How Successful Was The Marshall Plan

How Successful Was The Marshall Plan
In the quick post–World War II period, Europe stayed assaulted by war and therefore defenseless to
abuse by an interior and outer Communist risk. In a June 5, 1947, discourse to the graduating class
at Harvard University, Secretary of State George C. Marshall issued a require an extensive system to
remake Europe. Fanned by the apprehension of Communist extension and the quick decay of
European economies in the winter of 1946–1947, Congress passed the Economic Cooperation Act in
March 1948 and endorsed subsidizing that would in the long run ascend to over $12 billion for the
remaking of Western Europe. The Marshall Plan produced a resurgence of European
industrialization and brought broad venture into the area. It was additionally a stimulant to the U.S.
economy by building up business sectors for American products. In spite of the fact that the Soviet's
cooperation Union and East European countries was a beginning plausibility, Soviet worry over
potential U.S. monetary control of its Eastern European satellites and Stalin's unwillingness to open
up his mystery society to westerners destined the thought. Besides, it is improbable that the U.S.
Congress would have been willing to finance the arrangement as liberally as it did if help
additionally went ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Progressively, the monetary restoration of Western Europe, particularly West Germany, was seen
suspiciously in Moscow. Financial students of history have talked about the exact effect of the
Marshall Plan on Western Europe, yet these varying assessments don't diminish the way that the
Marshall Plan has been perceived as an awesome helpful exertion. Secretary of State Marshall
turned into the main general to get a Nobel Prize for peace. The Marshall Plan likewise standardized
and legitimized the idea of U.S. remote guide programs, which have turned into a fundamental piece
of U.S. outside
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To what extent was the development of the post-Stalin thaw...
To what extent was the development of the post–Stalin thaw in superpower relations between 1953
and 1962 the result of Khrushchev's policy of 'Peaceful Coexistence'?
The post Stalin thaw, which occurred in the period between 1953 and 62', refers to the more
conciliatory approach employed by both the USSR and the USA which resulted in greater toleration
and a less 'hard line' foreign policy. The thaw was perhaps a direct result of Stalin's death as both
sides saw an opportunity to ease tensions between the two superpowers.
Peaceful coexistence was a policy, which focused primarily on cooperation with capitalist states and
particularly the USA. The policy aimed to challenge the views that both communist and capitalist
ideologies could ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A change in leadership in America also helped the situation to a certain extent. Although Eisenhower
was supposedly taking a more hard–line approach to communism having criticised Truman and
publicly denouncing the soviets new approach, he was in fact a man all to aware of the dangers of
nuclear war and secretly responded well to the new soviet strategy. In addition, U–2 spy planes had
ensured that Eisenhower was aware of the Soviet Unions nuclear capability. He was therefore
confident that the US was superior and so was more prepared to negotiate with the USSR knowing
that he was in a position of strength. This consequently led to thaw because he no longer needed to
assert his authority of the Soviets.
Moreover, the presidency of Kennedy also helped in the development of the thaw. Kennedy's
'Flexible Response' offered a more diverse approach to communism and the USSR, moving away
from the basis on nuclear weapons to a wider range of options. This move from an emphasis on
nuclear weapons may have contributed to the thaw because it provided a less hard–line approach
than that of Truman and Eisenhower.
Overall it is clear to see that the post Stalin thaw was down to a number of factors, one of which was
certainly Khrushchev and his implementation of peaceful coexistence policies however there were
many other factors at play. The nuclear arms race, global changes of leadership and

What Was The Truman Doctrine Essay
Right from the start of the Cold War, after the Second World War (1939–1945), the European
continent was split up once more and two ideologies were considered to dominate most countries.
The Truman doctrine, established in 1947 by the President of the United States of America forged
the Western bloc and put forward capitalism as a strong political ideology . Following this doctrine
was the initiation of the Marshall plan, a financial and military help, which goal was to reduce The
Soviet Union's influence on eastern countries. The leading force of the Eastern bloc, the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) answered to the United States' doctrine with the Zhdanov
doctrine which divided the world between "the imperialists", the United States and "the socialists",
the Soviet Union. Communism was the ideology in the U.S.S.R. and its allied countries. Defeated
after the end of the Second World War, Germany was split in four occupation zones as it was
discussed at the Potsdam Conference (July–August 1945). The three zones belonging to the western
countries (French zone, British zone and American zone) were unified and thus opposed to the
soviet zone. Berlin, a strategic city within the eastern part of Germany, was itself divided and thus
West Berlin became an enclave. In the 1950s, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The mentalities changed, especially with the new generation who considers the past in a different
way. The purpose of this paper and especially this question is to understand the political state of
Germany, as because of . The relevance of this paper can be found in the proximity in History of
these events because the consequences can still be felt in European

Cold War Chapter Summary
Within this book, Martin McCauley explains how the tensions between the Soviets and Americans
arise and how it escalated into the Cold War. It also includes a timeline of historical events that are
important to the unfolding of the Cold War, a list of important people involved during the Cold
War's formative years, and a list of important documents from the formulating years of the Cold
War, 1941–1949. America and the Soviet Union were inherently at odds with each other due to their
different economic systems and ideologies. However, the two states became allies with each other
due to the greater threat of Hitler's Germany. However, problems quickly began to rise as the war
came to a conclusion and the common enemy vanished. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, Stalin became determined to hold onto everything that he could and prevent the spread of
American influence into Eastern Europe due to his perceiving that the atomic bomb is a security
threat to him and his superiority in Europe could become nullified. Thus, he became more difficult
to be dealt with and became heavy–handed in eastern Europe which the Americans began to view
such behavior as being in bad faith and that the Soviets had the desire to expand elsewhere. The
Americans began to view the Soviet behavior very negatively towards the war end. Americans
became shocked by Soviet behavior and conduct during the war as being barbaric. As shock of the
behavior resonated, anti–Soviet politicians became very influential in Congress and desired for a
change from the realist policy FDR pursued. Thus, the policy they began to seek was containment or
for the Soviets to concede to American desires as advocated by the new president

Us Post Ww2 Essay
The primary motivation seems to be to increase the strength of the domestic economy by first
expanding overseas and facilitating as many countries as possible to trade with the US. Indeed, the
US wanted to help rebuild Europe in order to build good markets for US not for humanitarian
reasons. The clearest example of this comes from Assistant secretary of state Dean Acheson whilst
testifying before a special congressional committee on post–war planning. He stated "When you
look at the problem... it is a problem of markets." This seems to be the clearest indication of the US's
motives, especially given the nature of the hearing. Gaddis claims that 'The policies they actually
followed did less than one might think to advance it [capitalism].' However ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The USSR and the eastern bloc represented a serious obstacle to this and one can see how these
Imperialist tendencies caused an inevitable clash with the USSR as they represented an obstacle to
the aim of reformation of global capitalism to facilitate trade with the US. The USSR posed a real
threat to US economic hegemony hence a standoff between the two was in many ways inevitable
due to the US aggressively searching for new markets. The US was keen to assert American
influence in eastern Europe by demanding free elections, breaking the Percentages Agreement.
Conversely Stalin had upheld his side of the Agreement in regard to the Greek communists. Stalin
would have viewed all these actions as an attempt by the US to reorganise the governments in
Eastern Europe to align with the open door policy and to coerce the USSR into accepting US
policies. The US also orchestrated riots over soviet spheres of influence as pointed out by Williams.
The repressive attitudes undertaken by Stalin, such political repressions in Bulgaria and Poland can
be seen as a reaction to the US trying to intrude in on their sphere of influence and these measures
were a defensive

