MEU WORKSHOP:Changing trends in the societal attitude calls for change in the medical education curriculum in India so that an INDIAN MEDICAL GRADUATE is of global significance
2. SYSTEMS APPROACH
PRINCIPLES OF ADULT LEARNING
LEARNING PROCESS
DR ANITA RAMESH
PROFESSOR,
OBGY DEPARTMENT
VBMC “I NEVER TEACH MY PUPILS,I ONLY
PROVIDE THE CONDITIONS IN WHICH
THEY CAN LEARN”
--------Albert Einstein.
3.
4. HUMAN BODY AS A SYSTEM
• Human body has many
systems(respiratory,cardiac,digestive,CNS &
excretory systems)
• Each system has multiple organs
• Each organ has multiple tissues
• Each tissue has multiple cells
• They all work in harmony for our sustenance.
5. HUMAN BODY AS A SYSTEMS APPROACH
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Air Respiratory Energy
Water Digestive Carbon dioxide
Food Cardiovascular Urine
Excretory Faeces
GOAL…..HEALTHY LIFE
6. SYSTEM
WHAT IS THE SYSTEM?
A functional entity which consists of a number of
interdependent & interrelated components
which runs to achieve a goal.
A system has many SUB-SYSTEMS.
All the subsystems have to communicate with
each other to reach a common goal.
9. GOAL OF THE SYSTEMS APPROACH
COMPETENT MEDICAL GRADUATE
10. TYPES OF A SYSTEM
• OPEN SYSTEM
• CLOSED SYSTEM
OPEN SYSTEM IS INFLUENCED BY THE
ENVIRONMENT
11.
12. COMPONENTS OF A SYSTEM
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
OUTPUT
EXPECTED
ACTUAL
13. MEDICAL COLLEGE AS A SYSTEM
INPUT
•LEARNERS
• TEACHERS
• ADMINISTRATION & OTHER SUPPORTING
STAFF
• INFRASTRUCTURE RESOURCES
• LEARNING AND TEACHING RESOURCES
14. MEDICAL COLLEGE AS A SYSTEM
PROCESS
•AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
•CURRICULUM
• TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESS
• ASSESSMENT METHODS
15. MEDICAL COLLEGE AS A SYSTEM
OUTPUT
CERTIFIED COMPETENT HEALTH
PROFESSIONAL
22. HOW TO MEASURE THE OUTCOME OF
THE SYSTEMS APPROACH IN MED ED?
Clinician
Communicator
Leader
Professional
Lifelong learner
Member of a
healthcare team
23. QUALIITY ASSURANCE
Quality assurance is PROCESS oriented and focusses
on DEFECT PREVENTION.
“GETTING THINGS RIGHT THE FIRST TIME,
EVERY TIME”
To do that a QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM
should be in place that allows one to apply the
quality standards
24. QUALITY CONTROL
Each product of a manufacturing process is of
equivalent quality. so, inspection is made of
process and its product.
PRODUCT ORIENTED and focusses on DEFECT IDENTIFICATION
25. ADVANTAGES OF SYSTEMS APPROACH
• It is an approach which entails analysis of
problems and to come up with a blend of
solutions
• Keep priorities in mind & tackles it in an
advanced disciplinary manner
• Goal oriented
• Holistic view
• Utilises feedback to improve
• Rational problem solving method of analysis in
the educational process to make it more effective
26. DISADVANTAGES OF SYSTEMS
APPROACH
• Over conceptual
• Needs more hardwork
• Needs more faculty for implementation
• More finances
• Lack of understanding
• Resistance to change to newer systems approach
27. GROUP TASK
• You as member of the OBGY department has to
conduct a CME on GDM.Map the components of
a system
• Our institute is going to apply for increase in
seats in ANAESTHESIOLOGY.Map the
components of the system
• INPUT?PROCESS?OUTPUT?FEEDBACK?
31. ADULT LEARNING
All forms of learning undertaken
by adults after having initial
education,however far this process
may have gone.
