate to correctly spell words before the other team.
This document provides an overview of the nursing process. It begins by outlining the objectives of understanding the nursing process, its characteristics, benefits, and phases. It then defines the nursing process as a modified scientific method used to assess client needs and develop a care plan. The key phases are described as assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Assessment involves collecting client data, nursing diagnosis identifies responses to health issues, planning develops the care approach, implementation provides care, and evaluation assesses effectiveness. The document explains each phase in further detail.
This presentation discusses sexual abuse against women. It defines sexual abuse and harassment and outlines various types including rape, sexual assault within marriage, prostitution/trafficking, pornography, and workplace harassment. Common myths about sexual abuse are debunked. The legal rights of women in India are discussed, including the Vishaka Guidelines and Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act. The role of the National Commission for Women and challenges in creating further awareness are presented.
This document discusses several important medico-legal issues that triage nurses need to be aware of, including: obtaining informed consent, duty of care, negligence, documentation, confidentiality, and preserving forensic evidence. The triage nurse must be knowledgeable, skilled, educated, professional and accountable. They use tools like the Australasian Triage Scale, physiological discriminators, and local policies/protocols. Triage involves assessing patients in a chaotic environment with many factors that can increase risk. Proper documentation, obtaining consent, maintaining confidentiality and adhering to the standard of care are important to avoid legal issues like charges of negligence or battery.
Federal laws such as EMTALA and HIPAA regulate emergency care and patient privacy. EMTALA requires hospitals to provide medical screening exams and stabilizing treatment to anyone regardless of ability to pay. It also sets rules for appropriate patient transfers. HIPAA protects personal health information and sets penalties for violations like improper access or disclosure of patient records. Consent is also important legally and varies for situations like treatment of minors, incapacitated adults, and refusals of care. Proper documentation in medical records is essential.
Legal issues regularly arise in emergency medicine. Doctors have a duty of care to provide treatment that is in the patient's best interests and of an appropriate standard. Valid consent requires the patient be competent, receive full disclosure of risks/benefits, and freely agree to treatment. Doctors must assess a patient's capacity to consent using functional tests of their understanding. Privacy and confidentiality principles also apply but have exceptions like mandatory reporting. Proper documentation is important to demonstrate reasonable care was provided to avoid negligence claims.
This document discusses several key legal issues in emergency medicine, including duty of care, consent, competence and capacity, privacy and confidentiality, refusal of treatment, and negligence. It emphasizes the importance of acting in the patient's best interests, obtaining valid consent, properly assessing decision-making capacity, and thorough documentation. Legal concepts are complex, so the focus should be on doing what a reasonable practitioner would do in any given situation.
Psychosocial care of coronavirus disease 2019Nursing Path
The novel Coronavirus (nCoV) epidemic in 2019 -2020 has recently emerged. The route of transmission is not totally known, although it is known that it can spread from person to person, and local health care systems may be ill-equipped to handle a large-scale outbreak.
The blood electrolytes—sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate—help regulate nerve and muscle function and maintain acid-base balance and water balance. ... Thus, having electrolytes in the right concentrations (called electrolyte balance) is important in maintaining fluid balance among the compartments
The document outlines the key components of an effective hospital infection control program, including establishing an infection control team, committee, and manual. It emphasizes the importance of surveillance to monitor infection rates, preventive activities like standard precautions, and staff training. Standard precautions include proper hand hygiene, use of barriers like gloves and gowns, safe handling of sharps and contaminated materials, and maintaining a clean patient environment. The goal of the program is to reduce infection risk and increase safety.
Outcome-based education (OBE) is an educational theory that bases each part of an educational system around goals (outcomes). By the end of the educational experience, each student should have achieved the goal.
Assessment and evaluation are important parts of the nursing profession. Assessment allows teachers and students to understand how effective teaching was and identify areas for improvement. It also allows students to understand their own learning and strengths. There are various types of assessment, including formative and summative, as well as different tools like essays, short answers, checklists and rating scales. The document discusses the purposes of assessment, types of assessment tools and techniques, and how to select the appropriate assessment method.
A mental health disorder characterised by feelings of worry, anxiety or fear that are strong enough to interfere with one's daily activities.
The term "anxiety disorder" refers to specific psychiatric disorders that involve extreme fear or worry, and includes generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder and panic attacks, agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, selective mutism, separation anxiety, and specific phobias.
Selection and organization of learning experienceNursing Path
Curriculum is the educational design of learning experiences for the students. Curricular experiences include course content as well as learning activities. The selection and organization of curricular experiences must also reflect the philosophy of the school. The identifying and organizing of curricular experiences begins with the analysis of curriculum objectives. The most commonly used approach in selecting learning experiences is the logical approach in which the process is treated as content in curriculum development.
