Health And Social Care Research

Health And Social Care Research
In health and social care research tends to accept the methods of social science research because the projects often involve investigating people's
feelings, observations and attitudes, which do not lend themselves to investigation by scientific methodology.
Quantitative research Scientific method involves quantitative information. For example measuring changes in the body and analysing blood or urine
samples. Body mass index is used to measure height and weight to distinguish whether an individual is a healthy weight.
Quantitative research also involves:
–How many times something happens in a given period of time, normally expressed as per minute, per hour and per day.
–How many individuals there are in a particularly category for example those with the disease and those without the disease
– Information involving more complex equipment and processes such as analysing a sample of blood to measure its haemoglobin content to assess
whether a patient is anaemic or not
Specific measure instruments are used in quantitative research. Gathered measurements are recorded on a chart, which can reveal how small changes
between individual measurements may equal to a more noticeable change over a period of time.
Qualitative research This type of research involves getting together information that cannot be easily quantified and instead can only be recorded using
language. This type of data is usually collected using unstructured interviews, audio recording of conversations or
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A Research Background On Social Network Services
3.Research Background
On April 15, 2013, two pressure cooker bombs exploded near the Boston Marathon finish line at around 2:49 pm in a period of few seconds, killing
three people and injuring three hundred people. On April 18, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) identified the primary suspects, Tamerlan
Tsarnaev and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, and released their pictures and surveillance videos on the media. The first suspect was reported to be killed in an
encounter with the police. The second suspect was caught the next day at 8:50 pm.
The announcement regarding this disaster was on social network services (SNS) in one minute after the incident. In the span of five days from April 15
to April 19, there were many tweets exchanged between people about the incident, their views on the situation, their anxiety, confusion and response to
different announcements from the Boston Police Department and other news media. There was a huge number of tweets exchanged between users
about the incident before the explosion and after. This includes the tweets which gave real–time information and information about tracking suspects to
the public. At the same time, it also lead to the diffusion of negative emotions among public.
Paul Ekman, who is an American Psychologist, found six emotions which are universal – Sadness, Anger, Fear, Happiness, Disgust and Surprise. In this
study, we were focusing on the three negative emotions – Anger, Fear (Anxiety) and Sadness. (Wikipedia 15th April,

A Research On Social Media
Forrester Research provided the research behind Social Technographics. Their research identified six types of the social media users and how they
interact in the online environment. The Social Technographics ladder presented in Figure 3.3. of our reading depicts a ladder with different
participation groups at each rung. These groups include: creators, conversationalists, critics, collectors, joiners, spectators, and inactives. It is worth
noting that these groups are not exclusive, meaning a user could fit into multiple categories for different interactions (Tuten & Solomon, 2013, p.
74). Skittles is a poplar candy brand known for their wacky advertising. It is no wonder that their social media marketing would be just as wacky and
popular. Skittles must be very aware to the different categories of the ladder to be so successful in their social media marketing efforts. Creators are
the content creators. Their content is shared with other users and adds to the social media experience. User–generated content can include: video,
photos, blogs, vlogs, comments, podcasts, forums, product reviews, wiki contributions, and consumer created advertising. Creators are distinguished
as users who provide content for other users interact with and constitute 24 percent of social media participants (Tuten & Solomon, 2013, p. 74)
Skittles has a promotion on their Facebook page that appeals to contributors. If a user posts a photo to the page, they can become Skittles "Best Fan
Forever" for

Social Media Research Paper
Many people enjoy using social media sites but again this, at times, create a risk to society. The fact that people can share photos, videos and
messages via social platform, causes these tools to be misused by some individuals. Pornographic platforms have been developed whose uploads have
resulted in ruining the younger generation who end up being involved in sexual activities at early stages in their life (Ahn, June. 2011). The fact that
the younger generation can interact with older generation, exposes them to sexual predators. Malicious people take advantage of the innocence of
children and entice them resulting sexual abuse.
Kids are exposed to cases of cyberbullying which is almost equal to life bullying. Children can receive messages which harasses their peace. These
messages include teasing comments to threaten the child. To ensure that children do not undergo this, parents should make sure that they set their
children account at private mode to ensure that they are not easily predated by bullies (Ahn, June. 2012). In cases where cyberbullying happens, the
affected should be properly guided on how to overcome it. Children should be advised not to give personal information like their real name, home
address or phone numbers to avoid bullies who want to track them.
Social loafing is a vice which has affected the young generation. Most of the young people are addicted in using social media sites such that they
abandon their duties (Bohnert, and Ross, W. 2010). A Facebook research done by a professor of the LOWA University, uncovers what students actually
do during their class time. Students spend most of their time texting and sharing pictures with friends. In his research, the professor says that Facebook
has caused more harm than good.
Social media is an inevitable wave. It is changing day by day. Many parents worry about how this would impact their children in terms of
development. Current young generation is embracing the new social media technology. This technology has been growing day by day. Many children
are taking this wave with a lot of concern. They are adopting it at a greater pace than the older generation. While this is at least a good thing for them,
it might come at a cost. Parents should

A Research Study On The Social Sciences
The Social Sciences consist of a variety of disciplines that aim to understand the behaviour, interactions and relationships between individuals and
society. Social scientists conduct research in order to gain a deeper insight into the factors that affect individuals. They do so by using systematic
methods of investigation that allow them to analyse and interpret their findings, and thus create a new theory of knowledge or expand upon the
existing knowledge of a theory (Giddens & Sutton, 2013). Researchers may use a variety of processes that provide a solid and coherent structure to their
research that ensures its validity and reliability. Choosing the right process will aid the researcher in better understanding the area of research and thus
may allow them to apply their findings to the workings of the wider social world.
Irwin & Elley's (2011) "Concerted Cultivation? Parenting Values, Education and Class Diversity, is a study into the effects of class diversity and
parental values of the importance of modern child education, uses a mixed method of investigation. The research takes into account previous studies
into class diversity and parental roles in children's development and socialisation. The research question of the study is not made clear at the beginning
of the article to suggest an aim as to what the study seeks to explain, though a hypothesis is offered within the findings of the study. The research also
uses quantitative and qualitative data gathering