European commission of andragogy 2009,modified
in 2012)
37. PRINCIPLES OF ADULT LEARNING
ANDRAGOGY
• Informal
• Learners are
independent and self
directed
PEDAGOGY
• Formal
• Learners are
dependent on
teachers
38. PRINCIPLES OF ADULT LEARNING
• ANDRAGOGY
• Self assessment
• Learners are self
motivated
• PEDAGOGY
• Evaluation is external
• Learners are
externally motivated
(grades,prizes)
39. PRINCIPLES OF ADULT LEARNING
• ANDRAGOGY
• Learners come with
their own experience
• Learning is problem
centred
• PEDAGOGY
• Learners are
inexperienced
• Learning is subject
centred
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45. TIPS FOR A GOOD FACILITATOR
• Be prepared
• Be a motivator
• Be energetic
• Reinforce the positive in students
• Be sensitive
• Embrace mistakes and limitations
• Use a variety of techniques,methods and
activities
• Encourage a more problem solving approach to
make them self directed learners
46. MAKE STUDENTS THE MASTER
• MOTIVATE THE MIND
• ACQUIRE INFORMATION
• SEARCH OUT MEANING
• TRIGGER THE MEMORY
• EXHIBIT WHAT IS KNOWN
• REFLECT ON WHAT WAS KNOWN
47. BARRIERS IN ADULT LEARNING
• Lack of time
• Lack of money
• Lack of interest
• Lack of information
• Problems in transportation
• Added responsibilities
55. Learning process
TEACHING LEARNING
• Interaction between
student & teacher to
bring about expected
changes in students
behaviour
• Process in which the
students way of
thinking & learning is
modified
56. CONCEPT OF LEARNING
• The behaviour of an individual changes through
direct & indirect experiences.This change in
behaviour is learning.A new behaviour is
acquired or there is strengthening or weakening
of old behaviour.
• GOAL ORIENTED & PURPOSEFUL
• CONTINUOUS LIFE LONG PROCESS
• Gain knowledge
• Helps us to improve our skills
57. DOMAINS OF LEARNING
• COGNITIVE…knowledge
• PSYCHOMOTOR…work place based learning
• AFFECTIVE…experiential learning
58.
59. PHASES OF LEARNING PROCESS
• Motivation phase
• Acquisition phase
• Remembering
• performing
60. PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING
• Active participation(motivated,good emotional
state)
• Goal oriented
• Repetition
• Relevant
• Transference(apply it in our daily practice)
• Appropriate environment
• Good role model
• Evaluation
• Feedback
61.
62. CONCEPT OF LEARNING THEORIES
• To teach a concept
• To suggest where to look for solutions
• They do not not give us solutions but direct our
attention to those variables that r crucial in
finding solutions
• ‘’Its not about covering the syllabus,rather its
about uncovering the syllabus’’
64. BEHAVIOURISM THEORY
• Change in behaviour in the desired direction
• It involves encouragement,repitition,feedback &
reinforcement
• SKILL & DRILL EXCERCISE
65. COGNITIVISM THEORY
• Learner uses insight,information processing &
memory to facilitate learning
• ACQUIRE,STORE & RETRIEVE MEMORY
• Learner develops capacity for SELF DIRECTED
LEARNING
• Teacher facilitates the learner….HOW TO
LEARN
• Classify,link concepts & organise
• Discussions,problem
solving,analogies,mnemonics
71. SEVEN PRINCIPLES OF GOOD
PRACTICES IN UNDERGRADUATE
EDUCATION
• Encourage contact between student & faculty
• Develop co-operation among students
• Use active learning techniques
• Emphasize time on task
• Give prompt feedback to communicate high
expectations
• To respect diverse talents & ways of learning
72. Let us all strive towards producing an
ideal medical graduate
73. SO HOW DO U ALL PICTURE OUR
FUTURE MEDICAL GRADUATES TO
BE?