Universal health coverage (UHC) means that all people and communities can use the promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative health services they need, of sufficient quality to be effective, while also ensuring that the use of these services does not expose the user to financial hardship.
Pneumonia is an inflammatory lung condition caused by various microorganisms. It discusses the definition, etiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, types, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation, classification, medical management, nursing management, and potential complications of pneumonia. The document provides an overview of pneumonia with definitions of key terms and descriptions of common causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, and treatment approaches.
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This document provides an overview of microbiology topics relevant to nursing. It discusses the classification of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi, worms, and arthropods. For each type of microbe, details are given about their structure, effects on humans as pathogens or normal flora, and examples of significant diseases. Methods for controlling microbes like sterilization and antibiotics are also reviewed. Public health measures to prevent spread of infection through food, water, and hygiene are outlined.
Fundamental of nursing practice exam 4Nursing Path
The document contains 50 multiple choice questions related to fundamentals of nursing practice. It covers topics like standard precautions, vital signs, documentation, mobility assistance, mouth care, safety, the nursing process, anatomy and physiology, medical terminology, assessment techniques, positioning, medication administration, bed baths, and more. The questions test knowledge of appropriate nursing interventions, assessment methods, terminology, and skills.
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The document contains a 50 question practice exam for fundamentals of nursing. The questions cover topics like patient positioning, vital signs, diagnostic tests, diet orders, medication administration, and legal/ethical issues. Correct answers are provided along with rationales. The exam assesses knowledge of important nursing concepts and responsibilities.
The enterobacteriaceae basic properties.ppsx xNursing Path
The Enterobacteriaceae are a large family of Gram-negative bacteria that includes, along with many harmless symbionts, many of the more familiar pathogens, such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Yersinia pestis, Klebsiella, and Shigella.
2. One of the most distinctive aspects of human
beings is that we are social beings.
Interpersonal relationships are & have been
the core of our social system since the dawn
of civilization.
Nursing is a therapeutic process & demands
an association between the nurse & the
patient.
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3. Interpersonal relationships refer to
reciprocal social & emotional
interactions between two or more
individuals in an environment.
Interpersonal relationship is defined
as a close association between
individuals who share common
interests & goals.
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5. I. Dyad
A dyad consists of two interacting people.
It is the simplest of the three interpersonal
dynamics.
One person relays a message & the other listen.
It is one of the most unstable interpersonal
dynamic. The interaction ends when one
constituent of the dyad refuses to listen or
share his or her message.
It is also one of the most intimate interpersonal
dynamic as the focus of listening &
communication is centered on only one person.
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6. II. Triad
A triad consists of three interaction
people.
The members engage in the relay &
reception of thoughts & ideas.
It is more stable than the dyad as the
third members may act as a mediator
when there is conflict between the other
two.
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7. III. Group
A group consists of more than three
members & is a collection of traids &
dyads.
It is the most stable from of
interpersonal relationship.
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8. I. Interpersonal relationship for an
Individual
Personal growth & development
Source of enjoyment
Sense of security
Context of understanding
Interpersonal needs
Establishing personal identity
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9. II. Interpersonal relationship for nurses
Building a positive functional
multidisciplinary team
Improving intra-and/or inter-team
communication, coordination & cooperation
Building mutual understanding &
cooperation
Understanding self
Improved decision making & problem
solving
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10. III. Interpersonal relationship for
patients
Developing a sense of security &
comfort
Fostering trust & cooperation
Facilitating communication
Improving socialization
Developing & maintaining positive
feelings
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11. •Interpersonal relationships are classified based on
relational contexts of interaction & the types of
mutual expectations between communicators.
•Some common types of interpersonal relation are
Friendship
Family & kinship
Professional
relationship
Love
Marriage
Platonic
relationship
Casual relationships
Brotherhood &
sisterhood
Acquaintances
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12. Friendship
Theories of friendship emphasize the concept
as a freely chosen association where
individuals develop a common ground of
thinking & behaving when they enter into the
relationship by including mutual love, trust,
respect & unconditional acceptance for each
other.
Friendship is a relationship with no formalities
& the individuals enjoy each other’s presence.
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13. Family and kinship
Family communication patterns establish
roles & identify & enable personal & social
growth of individuals.
Family relationships can get distorted if there
is an unresolved conflict between members.
Most of the time, a significant family member
senses other family members have significant
emotional difficulties but fails to bring them
out unless the physician or nurse enquires .
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14. Professional Relationship
Individual working for the same
organization are said to share a
professional relationship & are called
colleagues.
Colleagues may or may not like each
other
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15. Love
A informalized intimate relationship
characterized by passion, intimacy,
trust & respect is called love.
