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The Importance Of Quantitative And Qualitative Research
Qualitative and qualitative analysis has been adopted since time immemorial in providing relevance to data. By description, a quantitative research
employs numerical data to quantify the adversity of a situation; thus, it addresses "effect" (Jonassen, 2008). The quantitative analysis involves the use
of scientific methods and statistical computations to transform data into a format that is easy to interpret (Polit, & Beck, 2017). On the other hand, a
qualitative study seeks to identify explanations for a given situation under review; so, it answers the question "why" (Jonassen, 2008). Qualitative data
is mainly concerned data that cannot be measured or quantified and is prone to many variables (Polit, & Beck, 2017). A mixture of the... Show more
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For example, Hemachandar (2015) clearly states how he arrives at the percentage influence for every variable. However, one may find the details rather
confusing, especially if they do not have sufficient knowledge of the factors at hand (Madrigal & McClain, 2012). For instance, one may not
understand how author connects his numerical findings in coming up with a sensible conclusion (Hemachandar, 2015). One of the disadvantages that
result from the quantitative data analysis is that it requires more resources at disposal because of the huge population needed to make a statistical
significance (Mertens, 2014). From the review of the two articles, the quantitative analysis has very many advantages. The quantitative data can be used
to test the hypothesis and even test the relationship between the dependent and the independent variables because of the ability to make statistical
derivatives using scientific methods. Similarly, the use of the two approaches concurrently has its strengths and weaknesses. Madrigal & McClain
(2012) acknowledge that the application of the two helps in developing a strong paper, where qualitative approaches give background information while
quantitative methods explore the data. An example, Astle & Jensen, (2005) had some prior information about CVC–related infections; hence, they
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Quantitative Research Vs. Qualitative Research
Within research there are two categories of ways in which you can conduct your study and present you findings. A researcher can either use qualitative
research or quantitative research. Qualitative research is more descriptive and narrative in nature than quantitative and uses words and classifications to
tell about a situation or subject. Conversely, quantitative research is more concerned with numbers and statistics found. Many different types of research
questions can be answered by quantitative research including "What is something?", "Could there be a correlation between these phenomenon?", or
"Does A cause B to happen?". A researcher attempting to answer these types of questions could use surveys or experiments to collect data. Then...
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Moody's chapters include Problem Statement, Literature Review, Methodology, Results, and Discussion/Conclusion. In her appendices she included
all of her approval letters and consent forms such as her approval letter from the IRB. The author's two tables include a table on her descriptive
statistics and her regression results. Moody explains the problem of form–blindness for fingerprint examiners and then explains that her purpose is "to
demonstrate the applicability of form–blindness testing in forensic science laboratory arenas by validating a form–blindness exam already being
administered" (Moody, 2016). She also examined other variables including eyesight, training, and age to ascertain whether or not these factors had
any impact on possible aptitude of the subject taking the test. The researcher found that variables such as age, GPA, major, vision, and dyslexia had
no effect on how the subject performed on the test. However, the sex of the subject and the use of medication were found to have a statistically
significant effect on performance (Moody, 2016). The second honors thesis that I read was "Exploring the Perception Towards Enhancing Credentials
by Certification of Latent Fingerprint Examiners in the Southern United States" by Christopher Brewer. This particular thesis is 25 pages with 6
chapters, a works cited, and appendices. This thesis was done in MLA format and uses a survey. Brewer's chapters include Introduction, Literature
Review,
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Quantitative, Qualitative, And Mixed Research
Executive Summary This paper compares and contrasts three different approaches utilised in research on technology: quantitative, qualitative, and
mixed research. A description of these three approaches is followed by a discussion of how the components of these three approaches differ.
Philosophical assumptions, methods/types, purposes/goals, and data analysis are examined. In order to enhance the understanding of these different
approaches, six mobile technology research projects are discussed with a focus on these components. Finally, critiques and lessons learned with each
approach is presented. 2. Introduction This paper begins by describing quantitative, qualitative, and mixed approaches and the key elements utilised in
research on technology. This is followed by a comparison of all three and a discussion of components upon which these three approaches to research
on technology differ. In order to enhance the understanding of these differences, six mobile technology research projects are discussed with a focus on
these components. Finally, critiques and lessons learned is presented. 3. Literature Review While most researchers recognize the existence of the two
approaches for conducting technological research: quantitative and qualitative, there seems to be three perspectives as to how these different
approaches are viewed and conducted. The first is or, the second is either/or and the third is both. An analysis will now be presented on the different
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Quantitative Research. Essay
Statement 1
Proverbs 25:2 says,"It is the glory of God to conseal things, but the glory of kings is to search things out. " Qualitative research focuses on deeper
issues and asked the questions of how, when and why people do things. Quantitative research behaves in a quantified since and assigns numerical
values to responses and measure statics. With this said Proverbs, the bible verse, supports that research methods can be Godly. I interpret that verse as
meaning that it is important to know and confirm in your mind that you know something, but it is better to research the topic in a biblical since rather
thas a secular or worldly since. the glory of kings is researching and becomeing stronger on a topic. Pshycologists often study ... Show more content on
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With this said Qualitative Research in non–statical and most of their cases are non–represented cases and full fill a given time line. This method is best
because it investigates information and gives a better understanding for future decision making. This method does this without making general
observations about the population of interest.