Cold War Dbq Essay
After World War II, the Eastern and Western Allies started to grow apart. The Eastern Bloc was led
by the Soviet Union and promoted communism, while the Western Bloc was led by the United
States and promoted capitalism, through democracy. Both wanted their country's ideals to spread
throughout the world, and at the same time, prevent the opposing superpower from taking over. In
an attempt to stop the spread of communism, the United States created NATO and the Truman
Doctrine, while the Soviet Union tried to stop democracy by creating the Warsaw Pact. At this point,
the world was divided, and most third world countries became pawns in the fight of communism
versus capitalism. The citizens in third world nations were often displaced, politically ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Tim Golden in a New York Times article,"poverty defines the lives of more than 40
percent of all Latin Americans" (Doc 7). Ultimately, this demonstrates that the Cold War affected
millions of people in third world countries. If the United States and Soviet Union weren't so
competitive with one another, a huge amount of people could have a better life. Golden also reports
that Latin American countries "addicted to deficit spending and dependent on imports of capital
goods" caused "inflation that shot out of control" (Doc 7). This shows that several third world
countries couldn't avoid economic decline, because the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. controlled their entire
economy. This led the financial system to became worthless and millions of citizens to become poor.
In Chile, Pinochet "imposed an economic system that seemed successful at the beginning, although
it benefited the capitalists while it maintained the labour force under an iron fist" (Doc 8). In other
words, the economy that Pinochet, the non–Communist leader that the U.S. supported, implemented
created a huge gap between the very rich owners and the very poor workers. However, under normal
circumstances Chile would have been able to create an independent economy that didn't cause such
a division between the upper and lower classes. Overall, the huge amount of power that the U.S. and
the U.S.S.R. had over third world nations at the time was a huge factor in their economic

Poland 's Economic Reform Plan Of 1989
The year of 1989 is generally regarded as a watershed moment in the history of Eastern Europe–the
one which effectively ended the dominance of Communist politics in the region formerly known as
the Soviet Bloc. Comprised of Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, and East
Germany, this region was politically and economically depended on the Soviet Union that largely
dictated the official ideological orientation of the Soviet Bloc nations. In 1989, the region's
dependence on the Soviet Union effectively came to an end along with the communist hegemony in
Eastern Europe. At the same time, Eastern Europeans finally discovered the opportunity to make a
transition from centralized socialism to democratic and decentralized form of market economy that
was largely modeled on the Western democracies. The following chapter examines the extent to
which Western theoretical and institutional trends influenced Poland's economic reform plan of
1989. At the same time, it seeks to account for Poland's own local tradition of neoliberal thought. In
so doing, it aims to dispel the oversimplified interpretation of the transnational exchange between
Polish and American economists according to which the former had to learn from scratch while the
former assumed the role of educators. As various commentators have observed, the Eastern
European transition to market economy took Western neoliberalism as its principal ideological
model. It is no secret, for instance, that Jeffrey

Negative Speech : The Fall Of The Berlin Wall
Thank you for joining us today in our special episode about the fall of the Berlin Wall, which will
make its 28th anniversary later this year.
Along with the separate and much longer inner German border, the Berlin Wall became to
symbolize a physical marker of the Iron Curtain that separated Western Europe and the Eastern Bloc
during the Cold War. The Berlin Wall was the guarded concrete barrier that physically and
ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989. The wall was constructed by the German
Democratic Republic (GDR), which was communist, and it cut off West Berlin from surrounding
East Germany and from East Berlin, who wasn't communist. They started building the wall on 13th
of August 1961. The barrier was a large concrete wall with guard towers along it.
The eastern bloc claimed that the wall, or as they called it, the Anti–Fascist Protection Rampart, was
erected to protect its population from fascists. But in reality the wall was meant to prevent the
massive emigration of 3.5 million people that had marked East Germany and the communist eastern
bloc after World War 2. During the time the wall existed around 5,000 people tried to escape over
the wall. 239 of them died.
The Fall of the Wall:
After the Hungarian Government had started to dismantle the electrical fence along its border with
Austria in June of 1989, in September more than 13,000 German tourists escaped through Hungary
to Austria. The East German Government reacted by not allowing any more travel to Hungary,
which was followed by mass demonstrations within East Germany. Protesters were mostly people
wanting to leave to the West, chanting "Wir wollen raus" which translates to "We want out". This
was the part of the "Peaceful Revolution".
On 4th of November half a million people protested for political change at the Alexanderplatz
demonstration. The wave of refugees leaving for the West kept increasing. On November 9th the
East German Government decided to let refugees leave directly through crossings between East and
West. On Germany's biggest news program the anchorman proclaimed: "This 9th November is a
historic day. The GdR has announced that, starting immediately, its boarders are open to everyone.
The gates in the Wall stand open

Essay on The Wall Came Tumbling Down
The Berlin wall was a symbol of life behind the Iron Curtain for nearly 28 years. It was a rigorously
guarded barrier to keep citizens of East Germany under the Communist German Democratic
Republic. In The Fall of the Berlin Wall, William F. Buckley Jr. details the events leading to the
construction of the Berlin Wall, and the effects the wall and it's demise had on the people of Berlin,
the other Eastern Bloc countries, and the rest of the world.
After the second World War, the 1945 Yalta Conference determined the fate of Germany. It was
divided into four sectors, as was Berlin, with each sector being ruled by a World War II victor. Great
Britain, France, the United States controlling West Germany and West Berlin and the Soviet ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The plan went into effect in the early morning hours of August 13, 1961. When President Kennedy
learned of the divider, he was upset at the intelligence forces not informing him of any such plan.
After finding out that the wall didn't endanger West Germany, he let his secretary off to go to a ball
game, and went sailing. West Germany was the only concern of the United States, as Foy Kohler of
the State Department said, "After all, the East–Germans have done us a favor. That refugee flow was
becoming embarrassing." If America had known that a simple show of force at the wall construction
site would have prevented 28 years of death and suffering for East Germans, maybe the reaction
would have been different.
On August 22, the East German government issued three new rules. Citizens of West Berlin would
have to gain a special permit to enter East Berlin, border crossings were cut down to seven from
twelve, and all citizens of West Berlin must stay 100 meters back from the wall. Ulbricht's
presumptuous third decree seemed to make law for West Berlin, which the Allies could not abide.
Soon Allied forces were patrolling the border. This pleased West Berlin mayor Willy Brandt, but he
also questioned why the Allies hadn't been there when the wall went up. The Soviet Union sent
tanks to the wall on October 27. American and Soviet