Social Justice Research Paper
Journal Entry Week One Justice and social justice are both very highly congested terms with multiple meanings. Some define justice as equality or
fairness. Today, social justice is defined by three things: if something is fair, equitable, or beneficial. These three elements are the same for humans,
individuals, and other species. There are many questions that help individuals understand the true definition of social justice. Personally to me both
justice and social justice have a lot to do with personal experiences, how you were raised, and the environment you live in. My definition of social
justice is when all people try and share an equal humanity, which gives people the right to have fair treatment. In social justice people shouldn't be
discriminated against based on a number of things. Some of those include gender, sexual orientation, race, socioeconomic circumstances, or religion.
Social justice is the idea of having equal opportunity in a society, when in reality that is very hard to do. In John Rawls, A Theory of Justice, he ... Show
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Wright Mills, The Sociological Imagination, I understood sociological imagination as the idea to only see what one wants to see. The example in
class describing the woman breast feeding in public with a Victoria's Secret model poster behind her helped broaden my ideas on the term. This
term opens an individual to different dimensions that he or she is not used to. It makes us take our personal concerns and transform them into
social issues. The woman breastfeeding felt disrespected because she was doing what is natural to her. I come from a very small town which can
be very close minded at times. We as a society have ideas of what is right and wrong. When in reality right and wrong is your own perspective on
issues and ideas. This brings us back to the term social justice and treating everyone equal. If we truly lived a "Socially Just" lifestyle, we would not
discriminate the woman doing what is natural to

Objectivity Of Social Research : Free Of Bias Or Prejudice
Objectivity of Social Research: Free of Bias or Prejudice
There is a change of belief of people: some believing that objectivity in social research is possible, others believe it to be not. Five diverse kinds of
advices are progressive for Social Research not being objective:
1. Sociological decisions are biased, being painted by researcher's personal life experiences.
2. All intentions are restricted to their connotation to specific linguistic backgrounds belonging to the similar manner.
3. All sociological philosophies are shaped by, and restricted to, specific social groups. Such a policy is seldom taken to be a consequence of the
sociology of information which indulgences all information as a function of social site.
4. All explanations are inevitably driven by theories or principles.
5. All members of a society have dissimilar values; sociologists will instinctively, but essentially have their opinions prejudiced by their morals.
Some sociologists contend that objectivity in some of the above sanities is not essentially looked–for; it is contended that the sociologist/social
researcher should be serious and advocate specific values.
Few views for Objectivity in Social Researches
There have been some views formulated for Social Researches and the researchers as well, few are explained as below:
Normativism
The contradictory view establishes the speculative situation of normativism. This position causes a number of philosophies, the most significant of
which are

Social Contract Research
Pacing steadily up to the cashier, the masked man presses the pistol against the cashiers' head. He demands for all the cash, and the employee
stares blankly forward. Sweat trickles down the worker's face but she stands there, paralysed. He pushes the muzzle harder into her temple and her
trembling hand reaches forward. In a matter of seconds he starts to yell and all of a sudden the girl is lying on the floor lifeless. In the matter of two
minutes, a life was exchanged for a few hundred dollars and a candy bar. It is hard to rationalize a scenario such as this, but in reality, it is a rather
common occurrence. Sadly, Humans can be brutal and destructive creatures. Is it instinct or our society to blame? The great theorists of the
enlightenment... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rationality is highly subjective and it could be argued that those inclined to have aggressive and anti–social behaviour are not rational beings. With
"aggressive behaviour", violent inclination, and detached nature, those with the warrior gene may not be able to make rational decisions (Powledge,
2016). With this conclusion, the rationality of those with the warrior gene is questionable and therefore unfit to accept the conditions of the social
contract. The social contract wholly depends on the compliance of the people. Not to mention, the study found that those imprisoned were highly linked
to the gene while non–criminal controls were not (Thomas, 2016). The fact that those with the gene are disobeying the law anyways proves that the
system at work currently is not stopping individuals from acting on their aggressive inclinations. Their lack of acceptance of the social contract makes
gene discrimination more appealing for those who do give consent. Chaos manifests as the incentive to follow the social contract collapses as more
people refuse the social contract. If treatment for those with the gene would mean more compliance to the law, it may be the ethical decision. However,
again, the social contract is dependent on the rationality of beings and with the question of what is rational or not being up in the air, it is impossible to
determine whether genetically combatant humans should be under the same jurisdiction as everyone

The Impact Of Social Research On Human Life And Its Relevance
Social research has long been considered as one of the most common and useful method for researchers in the aim of understanding society and its
relevance, contributing to improvement of human life (Sarantakos, 1994). In order to find the most appropriate answers for the research questions
above, the planned research is going to elaborate as follows
3.1Research approach
There is no doubt that most of social researches are always really in a need of using theory, leading to a requirement on using approach methods
rationally. There have three types of research approaches including deduction, induction and abduction. Each possess their own logical approaching
basing on characteristic so that researchers are highly advised to consider literature review careful before choosing an approach to maximise outcomes
of researches (Saunders et al, 2012a)
Although "mental contract" was mentioned and examined along with both of them in terms of consumer confident and customer loyalty, this concept
maybe still new and not be well defined by any expertise or people coming from academic fields (Ou et al, 2013). Additionally, the scale of this
research is not huge. Therefore, inductive approach would be recommended in such circumstance.
It is expected the result can bring marketing a new valuable definition or even theory since this approach consistently constructed with rigid
methodology in which none of substitute evidence is accepted to understand perceptions of human being.
3.2

Social Research On Natural Disasters And The Disaster
Kathleen Tierney's article explains the ways in which social research on natural disasters came to be and how it is currently at the threshold of much
needed evolution. Beginning during the Cold War, research on natural disasters began to take place. The US government and military leaders were
concerned on how the public would react during times of social crisis, particularly during the event of a nuclear strike. Government and military
officials were concerned about possible panic and the breakdown of society. They wondered if citizens would rise to the occasion and help in recovery
efforts, or if they would become unstable and destructive in their response to sociological breakdowns. While much research had already been done
during World War II, it was believed that more research was necessary to establish a clearer idea of how citizens would react in the face of social
upheaval. To provide these answers, officials believed that they could evaluate the aftermath of natural disasters. Funders of such potential research
believed that "...natural and technological disasters provided useful laboratories for studying social behavior under conditions of large–scale physical
destruction and social disruption" (Tierney, 2007, p. 504).
Stemming from the need of this information came the creation of various research centers such as the DRC, or the Disaster Research Center. One of
the Founders of the DRC was E. L. Quarantelli, who was highly influenced by "...research traditions in collective behavior and symbolic
interactionism" (Tierney, 2007, p. 504). Two other founders of the DRC, Russell Dynes and J. Euguene Haas, were "...organizational researchers"
(Tierney, 2007, p. 504). The influence of the founders of the DRC enabled many studies to be conducted on the ways society handled natural disasters.
The DRC was focused on conducting studies that were more qualitive than quantitative, meaning they were more focused on observational studies that
included interviews, field observations, and the collection of archival materials than on traditional surveys and statistics (Tierney, 2007, p. 505). These
approaches allowed researchers to go into the field and conduct studies on various types of social crises. Research was

