4. What is a Skill?
" A skill is a refined pattern of movement or
performance based upon and integrated
with the perceived demands of the
situation”
Cummins WD. Principles of Education psychology. New York, 1937; p.353
11. Basic algorithm for skill development
1. Attending a lecture.
2. Observing video demo if available
3. Observing the procedure.
4. Assisting a teacher performing.
5. Performing the skill on a patient under
supervision
6. Performing the skill independently
Feasibility ?
12.
13. Experts, Masters and Novices
– K. Anders Ericsson, a cognitive psychologist,
The Difference
Practice, Practice and Practice
14. Skill development – Modalities
Bed side teaching
Role playing
Standardized patients
Simple task trainers
Computer-enhanced manikins (CEMs)
Virtual reality
15. Bed side teaching
Small group teaching
In the presence of the patient
Opportunity for skill training ??
16. Activity
Groups 1 &2 – Discuss the positives of Bed side skill
teaching
Groups 3&4 - Limitations of bedside skill teaching
18. Standardized patients
Use of individuals
trained to portray the
roles of patients, family
members or others to
allow students to
practice physical exam
skills, history taking
skills, communication
skills and other
exercises.
19. •Present case
history in response
to questioning by
the student
•Undergo a limited
physical
examination at the
student's direction
During an interaction with a student
the SP may:
•Assist students in
developing their
communication and
clinical skills
•Assist students in
working through difficult
emotional situations in a
safe environment
20. Think , pair ,share
•Divide into pairs
•Think for a minute.
•One of you can focus on the Pro’s of
Standardised patient in clinical skill
training and the other on Cons of the
same.
• Exchange your thoughts.
21. Advantages
Convenience:
– provide cases at the time needed.
– more reliable
– tolerate more students than real patients.
Standardization:
– allows direct comparison of the students'
clinical skills.
Safety:
-Counseling a cancer patient.
22. Limitations
• Recruitment difficult, time consuming
• More expensive than using 'real' patients.
• Cannot simulate certain signs.
• Assess competency in limited area only.
23. “ A situation or environment created to
experience a representation of a real event
for practice, learning, evaluation, testing.”
Skills lab
/Simulation
24. Simulation provides a safe environment to
practice knowledge, skills and attitudes in
a realistic clinical situation.
28. Advantages
•Patient Safety
•Teach integrated
approach , decision
making, teamwork
•Planned
experience of rare
events
•Standardize
curriculum
•Range of
difficulty level can
be changed
•Repetitive
practice
•Provides
feedback
29. Virtual Reality
•Advanced form of human-computer
interaction
•Allow humans to work in the
computer’s world.
•Software
•Hardware
•Input devices
•Output devices
Four necessary components
30.
31. Repetitive practice
Provides feedback, debriefing
Reproducibility
Range of difficulty level can be changed
Opportunity for assessment of learning
Educational benefits of
simulation
32. Limitations
• Simulation is not “real,”.
• High cost , equipment lifespan.
• Faculty training lacking.
• Feedback and debriefing a must
33. Simulation is a tool
(new, expensive and exciting)
in our educational repertoire.