The End Of World War II
The end of World War II caused major concerns for the world's major powers as the debates for how
to prevent the rise of Germany for a third time began. It quickly became evident that the divide
between the communist leaders of Russia and the leaders of the free world (the United States,
France, and England) would cause a difficult situation. As negotiations progressed and the Powers
divided control of Germanys concurred regions the struggle took shape. The capital of Germany lied
in the middle of the territory that would be held by the communists causing a fear of communist
control over the Germany when it could be reunited without fear of another attempt at world power.
The only solution that could be found was to divide the capital city between western support in the
western half and communist control in the East. The division of the nation causes problems for all
parties involved but the people who lived in post war Germany caught the brunt of the blow. In his
memoir The File: A Personal History Timothy ash gives details of his personal experience in the
communist block and compares his memories with the file that the secret police of the communist
party, The Stasi, created. Using this text as a baseline, this paper argues that the division of Germany
During the cold war affected the balance of world powers in a post war world. After two world wars,
the treat of Germany rising to power once more seemed a legitimate threat to world leaders. It is no
surprise that as

Misconceptions Of Socialist Youth
Socialist youths experienced an inspiration from global trends whilst behind the Eastern Bloc, due to
its 'phenomenal appeal'. This then evolved into their own adaptations as a way to rebel against
conformity, and the pressure that was put upon them by the Soviet regime; to appear in their own
ideal way. Moreover, this was further extenuated via the post–war youth not being able to identify
with their older generation and their socialist ideology. Political beliefs further escalated these local
adaptations of worldwide trends. There were clearly certain Western fashions that were present in
these youth subcultures such as music (punk, rock etc.) and clothing. However, to a greater extent
these trends were then adapted into their own interpretations; ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This was made evident by examples such as the heavy metal fans adopting 'signature black leather
clothes' and the 'strange' kind of western music that they were listening to such as Punk, Heavy
Metal, Blues. However, Horváth suggests that actually 'their knowledge of the [West]... was highly
limited' and this resulted in the socialist youth having to take inspiration from what they did know
and creating their own local adaptations, rather than being pure forms of imitation. While there are
tangible signs that the socialist youth did imitate certain western fashions to an extent, this neglects
the other ingredients that show a local adaptation being cooked up in the Eastern Bloc; the inter–
generational conflict, the tensions emanating from a need to break away from conformity mixed
with the pressures exerted by the authorities as well as a political and ideological shift. These
external factors crucially show how socialist countercultures were in reality local adaptations rather
than imitations of capitalist western fashions.
Socialist youth subcultures were inspired by global phenomenon's and then further evolved into
their own local adaptations by the political and ideological revolution occurring in the post–war
socialist youth. Rather than being mere imitations of certain Western fashions, these trends resulted
in youth countercultures that were driven by a combination of youths rebelling against conformity
along with political and ideological concerns that were catalysed by the focused oppression of
Western fashions by the socialist

The Soviet Union And The Cold War
In 1945, one major war ended and another began. After World War II, the United States and its allies
and the Soviet Union were involved in what became known as the Cold War, which was a period of
mutual fear and distrust. The war was given the name "cold" because the two sides never actually
came into direct armed conflict; it was a war of words and ideologies rather than a shooting war
(Crawford, 2009, p. 6). The Soviet Union and the United States came out from World War II as the
new world superpowers, and despite their common victory with the defeat of their enemies, their
primary bond was broken. There were deep–rooted ideological, economic, and political differences
between the United States and the Soviet Union prior to the Second World War. Their differences,
most notably their political systems and their visions of a postwar Europe, were intensified as a
result of their mutual suspicions and during and after the Second World War drove the allied nations
into an ideological conflict that lasted for 45 years. It is difficult to give an exact date for the start of
the Cold War, but many historians look back to 1917 during the Bolshevik Revolution for the first
signs of U.S.–Soviet rivalry (Clare, 2016). In Russia, members of a rising political party, known as
the Bolsheviks, gained control of the country in November 1917. They supported the communist
ideologies of Vladimir I. Lenin, who established the Communist Party in Russia in 1919.
Communism is a system of

Cold War: The Warsaw Pact
The USSR combined its control over the states of the Eastern Bloc while the United States began a
strategy of global containment to challenge Soviet power, extending military and financial aid to the
countries of Western Europe (for example, supporting the anti–Communist side in the Greek Civil
War) and creating the NATO alliance. The Berlin Blockade (1948–49) was the first major crisis of
the Cold War.
The Soviet Bloc from 1945 to 1970 consisted of the countries that owed allegiance to the Soviet
Union during the cold war. The Societ Bloc chiefly followed the same ideologies and political
culture as the Soviets. Most often, the countries provided the Soviet Union their soil, acting as client
states, for its military and miscellaneous operations. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In response to the NATO establishment, the Soviet Union brought forth the Warsaw Pact, to which
all of the Soviet Bloc countries signed. This pact was one dictating the terms of alliance between
these eastern nations, most notably giving the Soviet Union a sphere of influence and vast buffer
ground from its enemies. Throughout its history, the most recognized events consist of the Hungary
in 1956, Czechoslovakia in 1968, the 1989 Poland movement and the Collapse of the Berlin Wall in
1990. In Hungary, the Soviet Union extended its sphere of influence through military intervention
after the anti–Soviet coup. Twelve years later, Prague Spring, a liberal, led the establishment of the
Brezhnev Doctrine, to which the President of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev nullified. By
doing so, the Soviet Union ensured that the changes throughout the Eastern Block would be applied
to, without resistance, the Soviet Union. The end of the Eastern Bloc came when a Solidarity
movement in Poland took place, and elections were held, weakening communist influence. Finally,
the Berlin Wall that had been put up to separate Germany by the Eastern Bloc collapsed in 1990,
ending the dominant influence of the Soviet Union and its

The Cold War As A Conflict Driven By Ideology, Security Or...
'Was the Cold War primarily a conflict driven by ideology, security or the nuclear race?
It has been argued that there is not one reason for all these events to occur over half a century in
1945 to 1991. There are different factors for different times and different events that influenced
foreign policy between those dates. Ideology, security and the nuclear race have been disputed to be
the main drives of the cold war period. These factors are also intertwined with one another, therefore
it can be difficult to state which is the core factor for this conflict. In this essay, the importance and
critiques of these factors will be discussed. In the post–world war world, political and military
tensions arose between powers in the Eastern and the Western blocks. In 1946, Winston Churchill
held a speech in Fulton, Missouri, arguing how an 'iron curtain' had descended between east and
west. This iron curtain meant there was a boundary line which had divided Europe into two separate
areas of political influence. (Heywood, 2014) argued that the cold war was merely driven by
"misunderstandings and misconceptions from both sides".
After the Second World War, ideological divisions had been arising between a world dominated by
two of the superpowers; the USA and the Soviet Union. The division was between a Capitalist US,
where there was a strong belief in private ownership and the right to make money and a Communist
Soviet Union, a belief in state ownership and wealth should be shared.