Social Science Research: Social Change In Human And Social...
Defining Social Science Research
In gaining a clear understanding of Social Science Research based on this week's readings and other scholarly articles, I consider breaking down this
term into two sections. Firstly, Social Science is the scientific study of human interaction/behaviors in a given society. Secondly, because there are
different theories on subject matters in the study of Social Science it is imperative that data is collected and analysis. According to Babble (2016)"
Theory+ Data Collection + Data Analysis = Social Science and these are the steps taken in Social Research, Figure1–1" (pp. 9, parp 1). Therefore, my
own definition of Social Science Research would be to investigate facts, and finding new facts in answering ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In using research it will build my academic skills, and support my work with facts, give me the knowledge of what actually works better for the
clients/consumers, and will also assist me in evaluating the quality of Human Service programs and what needs to be change. Social Science
Research can impact social change in social policy, social justice, and public services. Research for me as a Human and Social Services professional
can open doors in understanding people from different cultures other than my own. For example, it is imperative for professionals to be Culturally
Competent. "Cultural competence is the knowledge of, attitudes toward, values understood, and skills used in working with ethnic minority clients,
services, and organizations" (Fong, Fong & Furuto, Fong,McRoy, & Hendricks, Cited by Dettlaff & Fong, 2011pp.53 parp.1 ). "Limited English
proficiency is known to be a barrier to the effective delivery of services" (Funnan Cited by Casado, Negi, & Hong, 2012. pp.8.parp. 3). The authors
stated "that advancement of research with language minorities is an important step toward the improvement of health and social services access and
quality of care among this group" (Casado, Negi &Hong.2012

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Social Research Methods
Social research methods can be defined as "academic research on topics relating to questions relevant to the social scientific fields" (Bryman, 2015,
p.3). The theoretical perspective relating to the nature of the social world, also known as their ontological position, and how they may find out about
the social world, known as their epistemological position will influence the methods they use, and the conclusions drawn from these methods. In this
essay, the first section explains the theoretical perspectives, ethics and methodological discussion surrounding social research methods. The second
section draws on my own experiences of undertaking a qualitative interview, and aims to critically analyse the strengths and weaknesses and how these
would be overcome in the future. There are three main types of theoretical perspective; Positivists, who use social research as a 'hard science', and
favour quantitative methods. Interpretivists, who try to understand meaning, and use qualitative methods, and feminists, who focus upon marginalised
groups. Methodological triangulation is the combination of more than one theoretical perspective, to gain full and rich data.
Qualitative interviews, favoured by Interpretivists, are used in social research methods to facilitate a more evocative communication of people's life
experiences, activities, emotions, and identities, more so than quantitative methods of research. The main task of qualitative interviewing is to
'understand the meaning

Social Work Research
Social work research is often under the constraints of institutional systems, often, the very systems that oppress the people or communities being
researched. Anti–oppressive research methods, begin by, according to Potts and Brown (2015), considering the various interest, power, relationships,
and stakeholders in our research. In social work research, those stakeholders may include funders, government organizations, and nonprofits.
Keeping the nonprofit industrial complex in mind, all of the listed systems are likely to influence the research and desired results regardless of the
intentions of the researcher. This brings the up the importance of the researcher's positionality, reflexivity, power and the methods they choose to
use. I try to be critical of social work research, specifically, my praxis because I did not learn about any of the methods and practices below in our
social work research course. An additional reason to be critical of social work research is because [we] are also involved in advocacy and policy
development ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the process of trying to "help" communities, this research may further exploit them because the information they share is viewed as a commodity if
the methods are Euro–American based. Kanuha (2000) stated that with social work's long–standing efforts to challenge social relations that are
historically inequitable and with claims of multiculturalism and cultural competence as hallmarks of the profession, social work literature is
surprisingly deficient about questioning the hegemony of the subject–object relationship in research. Examples abound of native or indigenous
research in social work literature including people of color studying their own racial or ethnic groups. In addition to that, Fraser and Jarldorn (2015)
states that part of the process of anti–oppressive social work is to notice how dominant discourses can infiltrate and distort our

Social Norms In Research
Social norms are people's beliefs about the attitudes and behaviors that are normal, acceptable or even expected in a particular social context. In many
situations people's perceptions of these norms will greatly influence their behavior. When people misperceive the norms of their peer group–that is,
when they inaccurately think an attitude or behavior is more (or less) common than is actually the case–they may choose to engage in behaviors that
are in sync with those false norms.1 Pluralistic Ignorance is the term that is used in academia to discuss social norms theory and refers to the incorrect
belief that one's private attitudes, judgments or behaviors are different from others. With regard to bullying, many youth may falsely believe that

Assess the Argument That Is Neither Possible nor Desirable...
Assess the argument that is neither possible nor desirable to use experiments in social research
Experiments are a scientific procedure which is used to test a hypothesis. There are two different types of experiments which are available to the
researcher, these are laboratory and field.
In laboratory experiments all variables are under the control of the researcher, the researcher will obtain their results from taking two groups which are
identical. One group will be the control group and the other will be the experimental group. The researcher will then alter the independent variable in
the experimental group to see if the variable that the researcher is investigating changes in any way when compared to the control group. If there is ...
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This therefore, makes laboratory experiments appear to be not possible to conduct in regards to social research.
Additionally, laboratory experiments in social research can cause the Hawthorne effect which can reduce the validity of the research and also make
them seem undesirable. The Hawthorne effect is when the presence of a researcher changes the behaviour of the group that is being studied. The
participants are not showing their true behaviour and one reason why they may be altering their behaviour when in the presence of a researcher is
because they think that they have guessed what the researcher is studying and therefore wants to help them with their research by acting in the way
that they think the researcher wants to see. Their assumptions though are not always correct.
Field experiments are those conducted in the real world and under normal social conditions, but following a similar procedure to the laboratory
experiments. Participants in this experiment do not normally know that they are being studied in an experiment; this therefore eradicates the
Hawthorne effect, but causes another undesirable outcome as it causes a problem with getting consent. Interpretivists are typically interested in using
field experiments as they want to know how meanings and labels can get attached to different people and then how others then view them.
Overall, there are