Individuals in a romantic relationship
are deeply attached to each other &
share a special bond
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16. Marriage
Marriage is a formalize intimate
relationship or a long-term
relationship where two individuals
decide to enter into wedlock & stay
together life-long after knowing each
other well.
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17. Platonic Relationship
A relationship between two individuals
without feelings of sexual desire for each
other is called a platonic relationship.
In such a relationship, a man & a woman
are just friends & do not mix love with
friendship.
Platonic relationships might end in a
romantic relationship with partners
developing feelings of love for each
other.
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18. Casual Relationships
In these relationships, the individuals usually
develop a relationship that exclusively lacks
mutual love & consists of sexual behavior only
that does not extend beyond one night.
These individuals may be known as sexual
partners in a wider sense of friends with
benefits who consider sexual intercourse only
in their relationship.
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19. Brotherhood & Sisterhood
Individuals united for a common cause
or a common interest (may involve
formal membership in clubs,
organization, associations, societies,
etc.) may be termed as a brotherhood
or a sisterhood.
In this relationship, individuals are
committed to doing good deeds for
fellow members & people.
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20. Acquaintances
An acquaintance is a relationship where
someone is simply known to someone by
introduction or by a few interaction.
There is an absence of close relationship
& the individuals lack in-depth personal
information about other.
This could also be a beginning of a
future close relationship.
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21. Hildegard Peplau (1952) gave the interpersonal
relationship model.
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Orientation
Identification
Exploitation
Resolution
23. • Start with an initial encounter with nurse
& patient
• The pact formulation begins between the
nurse & the patient.
• The nurse clarifies his or her roles &
responsibilities within the therapeutic
boundary to the patient.
• The Nurse identifies the patient’s
problem & settles on the type of nursing
services needed.
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24. • After developing a trustworthy relationship, the
patients start clarifying doubts, share
perceptions & convey their needs & expectation
to the nurse.
• There are several factors that may affect this
phase in a nurse-patient relationship
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Nurse
•Values
•Culture race
•Beliefs
•Past experience
•Expectations
•Preconceived
ideas
Patient
•Values
•Culture race
•Beliefs
•Past
experience
•Expectations
Nurse-patient
relationship
25. • The nurse must approach the patient with
empathic understanding to perceive the
patient’s current feeling.
• The nurse must avoid vagueness & ambiguity
by using specific terminology rather than
abstractions in communication process.
• The nurse helps the patients identify their
problems in their own context & use the
available resources to solve the problem.
• The patient’s self esteem will be boosted by
having feelings of belongingness.
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26. • In this phase, the patient are made to
understand the problems by exploring all
available avenues to solve the problem.
• The nurse can help the patient by extending
minimal professional assistance to learn how
to solve the problem.
• The patient starts exploitation all the available
resources in spite of making requests to
others to extend help
• Finally the patient is able to deal adequately
with his or her problems
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27. • This is the termination of the professional
relationship that begins with convalesce
&rehabilitation stage of hospitalization.
• The patient’s needs have already been met by
the collaborative efforts of the patient & the
nurse in previous phases.
• If psychological dependence persists between
both of them, it become difficult to resolve the
transferences or counter transferees. A nurse
must aware of the techniques to resolve it.
• The relationship must be terminated by
maintaining a healthier emotional balance by
both the parties.
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32. Categories
of Barriers
Description of
Barriers of IPR
Methods of Overcomes
Barriers of IPR
Personal
Barriers
Gender variation In IPR, gender must to
given due consideration
Lack of honesty
& trust
Honesty & trust must be
maintained while
establishing & building
IPRs
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Categories
of Barriers
Description of
Barriers of IPR
Methods of Overcomes
Barriers of IPR
Personal
Barriers
Lack of
compatibility
Compatibility between the
individual involved in IPR
must be ensured.
Feeling of
insecurity
A sense of security must be
ensured between the
people involved in an IPRT
Ineffective
communication
Effective communication is
a key aspect of efficient
IPRs, therefore, effective
communication must be
ensure.
Distorted self-
concept
Individuals involved in IPRs
must have a sound self-
concept & +ve self-esteem
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Categorie
s of
Barriers
Description of
Barriers of IPR
Methods of Overcomes
Barriers of IPR
Personal
Barriers
Lack of flexibility There must be flexibility in
ideology & philosophy of
the individuals in a
relationship for an effective
adaptation & success of the
IPR
Lack of respect
for others rights
A mutual senses of respect
must be ensured by the
people involved in personal
& professional relationships
Fear of rejection Fear of rejection must be
eliminated between the
individual involved in a
relationship
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Categories of
Barriers
Description of
Barriers of IPR
Methods of Overcomes
Barriers of IPR
Personal
Barriers
Pre-existing
psychiatric
problem
Skilled therapeutic
communication is
required to interact with
individuals suffers from
psychiatric or personality
problems.