Essay about Rock Music in the GDR and the Eastern Bloc
The well–known riff of Deep Purple's "Smoke on the Water" opens Andreas Dresen's movie
Changing Skins (Raus aus der Haut, 1997). The film opens in a crowded music club where young
people are dancing ecstatically, turned on by pulsing rock and roll. This could be a trite depiction of
youth culture if it were not located in a country that suppressed this kind of music: the German
Democratic Republic (GDR). It is therefore worth reflecting on the social and political controversy
in the former East Germany that, finally in the 1970s, permitted the performance of rock music and
even imports from the capitalist part of the world. By the late 1970s, different kinds of rock music
were not only an integral part of Western youth culture but also ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Beat and rock music spread all over the GDR and imported records circulated on the black market.
The government finally had to accept the fact that rock and roll had become an integral part of youth
culture even in the socialist bloc.
At the Eighth SED Congress in 1971, Honecker announced an about–face. The needs of young
people – as they were an important part of socialist society – should no longer be ignored.
Therefore, music from the West was allowed to be broadcast on radio stations (most popular was the
youth station "DT64"), special editions of famous musicians like Jimi Hendrix, the Beatles, the
Rolling Stones, and so on were released, and local bands were allowed again to perform in newly
founded music clubs and discotheques.
In 1973, with the establishment of the Committee for Entertainment Music as part of the Culture
Ministry and the arrangement of the International Youth Festival in East Berlin, beat music was
officially rehabilitated. Basically since around 1970, "popular culture in fact was the core of a
common culture" (Maase 15). As a matter of fact, with the accommodation of rock and roll to
official culture the government now was better able to control songwriters and musicians. With the
groups dependent on the benefits of the Ministry, which

Greek Civil War Research Paper
The Kingdom of Greece
Following the Second World War, Greece was plunged into decades of strife and political turmoil.
The Kingdom of Greece falls somewhere in the middle of the superpower confrontation during the
Cold War. Originally, Stalin and Churchill had agreed to let Britain run a non–communist Greece,
yet the nation struggled between the Western and Eastern blocs and their respective superpowers'
influence [1]. This struggle originates from the German and Italian occupation of the Kingdom of
Greece during the Second World War. During this occupation, many resistance groups of different
ideologies began to emerge. Following the war, while the Greek government was still taking refuge
in Egypt, the occupational government dissolved, leaving ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
More people died in the Civil War than in the occupation of the Second World War [1].
Consequently, the nation became extremely polarized, and with the Kingdom's victory in the Civil
War, many Greeks sought refuge in communist countries. The Kingdom of Greece experienced a
coup d'état in the following years, by a group of rightist and non–communist officials in 1977 [2].
The latter coup was led by George Papadopoulos, who installed a military regime in the Kingdom of
Greece. When this fell apart, a conservative government led by Constantine Karamanlis dissolve the
monarchy and legalize the KKE. Later, in 1981, the center–left government of the Panhellenic
Socialist Movement allowed former DSE to return to Greece after taking refuge in other communist
nations [3].
Although Greece officially aligned itself with the United States and its Western Bloc allies, the
nation was tremendously split between the influences of the Soviet Union and the United States. The
lack of a stable government in the immediate aftermath of the war led to a brutal Civil War.
Furthermore, decades of political strife between the leftist and rightist wings of society led to an
increasingly unstable nation. Greece truly was caught between the two superpowers' spheres of

The Cold War And Its Effects On The Soviet War
Cold War Midterm
Czechoslovakia 1968:
Liberalization in the Eastern Bloc
Michael Fritz
Excelsior College
September 17, 2014
The political landscape, economic climate change and religious beliefs all factored into the Cold
War due the fact that it lasted nearly 5 decades. The Cold War changed histrionically from each
administration change that every nation faced during these long time periods. In the Soviet Union
political landscapes went from Stalin to Khruschev then Brezhnev, each impacting the Cold War
with significant actions. In the film Czechoslovakia 1968: We Don 't Want to Live on Our Knees
explains after the suicide of Hitler the fascist regime merely changed from Hitler's "Third Reich" to
Stalin's "Red Army" in 1944–45. The same could be seen in Khruschev who shifted from non–
aggressive too aggressive in Hungary October 31st 1958 (Zubok, p.117). Next, Soviet leader Leonid
Brezhnev invaded Prague, Czechoslovakia in the spring of 1968, which was dubbed the Brezhnev
Doctrine, which states "Moscow has the right to intervene in any country where a communist
government had been threatened." (History.state.gov, 2014). This oppression could be felt in
economical, religious and cultural facets as well and all made subsequent Soviet/American relations
increasingly difficult.
First, through Stalin's aggression over the Eastern bloc after the fall of Nazi Germany, Soviet
communism was seen as the repressor. Then Khruschev sought to "de–Stalinize," once coming to

Dr. Seuss' The Butter Battle Book and the Cold War Essay
Dr. Seuss' The Butter Battle Book and the Cold War Dr. Seuss is an important figure in the lives of
children everywhere. His stories are children's classics that are fun to read and also tackle some real
life issues. Dr. Seuss's political views are very apparent in his some of his books like The Butter
Battle Book, which discusses the issues of the Cold War. In The Butter Battle Book, two groups, the
Zooks and the Yooks, are at odds with the way they butter their bread. One group, the Zooks, have
their bread butter side down. The Yooks have their bread butter side up. In this book they are at a
point where the "crisis" has reached its peak. Each group has come up with weapon after weapon to
keep the other group out. Both groups ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An "iron curtain" of Communism spread over Eastern Europe as the post–World War II world tried
to re–build Germany and Easter Europe. As the dictator Joseph Stalin sealed off the Eastern Bloc,
the rest of Europe began to re–build under a democratic rule. This re–building continued and the
USSR continued to keep their "totalitarian" hold on the East. As the Cold War continued the battle
that was being fought soon became the battle between the two world super powers. This led to many
conflicts and continued up until finally in 1989 the Berlin Wall was taken down reuniting Western
and Eastern Germany and bringing down the "iron curtain" that shaded the East from freedom. The
Butter Battle Book puts a simplistic view in the real conflict of the Cold War. Dr. Seuss makes the
"battle" out to be as simple as the way someone butters their bread. In reality the conflict was about
the freedom of millions of people and the nuclear arms race. In an article from The New Republic,
the author outlines a few key differences. First off, the conflict was about something that is quite a
bit more important than the side we butter our bread on. It involved the freedom of millions. Second,
the wall that is in the book between the two groups grew on its own. The wall in the Cold War was
built to keep the West out of the Communist Bloc. The final thing is that in the book the opposing
groups do not seem to want to force their buttering habits onto the other side. During the Cold War,
both

Two Versions Of The Berlin Wall
On November 9, 1989 the encounter with the Berlin Wall came to an end as Berliners tore down the
barrier that had destroyed their city. The Berlin Wall was built by the Communists to divide Berlin
and keep East Berlin under communist influence. The Wall not only divided Berlin, but most of
Europe. News of the fall of the Berlin Wall spread across the world and symbolized a new beginning
for Berlin and other European nations.
On August 13 1961 East Berlin's government decided to end their relationship with West Berlin by
building a wall through streets, homes and people's lives. The first two versions of the wall were
built from 1961 to 1965. They were made from barbed wire and concrete blocks. The third version
was built in 1965 from concrete