Social Referencing in Infants: A Review of Historical and...
Social referencing, according to Bernstein, Penner, Clarke–Stewart, and Roy (2008), occurs in ambiguous social situations when cues are taken from
other people to determine appropriate actions. This processes is important in the lives of developing and growing infants, as they are continuously
confronted with new and strange situations in their new worlds. These infants often gain information about these situations from their primary care
giver, historically the mother. This paper will provide a summary of research relating to social referencing in infants. The foundational work of Saul
Feinman will be reviewed. Current research looking at how depression affects social referencing and how fathers are looked to for social cues will also
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was theorized that this condition exists in depressed mothers. The researchers wanted to determine if training in social referencing could increase
social referencing the infants. Forty–four 8–12 month old infants with mothers showing significant symptoms of depression participated in the study.
All infant–mother pairs were divided into two groups, a control group and an experimental group. All pairs were observed interacting spontaneously in
the pretest condition. In the posttest condition, the control group was again observed interacting spontaneously, but the experimental group received
training in behavioral procedures referenced in social situations; in this research, these procedures included discrimination training reinforcement. The
researchers found that training significantly increased the infants' action of looking toward their mother and the appropriate behaviors in response,
indicating that training improved social referencing in the infants.
This finding is important because it suggests the deficit in social learning experienced in infants with depressed mothers is reversible. However, the
researchers noted several limitations. These included the highly artificial and experimental conditions, uncertainty of the level of depression in
mothers, previous evidence of the tendency of depressed mothers to be more responsive in a laboratory setting than in a natural environment, possible
emotional factors, and the

Research Methods in Health and Social Care
Critical review of quantitative research
Majid,S.Foo,S.Luyt,B.Ahang,X.Theng,YL.Chang,YK.Mokhtar,IA.(2011) Adopting and evidence–based practice in clinical decision making: nurses'
perceptions, knowledge , and barriers. Journal of the Medical Library Association 99(3) PP229–236.
This essay will be a critical review on the study conducted by Majid et al (2011). The article which is titled 'Adopting evidence–based practice in
clinical decision making:
Nurses' perceptions, knowledge, and barriers'. Investigates the attitudes of Singaporean nurses regarding; evidence based practise. The researchers
wanted to identify how the nurses informed were about evidence base practice. They also wanted to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The questions were compiled by a team comprising information studies faculty at the Nanyang Technological University and nursing representatives
from the National University hospital. Making the questionnaire unbiased towards the researchers. Marczyk, et al. (2005) states that it is important for
all research to not be biased towards the researchers.
Quantitative research methods are objective as it uses measurements and analysis of statistical data to answer the study question. The researchers'
opinions do not affect the outcome of the study, ensuring that the study is unbiased. Another advantage is quantitative research uses numbers and
statistics which is understood universally (Houser,2008).
The researchers have clearly described how they implemented their research in the methods section; the study is easily replicable as it uses a survey
questionnaire to collect data.
However the research study would have been better if they used qualitative methods to find out the nurse's perceptions, knowledge and barriers
towards evidence based practice in clinical decision making. Majid, et al. (2011) could have interviewed some of the participants to get detailed
descriptions of how they feel about evidence based practice in clinical decision making. This would allow the researches to get an in–depth
understanding making the study more valid (Saris and Gallhofer, 2007).
Quantitative research is best used for quantifying relationships

Research Methods Of Health And Social Care
Throughout research in Health and social care settings, there are many implications with the research, which takes place. Many research methods
include ethical issues which have to be considered when conducting research. Ethical issues need to be considered when research is being conducted, in
all methods of conducting the research information.
One method of research is using interviews. For example, when using interviews in a care home, when conducting research, many ethical issues can be
raised. Interviews not only take place face–to–face, but also can happen on the phone, online, through text messaging, using a video messenger and
though social media. Interviews are a very useful way of collecting information because a wide range of detailed information can be collected at a large
quantity. There are two types of interviews: structured or unstructured.
Structured interviews are where the interviewer has already pre–planned the questions that they will use in the interview. This is useful because the
interview can be repeated, as the questions are standardised.
Unstructured interviews are not made up of prepared questions. The interviewer will ask more open questions about board topics and then use
follow–up questions to gain more answers in further detail. This method of interview is time–consuming however it enables the interviewee to answer
questions in more detail and depth. It is possible that audio–recordings can be

The Pros and Cons of Social Surveys in Sociological...
The Advantages and Limitations of Social Surveys in Sociological Research
To survey something, is to carry out a systematic overview so that a researcher can produce a comprehensive general report on it. Survey method is
often used by positivist sociologists seeking to test their hypotheses, and to investigate causes and examine variables. As with every other sociological
research, survey has its own advantages and limitations.
Positivist research, which is in the scientific tradition, begins with a hypothesis that can be either confirmed or rejected according to the data collected.
One of the significant advantages of survey method is that, it can be used to collect data that is a representative ... Show more content on
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Also, since subjective opinions might change from time to time, they are unreliable whereas objective facts can be repeated. This means that to check
survey data a researcher can repeat or replicate the survey under the same conditions and guidelines and it will give the same result, therefore it is
highly reliable.
Another advantage of surveys is that they act as measurement tools. For example Booth and Rowntree were revolutionary social scientists who used
the survey method to measure the extent of poverty at the end of the 19th century. In more recent cases, Townsend and Mack and Lansley measured the
extent of poverty in modern Britain using the survey method. The thing about surveys is that they act as measurement tools in the sense that they
(normally) present data in statistical form. Since numbers are more understandable and at times more believable than words, it is no wonder that
surveys help people to see and understand facts – such as the increase or decrease in poverty in a country – better than, for example, lengthy wordy
conclusions from observations.
In spite of these advantages, there are limitations to this. Although survey "can be used to collect data that is a representative of a larger population",
but in reality the representative samples are very difficult to obtain. A researcher might not always have access the

Positivism And Epistemology In Social Research
The continued growth of knowledge and concepts can refer as the research philosophy (Singh, 2010). Knowledge and its principles that are concerning
in the research philosophy is crucial for an appropriate research analysis (Jonker and Pennink, 2010). Nine different theoretical those are generally
applied in social research such as postmodernism, feminism, interpretivism, constructionism, and positivism (Crotty, 1998). Two types of this theory
are described in detail below.
Positivism versus Interpretivism
The idea of positivism depends on the presence of an outer social world, which is the reason to use the objective method to test the properties more than
subjective induction utilizing instinct, reflection or sensation (Bhattacharya, 2009). Positivism involves the selection of natural logical philosophical
techniques (Cheswell, 2003). Positivists notice the social reality, which causes speculations like the law that has been found by physical researchers
(Jonker and Pennink, 2010). The hypothesis can be removed and tested utilizing this approach, prompting an exhaustive examination of the law
(Bhattacharya, 2009).
On the other hands, interpretivism is an epistemology that necessary for the researchers to comprehend the distinction between people by social action.
This philosophy requires the exploration to manage amongst people not by an object like a computer (Babbie, 2010). Therefore, the significant
differences between positivism and interpretivism are illustrated as