Statement 2
Quantitative research methods are best because they use quantity data to obtain results from the population of interest. This for example can be bases
on what the majority feels. The method uses measures in the view and opinion of others and who feels them the most or less. This method can be
chosen at random representing the population of interest. They collect their data by telephone interviews, online questionnaires, and sometimes on the
street. This is usually the final and best method to go to when choosing a course of action. This is best to research something further and usually
comes after Qualitative research. 1 Chronicles 29:17 "I know, my God, that you examine our hearts and rejoice when you find integrity there. You
know I have done all this with good motives, and I have watched your people offer their gifts willingly and joyously".
Principle C: Integrity:"Psychologists seek to promote accuracy, honesty, and truthfulness in the science, teaching, and practice ofpsychology. In these
activities psychologists do not steal, cheat, or engage'in fraud,
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Quantitative Research : Qualitative Research
Points of Consideration for this Qualitative Research
Skinner, Tagg, and Holloway (2000) stressed that engaging in qualitative research demands an understanding of some of the drawbacks associated
with doing this type of research. A number of common concerns related to qualitative research are found in the literature. The time and resources
involved in collecting and analyzing qualitative data are mentioned frequently (e.g., Creswell, 1998; Skinner, Tagg, & Holloway, 2000). A related
concern involves depending on others for access to documents such as diaries, logs, and other records.
Training for qualitative research is also a concern, especially when working in an environment where quantitative research is the norm and where
qualitative research is not understood or appreciated. A lack of training in or understanding of qualitative methodologies leads to other issues. One is
applying quantitative methods in analysis of qualitative analysis, and another is approaching qualitative research with a quantitative mind set (Skinner,
Tagg, & Holloway, 2000).
Brooks (1998) suggests that "most qualitative studies are still based on the same realist and objectivist assumptions as quantitative studies" (p. 276). As
an example, she cites a study of organizational learning that she analyzed from two different qualitative perspectives at different points in time. The
first analysis was conducted from an empirical perspective even though she was looking for interpretive results. After
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The Pros And Cons Of Quantitative Research
This paper primarily concerns qualitative research, but we were asked to compare both qualitative and quantitative methods. During comparison, there
are many noted differences in both study designs, but not many similarities. Qualitative research uses a subjective approach with a large sample
population. It collects non–statistical data, using an unstructured or semi–structured technique (Nieswiadomy & Bailey, 2018). Quantitative research
uses an objective approach and large, random, sampling to ask opinions in a structured way. The findings of quantitative studies are conclusive and
used to recommend a final course of action (Nieswiadomy & Bailey, 2018). While it is hard to see similarities between the two, both methods aim to
find a solution to a problem or question, the researcher doing the study may affect the outcome and an analysis of the collected data must be done
(Souza, 2017). What many don't realize is the connection amongst the two. You can say, both types of research build upon one another, meaning
quantitative studies can quantify results found in qualitative research (Souza, 2017). I read two articles one qualitative, the other quantitative, in which
both studies attempted to gain solutions to the prevention of severe pressure ulcer development. "A pressure ulcer is a localized injury to the skin and
/or underlying tissue usually over a bony prominence, as a result of pressure, or pressure in combination with shear" (Souza, 2017 pg. 1). The studies
took place
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Qualitative Research : Quantitative Research Essay
Qualitative research is a kind of of scientific research which consists of an analysis that look for answers to a question, systematically uses a specific
procedures to answer the question, gathers evidence, generate findings that are legit farther the limits of the study. Qualitative research has these
characteristics. As an addition, it looks for to analyze the research problem or motif from the aspect of the local people who involves the study.
Qualitative research is particularly effective in gathering culturally specific data about the ethics,behaviors, values and opinions of specific populations.