Situational
barriers
Complex
interaction
setting
The individuals must try
to make the interaction
setting simple & familiar
& must make the other
person feel important.
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Categories of
Barriers
Description of
Barriers of IPR
Methods of Overcomes
Barriers of IPR
Situational
barriers
• Adverse
environmental
situations
•Lack of
territoriality
•High density
of individuals
Special care must be
taken while developing a
relationship between
individuals of diversified
territories & high density
or interaction in adverse
environmental situations.
•Lack of
distance
•Lack of time
Even in an organization,
individuals must spend
quality time with their co-
workers to strengthen the
bond between them
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Categories of
Barriers
Description of
Barriers of IPR
Methods of Overcomes
Barriers of IPR
Sociocultural
barriers
• cultural
diversity
•Ethnic
diversity
•Social
diversity
Individual can try to
overcome cultural diversity
to trying to enhance the
four primary factors that
decide interaction patterns
(such as openness, trust,
owing & risk to experiment)
•Language
diversity
Individuals must try to
enhance interpersonal
communication skills (such
as maintaining good eye
contact, appropriate body
language, listening with
patience, etc.)
38. The johari window model is a simple &
useful tool for illustrating & improving
self-awareness & mutual understanding
between individuals within a group.
The johari window terminology refers to
self & others.
Self refers to the person subject to the
Johari window analysis & others refers to
other people in the person’s group or
team.
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39. The johari window model was devised by
American psychologist, Joseph Luft & Harry
Ingham, in 1955.
The model was first published in proceedings of
the Western Training Laboratory in Group
Development by UCLA extension Office in 1955.
The Johari window model represents self-
awareness of an individual towards himself or
herself, & later on become a widely used model
for self-development by helping the person
understand & learn about improvement of
communication skills & IPRs
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40.
41. Known to self Unknown to self
Known to
others
Unknown to
others
The open or public self The unknowing self
The Private self The unknown self
42. The upper left quadrant of the
window represents the part of the self
that is public; that is, aspect of the self
about which both the individual & others
are aware.
43. Examples:
Susan, a nurse who is the adult
child of an alcoholic, has strong feelings
about helping alcoholics to achieve
sobriety. She volunteers her time to be a
support person on call to help recovering
alcoholics. She is aware of her feelings &
her desire to help others. Members of the
alcoholics Anonymous group in which the
volunteers her time are also aware of
Susan’s feelings & they feel comfortable
calling her when they need help refraining
from drinking.
44. The upper right (blind)
quadrant of the window represents
the part of the self that is known to
others but remains hidden from the
awareness of the individual.
45. Examples:
When susan takes care of patients
in detox, she does so without emotion,
tending to the technical aspects of the
task in a way that the clients perceive
as cold & judgmental. She is unaware
that she comes across to the clients in
this way.
46. The lower left quadrant of the
window represents the part of the
self that is known to the individual,
but which the individual deliberately
& consciously conceals from others.
47. Example:
Susan would prefer not to take
care of the client in detox because
doing so provokes painful memories
from her childhood. Because she does
not want the other staff members to
known about these feelings, however,
she volunteers to take care of the
detox client whenever they are
assigned to her unit.
48. The lower right quadrant of the
window represent the part of the self
that is unknown to both the individual
& to others.
49. Example:
Susan felt very powerless as a child
growing up with an alcoholic father. She
seldom knew in what condition she would find
her father or what his behavior would be. She
learned over her life situation, & left home as
soon as she graduated from high school. The
need to stay in control has always been very
important to susan , & she is unaware that
working with recovering alcoholics helps to
fulfill this need in her. The people she is
helping are also unaware that susan is
satisfying an unfulfilled personal need as she
provides them with assistance.
50. • It has become a widely used model for
understanding & training self-awareness &
personal development & improving
communication, IPRs, group dynamics, team
development & inter-group relationships.
• It puts emphasis on soft skills, behavior,
empathy, cooperation, inter-group development
& interpersonal development.
• It can also be used to improve an individual’s
relationship with others or a group’s
relationship with other groups.
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51. • The model is a simple & useful tool for illustrating
& improving self-awareness & mutual
understanding between individuals in a group.
• The Johari model can also be used to assess &
improving self-awareness & mutual understanding
between individuals in a group.
• The johari window actually represents information –
feelings, experiences, views attitudes, skills,
intentions, motivation, etc. - within or about a
person in relation to their group from four
perspectives.
• The johari window provides a useful way to
graphically visualize the process of self-disclosure.
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