Qualitative Social Work Research
Social work research is a systematic and objective inquiry that uses the scientific method to solve human problems and creates new knowledge that is
generally applicable to the social work profession (Grinnell, Jr., Williams, and Unrau, 2016). There are two approaches one can take when conducting
research: a quantitative or qualitative approach. Quantitative examines things that can be measured. Qualitative examines the qualities of a specific
topic. In the case of this paper a qualitative approach would be most effective. The qualities of African American men who experience mental health
issues because of childhood emotional trauma is being examine. Social work research is important for two basic reasons: 1) it can guide social workers
to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, the factors that contribute to the mental health of African American men are often examined by researchers. Most factors that researchers
discover include socio–economic status, demographics, and health care problems, amongst other thing. Surprisingly, few researchers connected mental
health of African American men to the childhood emotional trauma they could had endured. Thus, making this an understudied topic.
Description: During this step researchers observe and then describe what they have observed. For example, over the course of my life I have
observed/encountered African American men who refuse to show any type of vulnerable emotions because they feel if they do they will be
considered weak or less of a man. Based off of my observation many of those men suffer from some type of mental health issue later on in their lives.
Thus, leading me to wonder is there a connection between the two,
Explanation: During this step researchers simply explain things. In this case I would explain why African American men refuse to show any vulnerable
emotions compared to other races/genders or I would explain why African American refuse to seek professional help when having a mental health

Social Conformity Research
Social influence is a huge factor in human life; the psychology behind it focuses on how an individual is susceptible to behavioural and attitudinal
change when in a social environment. People can be influenced majorly by the actions, opinions and general presence of others and there are
psychological reasons for this. One piece of research that supports why people are influenced by others is the study of conformity. Conformity is a
type of social influence that results in a person changing his or her own behaviour and attitude because of the real or imagined influence of others.
Conformity can be separated into three groups, as proposed by Herbert Kelman in 1958; these are compliance, internalisation and identification.
Compliance is an individual... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is when a person simply accepts the information given to them by others in order to justify their own beliefs. Informational influence usually
takes place in situations where an individual has to choose a track to follow, for example in a crisis. It is human instinct to observe the reactions of
others as acting in a similar manner helps us to feel secure. An example of informational influence in crisis is the Orson Welles "War of the Worlds"
radio broadcast in 1938. An individual who is conforming, because of internalisation, usually tend to believe in the others' ideas more than their own
and because of this, they not only comply to behaving in a certain way around them but also try to change their own attitude in private circumstance
too. The third type of conformity is identification, which takes place when a person wants to gain a certain identity for him or herself. An individual
may want to be associated with a particular person or a group and so may feel the need to act in a certain way. Identification is sometimes considered
by psychologists as a mix between compliance and internalisation; the individual accepts that the group hold the correct beliefs and behavioural
manners, which is internalisation, but are doing this in order to gain acceptance and approval, which is

Importance Of Research In Health And Social Care
In this assignment, I will be defining and discussing the purpose and importance of research in health and social care. I will also be including some
examples used in health and social care sciences by comparing different types of research, as well as the main research methodologies.
Research is a way of finding out improved ways to prevent and treat diseases. According to (moule, P. and hek, G.)research is a systematic approach to
gathering information for the purpose of answering questions and solving problems in the pursuit of creating new knowledge about health and social
care.
"Doctors and healthcare professionals know a great deal about health, disease and treatments, but there are still some things that are unknown. Research
can help find answers to things that are unknown, filling gaps in knowledge and changing the way that doctors and healthcare professionals deliver
care" (Nihr.ac.uk, 2017) The purpose and importance of research in health and social care is for establishing patterns and statistics, exploring patterns
of disease, feedback from service users, exploring theories, to extend understanding of theories and reviewing and monitoring changes in practice.
(Assignments Writing – Help For Students, 2017)
The main research in methodologies are quantitive and qualitative. Quantitive research means observing trends and patterns in data, sampling polls and
questionnaires. Qualitative research is Informal observation, formal observation and structured or

Positionality: Research and Social World
Introduction:
Before joining my Masters in Business administration, I have done few researches at my working places, not knowing that there are some many
methods, approaches, etc. Thanks to Dr. Stephen Sommerville, for teaching me to do research in the professional way. Let my first research be the
critical review of my own positionality i.e. who am I to me and in the others point of view? Does my positionality affect the research works I took or
will take?
Sitting back and thinking about the research that I have done in the past, I can say that the positionality had some impact on my research.
In this paper let us see how ....
Literature Review:
First of all what does this word research means?
Let us quickly see ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This approach is diagonally opposite to the positivist approach.
According to Interpretivist, to understand the whole complexity of the world the simple fundamental laws that are used by positivist are not sufficient.
They argue that the observing the intentional behaviour and actions of human beings is impossible.
Authors Boris Blumberg, Donald Cooper, Pamela Schindler say, Interpretivist argue that simple fundamental laws are insufficient to understand the
whole complexity of social phenomena. More important, however they claim that an objective observation of the social world is impossible, as the
social world has a meaning for human beings and is constructed by intentional behaviour and actions. Intentional interpretivism approaches meaning as
intentional states of individual minds, to be understood by locating them within the broader network of an individual's other intentional states and in a
concrete context of social practices and interactions with others.
The basic principles of interpretivism are,

The social world is constructed and is given meaning subjectively by people
The researcher is part of what is observed
Research is driven by interests.
The assumptions of the interpretivism are.
в– the social world is observed by seeing what meanings people give to it and interpreting these meanings from their viewpoint.
в– Social phenomena can only be understood by looking at the totality. [3]
So for a successful research

Ethical Issues in Social Research
Ethics is a part of every society and is entwined in every aspect of daily living, however the meaning of ethics or what is ethical differs. Ethics is
commonly associated with morality and Webster's New world Dictionary defines ethical as "conforming to the standards of conduct of a given
profession or group." Knowing what a particular society considers ethical and unethical is what contributes to living successfully in that society. This
is the same for researchers; researchers need to be aware of what is considered ethical and unethical conduct of scientific inquiry. From the time
immediately after World War II until the early 1990s, there was a gradually developing consensus about the key ethical principles that should underlie
the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Social research obtains personal information about people, information that might not be known by the people closest to them. The information
obtained can then be revealed to other people such as lawyers and doctors and in the case of lawyers this information can then be revealed to their
clients; therefore social researchers like to believe that the research will help all humanity. Popular topics of social research include poverty, racism,
class issues, sexuality, voting behavior, gender constructs, policing and criminal behavior. Research can be conducted using surveys, reports,
observation, questionnaires, focus groups, historical accounts, personal diaries and census statistics. There are two types of research: qualitative
research and quantitative research. Qualitative research is inductive, meaning the researcher creates hypotheses and abstractions from collected data.
Most data is collected via words or pictures and mostly from people. Researchers are interested in how people make sense of their lives and in the
research process itself. Quantitative research is the complete opposite and most often involves numbers and set data. Quantitative data is efficient but
focuses only on the end result, not the process itself, as qualitative research does. Quantitative data is precise and is often the result of surveys or
questionnaires.
Voluntary participation is a major principle of research