The Characteristics Of The Cold War
The Cold War is the designation for a period of time in which political and military tension exist
between the West, led by the United States and its NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
allies, and the Communist World, led by the Soviet Union and its allies in the Warsaw Pact. The
term "cold" was used to describe the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union
throughout the war because neither side were involved in a large–scale fight directly, though, there
are regional wars who fought for their beliefs on their behalf e.g. South Vietnam versus North
Vietnam which was supported by the United States for the former and by the Soviet Union for the
latter. The term "cold war" itself was first used by an English writer, George Orwell, in his essay
"You and the Atomic Bomb", published by the British newspaper Tribune on 19 October 1945, "We
may be heading not for general breakdown but for an epoch as horribly stable as the slave empires
of antiquity....– that is, the kind of world–view, the kind of beliefs, and the social structure that
would probably prevail in a state which was at once unconquerable and in a permanent state of 'cold
war' with its neighbors." (Orwell, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Larkin (1965), in his exam revision book European History for Certificate Classes, posited that the
'Cold War' was a mixture of religious crusade in favor of one ideology or the other, and of the most
ruthless power politics, striking out for advantage or expansion not only in Europe but all over the
world. How historians analyze the Cold War has been a major concern, such as the problems when
and where the Cold War began; whether it was inevitable; and why states and individual in an
international system acted in a particular

The Cold War On Europe
THE COLD WAR IN EUROPE
Soon after the end of the World War Two (WW II), a new period of tensions began in the world with
once again Europe at the very heart of the tensions. It was the Cold War. It "was a state of political
and military tension between powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and
others) and powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its allies in the Warsaw Pact). It "split
the temporary wartime alliance against Nazi Germany, leaving the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics (USSR) and the United States as two superpowers with profound economic and political
differences: the former being a single–party Marxist–Leninist state, and the latter being a capitalist
state with generally free elections." Although it was not the same scale as the WWII in terms of
destructions and casualties, the Cold War did however bring the world to the brink of total nuclear
war. While both superpowers avoided confronting each other directly on the military field, they had
an open and intensive competition in the area of culture and consumerism.
Eastern Europe was considered as the Soviet sphere of influence. Most of the states in this area were
part of the USSR. They were called Soviet' satellites. Moscow's influence in the satellites was
immense. "In East Germany, Poland, Hungary and Romania, the physical presence of sizeable
Soviet forces bears daily witness to Soviet domination of these satellites. In all the satellites there
are large Soviet

The Marshall Pl The Causes Of The Cold War
The term 'Cold War' had been used to describe periods of extreme tensions between states, which
never culminate to actual, direct warfare. However, for the purpose of this essay, we will define the
Cold War as being the period of hostility that existed between two blocs shortly after World War II
and divided the world into two parts: the Soviet bloc and the Western bloc. More than just a conflict,
the Cold War was, as the historian John Mason pointed out, 'a fundamental clash of ideologies and
interests' between Soviet–sponsored communism and capitalism promoted by the United States.
This essay will argue that the announcement of the Marshall Plan at Harvard on the 5th of June 1947
– a European Recovery Program initiated by the US Secretary ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In response to the situation, Truman announced his doctrine on the 12th March 1947 through a
speech, which was designed to appeal to the US Congress in order to obtain money to strengthen
non–communist forces in areas vulnerable to Soviet influence. The President had already stressed
the seriousness of the international situation, and how Europe was increasingly being divided into
two hostile blocks. While capitalism is described as "based upon the will of the majority" and
"distinguished by free institutions, representative government, free elections, guarantees of
individual liberty, freedom of speech and religion, and freedom from political oppression". He
depicts communism as "based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed upon the majority"
relying upon "terror and oppression, a controlled press and radio, fixed elections, and the
suppression of personal freedoms." This speech very clearly signaled an important stance:
capitalism and communism are polar opposites and by stating so, Truman publicly announces rivalry
against the USSR. It would be easy to argue that the Cold War started earlier than the

Collectivization Of The Soviet Union
The date is May 8, 1945, the second world war has just come to an end and the allies had to decide
the future of Europe. To accomplish this the allies formed the Potsdam conference, which met on
August 2, 1945. The events that led up to and during the time of the Eastern Bloc can teach people
many things in regard to all aspects of life.
The Soviet Union was established in 1918 under a Communist regime, which replaced the old
monarchy ruled by the Czar. However soon after 1918 a massive forced development of the Soviet
Union and all their republics began. During this period of development, the Soviet Union carried out
the policy of collectivization. Collectivization was the seizure of private land, objects and other
things for the purpose of a collective use. However farms were not the only things collectivized,
many other industries such as factories and mines became a collective as well. All of these changes
almost destroyed the Soviet Union, but in the end made it stronger than it ever had been before. The
collectivization of land and industry would help save the Soviet Union during the Nazi invasion
during world war two. Collectivization provided the Soviet Union with the strength and unity
needed to fend off a Nazi invasion.
The Eastern Bloc was created by the Soviet Union after world war two to be used as a buffer zone
between them and the west. This was needed because of how vastly different the two societies were,
with the Communist east against the Capitalist

Causes Of The Berlin Wall
The Berlin wall had many events that led up to its construction. Some Major economic, political and
social events that caused the building of the berlin wall were world war II which had both economic
and political events, the cold war (political), the berlin blockade (economic), the berlin crisis
(political), John F. Kennedys speech (social) and the four–power agreement (political).
World war two was a political event because it was between countries and it was an economic event
because it left Germany destroyed. Germany was allies with Soviet Union and they were against the
United States of America, France and Great Britain during World War II from September 1, 1939 to
September 2, 1945. World war II in Europe ended on May 7, 1945 after Germany surrendered.
Germanys surrender caused Germany to divide into four zones. the Soviet Union, United States,
French and Great Britain zones. Since Berlin was the capitol of Germany it was split into four
sections even though it was in East Germany. World war II left Germany destroyed. West Germany
recovered quickly, however East Germany was recovering slowly.
Since Soviet Union was communist it meant their government was communist as well. Communism
was the main thing that drove east Germans to West Germany. People such as doctors and engineers
were the first to flee communism. Once the soviets found out citizens were going to the west they
closed the eastern bloc borders because they wanted to prevent the people that remained in the