Research Methodology in Health and Social Care
[pic]
The topic that I have chosen to look at is obesity. The aim of this topic is to find out whether "the ignorance of genetics as a contra factor of
obesity". I have chosen to look at this topic because obesity is concerns me. Obesity has always been a bid debate for a long time now and I was
intrigued to find out more about the topic and the cause of obesity. The fact that obesity has made deadlines news in recent years. There are a lot of
misconceptions about obesity such as overweight is caused by a sow metabolism. There have been a lot of beliefs and myths about obesity in society
today and he above myths is on of them. According to Donnellan (1998) ' 'people who are overweight have told their doctors that they eat no more and
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From what has been said about validity, I would say that my research would be addressed on what has been stated that children have to eat healthy for
them to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
The advantages of using questionnaires for my research are as follows:
It is quick to gather information that I needed for the research.
The questionnaires will be given out at my placement, church and class, so that the information will collect from a large portion of a group.
According to www.uc.ie/resources (025/02/08) ''argued that questionnaires give the researcher feedback from the point of view of the user''.
Using this type of research method, I can understand what I would have used other type of research method Taylor et al (1995) ''argued that
participant observation offers the best opportunity to discover how people see the world in which they live. It also provides the kind of insight, fresh
information and new directions for research which are less likely to come from other methods. ''
[pic]
While carrying my research I will questionnaires to collect my primary data and this will assist me to gain lots of different answers, for me to be
able to understand my research more. According to the daily mirror science editor (15/05/08) The problem is that you could have type 2 diabetes for
up to 12 years without knowing it simply because the symptoms are often quite general, seem

Explain The Role Of Research In Health And Social Care
Task 1 Preparation
The service I will be basing my controlled assessment on is Carters Green medical centre within the Health Sector.
Carters Green medical centre is located in West Bromwich; the address of the medical centre is B709th, 396, 400 high street in the town centre.
In Carters Green medical centre, they currently have 5 doctors (that are GP's), 22 nurses and 1 healthcare assistant. They have a reception team
that will answer calls and provide much more, they have 1 operation manager and 1 outlet supervisor, Carters Green medical centre also provide
services such as alcohol services and clinics such as asthma clinics. They have many services for disabled people, for an example, they will provide
services for people in a wheelchair by having ramps. They also have a medical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Primary Research is where you get information by yourself, like getting information from my client, like a person (like a parent, GP Health
Professional or Carters Green Medical Centre's practise manager) is interviewing my client they'll information from my client's face to face, which is
primary information.
Secondary Research is research about information from someone, (like my client), that already exists or produced. I will probably use textbooks and
the Internet, for Secondary Research.
Both types of research are called sources of information or data.
Plan of work to include aims and objectives for Task 1:
– I will decide the primary research you'll carry out.
– I will decide the secondary research you'll carry out.
– I will identify the investigation of the service; secondary research will be used to identify the service by using the Internet, which is the Carters
Green Medical

Social Work Research Paper
The Concept of Social Work
Nakia L. Bell
University of South Alabama
Abstract
This paper is a brief summary of the concept of social work. I will attempt to answer the following questions: 1) What is social work? 2) Why is social
work a profession? 3) How does one become a social worker and what does it mean to be a social worker? 4) What are the basic social work values and
why are these important? Lastly, 5) Why are diversity and social and economic justice important concepts for social work? So what is social work?
Social work is basically a field where licensed professionals find solutions to help the client better his life or situation. Social work is a profession
because many social workers have proved through ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, social work is more than helping people with family problems or financial situations. Social work can also include working with people for
their citizen's rights; helping children with social or psychological problems at school; organizing, developing, planning, and administrating social
actions to improve conditions; etc. Social work is a field where licensed and qualified social workers help clients find the best solution(s) to their
problems. This is done by: 1) consulting with the client to determine what solution is needed, 2) providing the client with all available resources, and 3)
educating the client on these resources. The goal is for the client to become independent.
Why is Social Work a profession and what does that mean?
In order to determine why social work is a profession, one must first understand what a profession is. A profession, according to Professional Standards
Council, is:
"A disciplined group of individuals who adhere to ethical standards. This group positions itself as possessing special knowledge and skills in a
widely recognised body of learning derived from research, education and training at a high level, and is recognised by the public as such."
There are seven criteria that have to be met in order for an activity of line of work to be considered a profession. Over the years, social workers have
proved that social work has met all the criterion of a profession. The criterion met are: 1)unique

Unit 22:Functions of Research to Health and Social Care Essay
WHAT IS RESEARCH? It is a planned process whereby information is collected for a specific purpose, analysed and reported.
FUNCTIONS OF RESEARCH TO HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE: Research might have so many different functions or aims which are as follows:
identifying needs, highlighting gaps in provision, planning provision, informing policy or practice, extending knowledge and understanding, improving
practice, aiding reflection, allowing progress to be monitored and examining topics of contemporary importance.
IDENTIFYING NEEDS: Research principles are being use to identify the needs of all individuals by health and social care workers who are
responsible in care planning. A manager in a care home observe an individual resident may point out... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In some places, we have guidelines that are known internationally and give a framework for ethical research and this help to push the ethics codes that
apply to research carried out in the NHS and universities in the UK.Code of conduct or practice for health and social care professional do not specific
include research but the underlying principles of professional practice would be following the same pattern with expectations for ethical research.
Below are some ethics principles that support with evidence all research. * Protecting individuals * Making sure that all individuals only participate
voluntarily * Making sure that any personal information relating to the research is treated confidentially. * To specify that the plan for any research
project is subject to independent close observation by experts.
Even though codes of ethics are written down, they are not known as rules, but it is given to set the boundaries of what is and is not an acceptable
way to conduct research
PROTECTING INDIVIDUALS FROM HARM: This principle is to make sure that researchers put into consideration the possible effects of their
research on the participants. For example, we have the participant rights and feelings should be put into consideration when planning the project and
collecting the data from the individuals. Harm should

Research Proposal Outline: The Influence of Environmental...
Research proposal outline
The influence of environmental corporate social responsibility on profitability
Central focus
This research proposal will contain details on how environmental corporate social responsibility affects a firm's profitability. The central question is
how does environmental awareness affect a firm's financial gains? This is a worthwhile question to pursue due to the emerging trend in positive
consumerism (Harrison, 2005) as well as the perceived business benefits of CSR.
This work will be based on a theoretical framework of sustainability and specifically that of corporate social responsibility (CSR).The work of Porter
and Kramer (2003) indicated that businesses can indeed benefit immensely by engaging in CSR activities. These must be done while at the same time
ensuring that the business remains profitable. As Carroll (1983, p. 608), CSR involves the conduct and behavior of a given business in a manner that
is law abiding, economically viable, ethical and yet socially supportive. Eco–efficiency should therefore be one of the ways in which businesses can
offer goods and services in a way that can improve the quality of life so as to make the clients satisfied (Elkington,1997,p.,78). I will therefore be
engaging this topic from the point of view of environmental awareness, eco–efficiency and environmental corporate social responsibility and their
impact on the image and profitability of companies.
Key research questions
Does environmental

A Research Study On Social And Academic Lives
Research is a part of life; it doesn't matter what you do or where you are you take part in investigating in all the areas of life. There are different
designs to research a certain topic. The three designs are qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods research. I will be discussing the three different
research designs and how they are used to gather data for a certain study.
Qualitative research is used when trying to investigate an issue or concern by using interviews, studying the setting of the participants and interpreting
the data. One of the strategies of gaining the information is by performing case studies. The benefit of this type of research is great in which they view
and then interview the participants to gain knowledge and to understand the certain issue. All the data is interpreted and used to get a conclusion.
In the article "Meaningful Engagement in Facebook Learning Environments: Merging Social and Academic Lives", qualitative research is used. In this
study they "compared the effectiveness of different learning environments between interactive Facebook instructional method and non–Facebook
instructional method for undergraduate students." (Wang, Lin, w., & Wu, 2013). This study was performed in a class with students and instructors on
how to use Facebook to learn and interact with the other fellow students. In this circumstance the direct observations data is collected and one of the
strategies used is collaborating with participants to gain the

Understanding Social Research Assessed Essay
Understanding Social Research Assessed Essay
Question: All social research whether based on qualitative, quantitative, archival or other forms of data, need to follow the same basic principles of
research design. Discuss by drawing on examples of social research that you have read for this module.
The basic principles of research design include devising a research question on a topic to which the researcher is looking to gain knowledge and
insight, choosing a sample group of the population to study is also a basic principle of research design. Furthermore deciding which methodological
perspective to employ is important as this affects the findings of the researcher because of the fact that quantitative methods allow researchers to ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A thought through research design is one of the key fundamental starting principles of research in sociology; once this has been dealt with the
sociologist is able to begin research.
One of the basic principles imperative to all forms of social research is the devising of a research topic then choosing the research question they are
seeking to answer. In their examination of the criteria to which research in social sciences should fulfil; King, Keahane and Verba (1996:15) argue
that 'a research project should pose a question that is ''important'' in the real world. The topic should be consequential for political, social or economic
life, for understanding something that significantly affects many people's lives, or for understanding and predicting events'. This statement highlights
a very important aspect of research in the field of social sciences because as social researchers we should be seeking to answer questions about the
real world and real life situations and by studying events of this magnitude our research is therefore strengthened. This is demonstrated in the work of
Glen Elder (1999) who choose to base his study on Social change and Life experience during the Great Depression; his topic being the great depression
and the research question being based on the life experience of children during this historical time period. Applying this to the statement above about
research looking to understand events affecting people's

A Research Study On Social Justice Work
Background: The plan I created for myself to locate interviewees' ranges and varies a little. As a Criminology major I will be seeking to locate
subjects within the field I would like to go in (Lawyers, Judges, and Detectives... etc.) But also I would like to learn more about social justice work
(shelter for youth, being involved in civic engagement work and how it feel to be labeled as a "troubled youth." With the following I will be able to
get a better understanding on how I would like to develop my potential career field aspect along with changing the world for the generation after me.
My Plan: In order to get the concept and the importance of one on one interviews. I have developed a format via email that I emailed to three of my
friends to practice my interview process on. The email reads the following:
"Subject: Request for Informational Interview
Good Morning:
I am currently an undergraduate student at Cleveland State University, majoring in Criminology. A professor of mine, Robert Kleidman, suggested I
contact a few people to conduct an informational interview for my Capstone Research Project.
[A Capstone course uses the explication of research methods to provide a capstone experience to Criminology and Sociology majors. Students integrate
and extend knowledge and skills gained through previous courses to deepen their understanding of how social science knowledge is produced by
conducting a research project. My main focus for this project is learning more about

Using Standard Social Research Methods For An Organization...
1)Research is investigating into a topic and studying material and sources in order to inquire information/facts about that topic. Research can be
conducted by creating a theory to support or to reject the theory/hypothesis. A theory is a hypothesis that has been tested. A hypothesis is an
assumption that is based on limited information. A literature review provides a foundation ofresearch from books, journals, or reports, and readings to
help the author determine the nature of the research. The last method is conducting surveys/observations is the process of observing a person or
something to gain more information.
2)Evaluation research is the uses of standard social research methods for evaluative purposes. Pure research is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Researchers should not take the interview responses out of context or assume answers.
4)Survey research is investigation that uses question based or statistical survey to collect information about how people think and act. Experimental
research tests a hypothesis and establishes causation by using independent and dependent variables in a controlled environment.
5)Codebook: provides a guide for coding responses and to serve as documentation of the layout and code definitions of a data file.
Sex: (1) male or (2) female
Age at last birthday (actual age)
How many brother or sisters (# of siblings)
What is your marital status (1) Married (2) Widowed (3) Divorced (4) Separated (5) Never Married
6)Researchers want make sure their information presented is legible. There are 4 steps into writing a report introduction, methods and materials,
results, and discussion/conclusion. The introduction states your hypothesis, and gives the purpose of the experiment/study. Methods are the details
how to test your hypothesis. The results are the data collected for example table form data, percentage/ratios or charts. Finally your conclusion is
wrapping up your findings to see where the data you obtained support the hypothesis. Researcher need to make sure the information that is provided to
their audience is at the appropriate level. If your audience doesn't comprehend your study than there is not purpose behind the study.
7)