Essay After The Cold War Dbq
After World War II there was still a main conflict between the two major world superpowers; the US
and allied countries that supported democracy and on the other hand the Soviet Union (USSR) who
supported communism and wanted to spread it. The conflict was that the Soviet Union tried
spreading communism in other countries, but the United States was not going to allow that. This
conflict influenced the Cold War to be fought by the Eastern Bloc (Soviet Union) and Western Bloc
(the United States and allies). When the Eastern Europe was taken over by the USSR and turned into
communism the US helped the Western Europe to not be taken over by communism. As an adviser
to the President of the United States the policy that he should follow is to rapidly build up the
political, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In an example of why the president should follow this policy is given in the Document (Robert Taff
Speech On the North Atlantic Treaty) it says "Even if we won wars, we this time would probably
suffer tremendous destruction, our economic system would be crippled, and we would lose our
liberties and free systems". The meaning of this quote is that if we build up a strong non–communist
country to be prepared for an attack by the communist, the non–communist would not be left
wrecked and it would be able to fight back. However, by following this policy, every person from
those non–communist countries have to be together to be a stronger country. In Document 2
(Truman Speech On The North Atlantic Treaty) it says "Together, our joint strength is of tremendous
significance to the future of free men in every part". It is clear that the president of the US should
follow the policy of making the country stronger because by joining in together and making the
country stronger will allow to conserve its country the way it is and not be taken over by

The Berlin Wall And The Cold War
Did you know that the Berlin Wall was a big deal world wide? The Berlin Wall came up during the
Cold War and the Cold War ended shortly after the Berlin Wall fell. The Berlin Wall separated East
and West Berlin. Many people died trying to cross the Berlin Wall to see family or friends. In 1987
Ronald Reagan (United States president from 1981 to 1989 ) demanded Mr.Gorbachev (general
secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union) to tear down the Berlin Wall to unite the
Berlin people. The struggle was called the Cold War because it did not actually lead to fighting. The
Cold War started in 1947 between the Eastern bloc and the Western bloc. In 1961 the Berlin Wall
went up. East and West Berlin were controlled by two different people. According to Words That
Built A Nation it says,"The Soviets controlled East Berlin, while England, France, and the United
States controlled West Berlin." Two years after the Berlin Wall went up John F Kennedy (United
States president from 1961 until his assassination in November 1963) gave a speech at the Berlin
Wall. According to Words That Built A Nation it says,"Two years later, President John F. Kennedy
made a speech at the wall. To show his support for the people of Berlin, he proclaimed, "Ich bine ein
Berliner." In John F. Kennedy's speech he said "Ich bine ein Berliner" which means I am a Berliner
in German. After the Berlin Wall went up people started to fight for the ability to cross the Berlin
Wall. Many people died trying

Communism And The Cold War
The Cold War, in one sense, was a power struggle between the two nuclear military giants of the
age, the United States and the Soviet Union. But on a more basic level, the Cold War was a contest
between two opposing ways of life. One was democratic capitalism, whose leading representatives
were the United States and the nations of Western Europe. The other was totalitarian Communism,
the system of the Soviet Union and its "satellite" nations in Eastern Europe. Between 1945 and
1990, despite constant tensions and an alarming buildup of nuclear arms on both sides, the United
States and the Soviet Union officially remained at peace–hence the name the "cold" war. Yet it was
hardly a peaceful era. Furthermore through newspapers in USSR (Pravda and ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
President Reagan and the White house began a military buildup that stimulated a new arms race.
Subsequently, the Reagan administration adopted the Strategic Defense Initiative to build up a space
shield for security and drove the Soviet Union into an arms race. As a result of the competition
created by the Cold War between the two superpowers, the USSR challenged by the US, heavy
industrialization was introduced to accommodate defensive expenditures and as a result a strain was
imposed on the Soviet budget. Economically under pressure with the combination of Mikhail
Gobrachev's radical policies of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (free market economy) the
Soviet Union collapsed in 1991 and gave rise to 15 different nations. The Cold War began as World
War II was ending. American leaders saw the power and ambitions of the Soviet Union as a threat to
our national security. The Cold War was a war of words and ideologies rather than a shooting war,
although at times the Cold War turned "hot" as in Korea and Vietnam. Basically, the Cold War was a
rivalry between the United States as leader of the western democracies, and the Soviet Union and
the nations that were controlled by the

The Berlin Wall : A Secret History
While studying about Europe in the twentieth century, it became clear that the cold war had a lasting
impact on the history of Germany as well as America's view on communism. In our text book the
Allies, especially the U.S., are always presented as being strongly opposed to the building of the
Berlin Wall. So why had the Berlin Wall been allowed to last for twenty–eight years? During a
search to find out more as to the reason for this lengthy existence, I came across the website for the
magazine History Today, or www.historytoday.com. There was an article entitled "The Berlin Wall:
A Secret History", its author Frederick Taylor states a dissimilar point of view concerning the Allied
leaders' response to the construction of the Berlin Wall than that of the text book. History Today's
website offers many articles about several eras throughout history, as well as, unique perspectives on
historical events.
After the end of World War II there was a change in the German Landscape. It was split into two
main regions. One region went to the NATO allies and the other went to the Warsaw Pact. People
were allowed to move freely between the two regions, which caused Eastern Berlin to lose many of
young, talented workforce. Eastern Berlin lost almost fifteen percent of its population because the
living conditions were much better on the West side. In order to fight the problem, the Soviets
decided to put a barrier between East and West Berlin. In the article, it explains the defenses

The Cold War In The 1972 Munich Olympics
In the 1972 Munich Olympics, the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States would
play out on the basketball court. The controversial calls by the officials would create a conflict to be
dealt with by the IOC, resulting in the USSR winning the gold medals. There would be no
compromise on the part of the Americans as they, still to this day, refuse to accept their silver
medals. This questionable game would eventually lead to a transformation of the International
Olympic Committee.
Believe me when I say the final game between the USA and USSR was much more than "just" a
basketball game. Although the Cold War itself was not battled on the basketball court, the two
countries still took the opportunity to show their dominance, it was a tool of politics. The events
leading up to the final match are what set the stage for a tension–filled game. The year was 1972,
but the Cold War had stated in 1941 and was still continuing on as Munich prepared for it's
Olympics. The Soviet Union and its satellite states (Eastern Bloc) and the United States and its
NATO allies (Western Bloc) were in a geopolitical dispute. "Cold War History." History.com. The
Western Bloc did not agree with Russia's way of rule, communism, and their blood–thirsty ruler.
This was the first of many things that made this Olympics very unique.
Another major event that contributed to the tone of the game was the Munich Massacre. Just a few
days prior terrorists affiliated with Black September captured