Sociology : The Six Steps Of Social Research
sociology, there are three different variables. Variables are the categories or factors that are being examined in an experiment. One of these three
variables is the independent variable. The independent variable is the variable that the experimenter changes with the intention of studying it through
the experiment. Another one of the three variables is the dependent variable. The dependent variable is what happens in response to the independent
variable. This is because the dependent variable is dependent upon the independent variable. The last of the variables is the control variable(s). The
control variable is the variable that the experimenter keeps constant, in order to measure the results of the independent variable. In social research, there
are six steps that should be followed in order for the research to be productive. The six steps of social research are deciding on a topic, reviewing the
literature, developing a hypothesis, collecting data, analyzing the results, and publish the results. The first of the six steps of social research is
deciding on a topic. When deciding on a topic, a sociologist should identify what they want to study, and come up with questions that will be answered
throughout the study. The topic of study can be a new topic, or it can be a continuation of another study. The next step is to summarize/review the
literature. In order to familiarize yourself with the topic, you want to read what other researchers have to say about that same

Comparing and Contrasting Qualitative and Quantitative...
INTRODUCTION
Social research is conducted using a logical and systematic process that can be carried out for numerous reasons and it is concerned with the empirical
study of social phenomena. The purpose of conducting such research is to enhance knowledge of how the social world operates through the study of
human behaviour and investigates how humans interact with others in society. Research in general, is usually conducted by adopting either a qualitative
or quantitative approach (Henn et al, 2006). The approaches taken and the decisions that are made by qualitative and quantitative researchers differ
with respect to their epistemological position and ontological assumptions and these assumptions orientate the research strategies in a ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The theoretical perspectives that are largely concerned with quantitative research includes; realism, critical inquiry, positivism and post–positivism
(Gray, 2004). Qualitative researchers tend to view the world through the interpretivist paradigm. The interpretivist researcher focuses on the
interpretation of social phenomenon as subjective, aiming to discover a deep and meaningful understanding of how and why human behaviour evolves,
and through the eyes and points of view of their participants, believing that knowledge is uncovered from meaning (Henn et al, 2006). In contrast,
Quantitative researchers view the world through the positivist paradigm. The positivist researcher primarily focuses on the investigation of social
phenomenon as objective by detaching themselves from the subject matter to view the world from an objectivist angle and believing that knowledge is
'out there' to be uncovered (Henn et al, 2006).
Qualitative and quantitative research similarly has an established relationship between theory and research (Bryman, 2004) which underpins the
differing perspectives of qualitative and quantitative research. Qualitative research is primarily inductive in approach and is described by Henn, et al
(2006, p.14) as a "research–then–theory approach", whereby the hypotheses and theory is generated from the data that is collected and analysed.
Analysis of the collected data will indicate any potential relationships and patterns that emerge between variables

Objectivity Of Social Research Is The Hunt For An...
Objectivity in Social Research is the hunt for an objective i.e. truth. The opinion that the philosophy of science, comprising economics is under
accumulative pressure curtailing from the post–positivist assessment of science; conversely the revolution in research behaviour as a result of its
marketization calls for an amplification of the content and positioning of this philosophy.
Introduction to Objectivity in Social Research
Objectivity is the most valued worth of a Social research. The spirit of objectivity is to make a particular research free from researcher's prejudices. The
bias can be produced by a multiple reasons and not all of them are always well–regulated at the researcher's end. This holds true particularly when the
topic of study is Society. For example, we cannot check a philosophy on consequence of riots on group decision building by producing riots. Logically,
we will have to study about riots only after they have taken place. Subsequently, the cause–effect association is contaminated by superfluous variables.
This makes the outcomes of research being not free from prejudices. Though, we can attempt of building our study as much independent as much
thinkable even though ensuing the moral and proficient standards valid on the provided subject–matter. It's without a second thought that natural
sciences have greater mark of objectivity as compared to social research. The dissimilarity between both sciences guarantees that this breach remains
intact for the

Research Proposal Social Work
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I.INTRODUCTION................................................................. 1.
1.1Statement of the problem...................................................... 1.
1.2Motivation for study.............................................................. 2.
1.3Goals of the study................................................................ 2.
II.RESEARCH DESIGN......................................................... 3.
2.1Type of Research Approach.................................................. 3.
2.2Type of Research Design...................................................... 3.
2.3Data Collecting Methods and Data Analysis............................ 3.
2.4Population and Sampling Procedures.................................... 4.
2.5Anticipated Problems........................................................... 5.
2.6Procedures of Research Study.............................................. 6.
2.7Costing............................................................................... 7.
2.8Ethical Issues...................................................................... 8.
III.CONCLUSION................................................................... 9.
IV.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is applied research where a knowledge development objective is the end result (Blanche & Durrheim, 1999: 41).
2.2Type of Research Design
A research design can be understood as the planning of any scientific research from the first to the last step. In this sense it is a program to guide the

researcher in collecting, analyzing, and interpreting facts (Bless and Higson–Smith, 1995:63).
For the purpose of this study, the researcher intends to use a cross–sectional research design where all the data will be collected at the same time. The
distribution of the research questionnaires will take place over a time period of two weeks where the main data will be collected from the respondents.
2.3Data collecting methods and data analysis
The data gathering will be done with a questionnaire the researcher designed her self that will assess work satisfaction of social workers. The
questionnaire is named the Questionnaire on Social Workers Work Satisfaction in Welfare Organizations. This questionnaire firstly has the objective to
collect certain vital demographic information from the respondents. Secondly, it covers aspects on how the respondents perceived their work
environment, their experiences in so far their work

Qualitative Research For Social Sciences
Alysha Angrilli: Seminar 1 1 Qualitative Research for Social Sciences Introduction Qualitative research is the study of how people make sense of
things. According to Berg and Lune (2012), qualitative researchers aim to investigate the qualities of experiences that people have, while gathering an
in–depth understanding of human behavior and the reasons behind it. In other words, qualitative researchers examine the underlying meanings,
patterns, and relationships of social phenomena in order to describe people's experiences and perceptions. Furthermore, there are... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
An example of inductive reasoning is demonstrated through McNamara, Vaantaja, Dunseith and Franklin's study (2014) on recess programs in four
low socioeconomic status Southern Ontario schools. In this study, the researchers aimed to explore how recess influences children's interactions and
developmental pathways. They implemented recess programs to suit the needs and interests of children by providing them with sports equipment as
well as many other options for the children to choose from. Researchers applied recess coordinator positions, which required university students to
volunteer their time to guide students during recess. In addition, they implemented a Junior Recess leaders program where students from fifth to eighth
grade were trained to assist children in conflict resolution, encourage meaningful play and assist with equipment management. The researchers explored
the students, administrators, teachers and volunteers' personal opinions on the recess program and their findings suggest that recess program provide a
supportive environment for the students. Furthermore, they were able to connect and engage in positive experiences on the playground which lead to
increased feelings of safety and acceptance (McNamara et al., 2014). The researchers used inductive reasoning by implementing the recess programs,
detecting

Health And Social Care Research

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