Fall Of The Berlin Wall Essay
After WW2, the ideological differences between the US and UUSR increased leading to a cold war.
It was known as a 'cold' war because there was no major fighting but a lot of tension. These tensions
lead to incidents such the Korean War and the Cuban Missile Crisis.
The Berlin Wall was built in August 1961 by the Communist Party which was ruling the Eastern part
of Germany.It was built because many civilians from the East Germany were migrating to West
Germany. The wall was built to stop the East Germans from fleeing across the border which was
leading to many problems such as disastrous drain of workers. After it was built, the wall was
heavily guarded by armed forces.
The Berlin Wall was built in a quick period of time and people living ... Show more content on
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The fall of the wall caused a lot of joy. As the wall fell on 9th of November, many people celebrated
it in great joy. Many people brought hammers to destroy it.
In my opinion, the Berlin Wall was a symbol of the Cold War so when it was knocked down, it
represented liberation and the end of the war. In the same year, 1989, Communism collapsed as a
form of government in East Europe as the Berlin Wall fell.
In conclusion, I believe that the Berlin Wall represents a period in time in which people were
separated into two completely different worlds. Though Communism is a good idea as it supports
equality, it ignored the fact that people also desire freedom. Building the Berlin Wall was a bad idea
in my opinion as it caused a lot of emotional breakdown causing them to unhappy and depressed. It
made people angrier and more upset over the ideas of the Communist Party. Closing the borders is
not the correct method the population in the area is not the correct method of keeping them in the
Eastern Bloc. If we look at the pictures and TV reports from 1989, they show the happiness and
contentment on people's faces after 28 years of waiting. So the Berlin Wall has become a symbolic
figure for causing artificial borders between people. It robbed freedom from

Russia 's Foreign Policy During The Cold War
At the height of the Cold War, Soviet foreign policy of the time was simple: increase world
influence through the spread of communism in order to undermine democracy, specifically the
United States. Today, Russia's foreign policy appears confusing to most westerners because of the
wide scope of Russian efforts but the objective is still the same: increase world influence. Currently,
Russia adopts a flexible diplomatic outlook by entering alliances that serve a temporary but
strategically significant purpose. Current global conditions and Russia's foreign policy will
complicate the United States' international strategy by increasing global economic competition
through economic partnerships with China and small military engagements within central and
eastern Europe and the Middle East. During the Cold War, Russia dominated the Eastern Bloc not
only in its military capability but through its economy as well. While Soviet products were not
considered to be of the highest quality, their manufacturing capability, supported by defense
spending was considerable. Whenever the Soviet economy floundered or the socialist/communistic
system was questioned, inevitably the Soviets assigned blame to capitalism and western influences.
In reality, when Mikhail Gorbachev became the general secretary of the communist party in 1985,
he instituted a major reform program with the intent of improving economic conditions for the
Soviet Union and its satellite states (History.com). The economic

Soviet Expansion Into Eastern Europe
Security has been disputed to be another driving factor, and possibly the main factor to the cause of
the cold war as it is interlinked both with ideology and the nuclear race. For instance, ideology and
security both influenced the same event, which in this case was the creation of the Eastern bloc.
(Heywood, 2014) stated that Soviet expansion into Eastern Europe was seen as "defensive rather
than aggressive", motivated essentially by a buffer zone desire. Security was an important factor
because the Soviets believed that by having the eastern bloc, they would be protected from Germany
as they had been invaded twice since 1917. Stalin wanted to ensure that future attacks will not
happen again. (Daddow, 2013) highlights how "states are primarily concerned with their own
survival and therefore prioritise military and security concerns". As a result this factor has great
importance because it highlights how misperceptions about the soviets desire to protect itself from
future invasion had led to several missed chances of peace. (Heywood, 2014) shows how the US
was concerned that the creation of a soviet–bloc was an expression of Russian imperial ambitions.
Robert Jervis in 'Security dilemma' states that "states can neither neglect the possibility that others
will become aggressive in the future nor credibly guarantee that they themselves remain peaceful".
He argued that although other motives such as 'greed, glory and honour' come into play, much of
international politics is

Cold War Dbq
The Cold War was a fight between the US and the Soviet Union which not only cost billions on both
sides but also tension. Through–out the Cold War the United states and the Soviet Union fought
together against the Axis powers but not for long. Tension began to rise among the two nations when
the United states started to feel uneasy about Soviet communism which caused the two to become
enemies. The fact that the Soviets wanted to expand communism along the East of Europe angered
many Americans becuase they felt the Soviets wanted to have control not only over their people, but
over the world.
To start off, the Berlin Blockade began when the Soviets pretty much started spreading communism
along Eastern Europe as a defense against Germany. After ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The Vietnam War was fought between South and North Vietnam over the reunification of Vietnam.
The North fought a more conventional warfare and it was supported by the Soviets and other
communist countries while the South fought more of a guerilla war and was supported by the US
and other anti–communist countries. Of course the US got involved and supported the South
because of the Truman Doctrine in which aided any country who felt threatened by communism and
prevented the spread of communism, the US got involved and supported them by going into war and
using military tactics such as airstrikes and large stratgetic bombings. One major thing the US had
going on was the Domino theory which applied to most US foreign policies, this justified their
support for non–communist regimes. North Vietnam saw this war as something small while the US
saw it as a way to prevent communism taking over another country and eventually the US got
involved in the long run. Although the North Vietnamese won and unified Vietnam under
communism, and the US had no success in preventing this, communism failed to spread through the
rest of Southeast Asia.
In–conclusion, the Cold War was built on mistrust, suspicion, and the Berlin Wall that came to
symbolize itself as the start of war. This was a fight between the Eastern and Western bloc during
the time the US had introduced policies about anti–communism. I believe it couldnt have been

Essay on The Fall of Communism
The era that preceded the formation of the Soviet Union was earmarked with social unrest, famine,
and failed governments. After many struggles, many smaller soviet republics joined to form a large
conglomerate nation, known as the Soviet Union in 1922. Vladimir Lenin, leader at the time,
replaced the failing capitalist government with a communist government. . At the end of WWII,
most of Eastern and Central Europe's countries were being occupied by the soviet army. They came
to be controlled by the Soviet government and pulled back behind an "iron Curtain". Winston
Churchill's famed Iron curtain remark refers to the countries that fell under the spell of the Soviet
Union and shut out the western world ways of capitalism. The countries of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
On June 12, 1987, United States President Ronald Regan issued a speech while at the Berlin Wall to
Mikhail Gorbachev, then the general Secretary of the Soviet Union– "General Secretary Gorbachev,
if you seek peace, if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and Eastern, if you seek liberalization,
come here to this gate. Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate. Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!"
(Wikipedia, 2011) Later, in the fall of 1989, civilians started chipping away at the wall. The growing
desire for personal rights, democratic government, and a better way of life lead to the break up of
the Eastern bloc. Citizens were tired of oppression, hunger, censorship, and in essence, life itself
being a hardship. Protestors gathered and a peaceful revolution had started to tear down the wall. By
the beginning of 1990, the wall was decimated with a few watch towers standing as memorials to
the fallen that tried to escape to freedom in the West. In December of 1991, the Soviet Union and the
Eastern Bloc officially broke apart, breaking up into fifteen sovereign countries. This was the end of
the biggest communist country in the world, end to the Cold War, and containment policies. The
former Soviet Union is now known as Russia. When governments are overthrown and dismantled,
some of the effects are obviously immediate while others last for centuries. The same rule applied to
the collapse of the soviet bloc in Eastern

Gorbachev and the East German Revolution
Introduction On November 9, 1989, the most iconic symbol of communism and the USSR fell. The
Berlin Wall symbolically represented the division of Europe as a result of the Cold War ; it divided
the West and East of Europe. Originally, after the end of World War II, the Allied powers disarmed
and broke Berlin into four zones of occupations: American, Soviet, British, and French. Slowly, the
Soviet Union started to gain control of Eastern Europe post–war. The Yalta Agreement in February,
1945, gave the Soviet Union complete power to extend its control beyond its borders into the
Eastern European Countries under the Red Army, and eventually, Eastern Germany was swallowed
into the Communist Regime. Until, the 1980s, the German Democratic ... Show more content on
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Gorbachev spearheaded this effort with his rise to General Secretary in March, 1985, with the
support of the Central Committee . To further public support of his new radical policy, perestroika
was influenced by Lenin in that in April of 1983, Gorbachev worked with Lenin tenets on the
formation of efficient economic laws, proper government spending, and planning costs . The
adoption of a more westernized economic policy did indeed lead to better working and living
conditions and eliminated Socialist ethics in economy . By 1987, the economy of the Soviet Union
had dramatically improved. Public support for Gorbachev was immense, and in January of 1987, the
Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CBSU) Central Committee decided that efforts to implement
democratic ideals should be increased . This allowed for a more liberal view of economic issues,
which led to the adoption of the "Fundamentals of Radical Restructuring of Economic Management"
in June, 1987 . This reform increased the independence of business, and granted all rights to the
businesses themselves. This was all part in structuring a more efficient and stable economy in the
Soviet Union. Furthermore, glasnost, a policy in which democratic ideals is implemented into
society, was used . Gorbachev also used perestroika and glasnost in his foreign policy. In November
of 1986,

Why Did The Cold War Happened?
What was the cold war? This paper goes on to explain everything about the cold war and how and
why it all happened. Some may wonder whose fault it was or why people didn't want to stop instead
of going on to fight. But mostly who helped who through the war. There are a lot of questions but
most of the matter to know about because it's the history of the cold war one of the biggest wars
since World War 1 and 2. But the reason of the cold war was...
The cold war was a bunch of military tension in World War 2. Also it was between the Western bloc
and the Eastern bloc. But the word cold is meant as there was no large scale between the Western or
Eastern bloc so one isn't better than the other. So the cold war was basically a proxy war to where
instead

How Did Stalin Affect The Sovietization Of Eastern Europe
Sovietisation of Eastern Europe 1945–1968
World war two saw a grand alliance of Britain, America and Russia created in order to defeat their
common enemy, Adolf Hitler. In pursuit of this goal they attended a number of conferences to plan
their attacks and to decide on the future of post war Europe. At Teheran in 1943 Churchill voiced
concerns about the post–war situation in Eastern Europe, he was afraid that victory over the Nazis
would leave the USSR in control of Eastern Europe. To prevent this from happening he proposed
that the Anglo–American's open up a second front in the Balkans. Stalin rejected this proposal as he
knew it would thwart his plan to extend his 'sphere of influence' in Eastern Europe after the war, and
insisted the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While Stalin had promised that the elections would be free and fair, they were anything but. In the
1947 election the communists won 80% of the vote and a one–party communist state was created.
The Catholic Church became the main opposition voice in Poland with Cardinal Wyszynski
imprisoned for his support of resistance groups. Despite this, the sovietisation of Poland lasted 40
years.
In Hungary the communists initially formed only a small part of a national government after the
war. In the 1945 election the communists only won 17% of the vote while the Smallholders Party
won 60%. However, under pressure from the Soviet Union the PM Tidly was forced to appoint a
communist Rákosi as his deputy and Rajk as minister of the interior, latter position meant that the
communists controlled the police and the legal system and they used this to terrorise members of the
opposition parties. In the 1947 election the communists won 24% of the vote but by merging with
the social Democrats they were able to get the Parliament to pass a new constitution in 1949.
The coalition government in Czechoslovakia lasted longer than in other eastern bloc countries. The
democratic parties held the majority in this government with Benes as president and Jan Masaryk as
Foreign Minister. However as had happened in other eastern bloc countries a communist, Gottwald,
was appointed PM and they

The Cold War And Its Effects Of The Cold War
ABSTRACT
After the World War II, the military and political tension started between two powers of Eastern
Bloc (Soviet Union and its allies in the Warsaw pact) and Western Bloc (The United States and its
NATO allies). The military and political term used as the "cold war", because there was no any
direct large scale war started between the Eastern and Western Blocs. But there were some major
regional wars, which are known as the Proxy wars in Vietnam, Korea and Afghanistan. In these
Proxy wars both sides supported their allies' against each other. This cold war split the war time
temporary against the Nazi Germany and divided into two supreme powers on the ground of
political, economical, technology, one as US and 2nd as USSR. Both super powers have nuclear
deterrent and they engaged to prepare their self for possible nuclear world war. East side was busy in
struggle of dominance via Proxy wars and around the world psychological warfare. International
relations was effected by this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Further than five hundred people vanished their careers. Many of them were "blacklisted" like the
directors, writers, actors and many others were powerless to effort again for further than a years. The
'House Un–American Activities Committee' (HUAC) also suspect National Sector employees of
charming in dissident activities. In a little while other anti–communist statesmen, most remarkably
Senator 'Joseph McCarthy' prolonged this investigation to contain everyone who functioned in the
central administration. Thousands of central workers were inspected dismissed and even impeached.
As this anti–communist emotion feast all through in the 1950s. Liberal college professors vanished
from their occupations, individuals were requested to give evidence against associates and
'trustworthiness promises' became

How Did Gorbachev Contribute To The Collapse Of Communism...
How can we explain the sudden collapse of Communism in Europe?
Communism was a very popular ideology which was in great favor during the inter–war period but
in the 1980s, there was an unanticipated demise of Communism. So how can we explain the sudden
collapse of communism in Europe? I would argue that there were several forces converging to the
breakdown of communism in Eastern Europe. Factors such as the high expenses of engaging in
nuclear arms, the lost of their satellite states, the growing economic disparity in Europe and the
changing attitudes and values of the younger people converged together that brought communism to
the brink of collapse in Europe. The most important factor, however, was the role of Gorbachev and
his ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The disparity between the Soviet Union economy and that of the United States was what alerted
Gorbachev that the Communist economy was not doing well. Soviet's command economy was not
concerned with matching supply and demand but with administering inputs and outputs. In other
words, the economy was detached from the consumer and producers. The Communist countries
were unable to catch up with globalization because of the inadequate resources. USSR did not have
the capital to modernize their industries. On top of that, there was a big gap in the quantity
production and the quality was evidently poor as well. Much of the money that was needed for its
economy went to nuclear arms, space technology and to support its eastern bloc countries.
'Economic problems, however, were not isolated to Russia alone, by 1989 the satellite states had
accumulated a foreign debt of 49 billion,' (Maier, 1997: 59). Economic and industrial progress
degenerated further when the USSR withdrew its support from the satellite states that were heavily
dependent on Russia. The Communist ideology began to decline so quickly that the socialist
economic system no longer worked as the best system. Against the backdrop of such austere
economic prospects, Gorbachev's policies of glasnost and perestroika indirectly implied that the
soviet styled economy was obsolete and clearly failing. This brought about

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