The power of qualitative research is its capability to supply complicated definition of how people reacts about the research issue. It supplies data about
the "human" side of a topic. Qualitative methods are also useful in labeling abstract factors, such as gender roles, religion and ethnicity. When work
with quantitative methods, qualitative research can help to define and better explain the complicated matter of a given topic and the conclusions of
quantitative data.
Even though results of qualitative information can often be enlarged to people with aspects similar to study population, achieving a productive and
compound grasp of a particular social topic or phenomenon typically can be theorize to other geological areas or populations. In this manner, qualitative
research is different insignificantly from scientific research in common.
There are three most
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Research Methodology And Quantitative Research
This section of the study will outline the selected research methodology and the justification for these selections. The key aim of this chapter is to
elucidate the various methods of research, the chosen one, the rationale of the chosen methodology and importantly how it appropriately suite the
research. It is first essential to start the difference between qualitative and quantitative research to determine which method is best appropriate for this
study. The data collection method will be properly outlined, clearly stating the advantages and drawbacks.
Qualitative and Quantitative Research
Several academics have attempted to ascertain the differences between qualitative research and quantitative research. Hair et al. (2007) for example
emphasized the main differences stating that quantitative data are measurement in which numbers are used directly to represent the characteristics of
something, thus, the number related records lends itself to statistical analysis. While qualitative data represents descriptions of things that are made
without assigning numbers directly. This method is architecture to facilitate better understanding of people, understand the culture and social
perspective of people (Myers, 2009). The following differences were emphasized by Saunders et al. (2009) and Hair et al. (2007):
Quantitative ApproachQualitative Approach
Based on meanings derived from numbersBased on meanings expressed through words
Collection results in numerical and standardized
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Quantitative Research Method
. Choice of Research Method: Quantitative, Qualitative or Mixed?
Research methods are procedures for research that informs not only the techniques chosen for the data collection, but also informs the selection of data
analysis techniques in order to deal with research questions or hypotheses. It can be distinguished as three types: quantitative, qualitative, and mixed
methods. Qualitative research is a method of investigation for exploring and in–depth understanding the behaviour and process within individuals or
groups and the cause of those of behaviour and process. Qualitative data is typically collected directly from the people in which data analysis is built
based on an impression from particulars to general themes. Hence, researcher make interpretations of the meaning of the data with some influences
from personal background, subjectivity and experiences. In contrast, a quantitative research method is based on previously defined epistemological
stance based on empiricism knowledge creation. Thus, it investigates to test the hypothesis and theories by examining the relationship among variables
and measurement the analytical outcomes of variables. In between qualitative and quantitative methods, mixed methods research combines qualitative
and quantitative methods, techniques or data (Rao and Woolcock, 2004; Creswell, 2009).The research methods should be designed based on research
questions and issues being addressed, epistemological assumptions of study and specific techniques of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Each approach has its own strengths/advantages and weaknesses/limitations, and the choice of method depends primarily on the purpose, type of
research question to be answered, setting, and time and resource constraints. However, recent literature suggests and provides a strong basis for the
combination of both methods (Kanbur and Shaffer,
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quantitative and qualitative research approach
The issue of quantitative and qualitative research approach has been discussed widely nowadays. Some people believe quantitative research approach
is trustworthy than qualitative research approach. This essay will discuss the features of quantitative and qualitative research, and the reason why
people believe quantitative research approach is trustworthy than qualitative research approach.
Both quantitative and qualitative researches have been used as research approach recently. (What is the purpose of this para??)(Combine with the first
para?)
As Fred Kerlinger (1999) has mentioned about quantitative research, "There's no such thing as qualitative data. Everything is either 1 or 0", quantitative
research approach is an approach ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Firstly, most of the researchers need to interact with people during collecting data. As researchers use tools such as questionnaires and interviews to
collect data, they must interact with interviewees during the process. Although both of them ask questions in different ways, they are able to arrive at
the desired answer through interacting with people.
Besides, although qualitative research used verbal data to proceed their research mainly, sometimes numerical data is used. For instance, to determine
how individual feels, opinion data is commonly used in the progress in qualitative research, using numbers one to five to find how individuals feel. It
is a kind of numerical data since it produce numerical outcome, which researchers use to summarize the research. In addition, researchers need to use
numerical data to support their hypothesis before conducting their research. If their hypothesis has no data to support, the credibility of it will be
limited. Therefore, numerical data will be used in both of the research to support their argument.
Moreover, researchers need to use their own data to develop their research and support their hypothesis. Although second hand resources may helpful to
their research, it may be outdated or not appropriate to the research. Hence, primary data is important for
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Questions On Quantitative And Qualitative Research
Other Approaches to Research In the 20th century researchers developed other research designs that draw on quantitative and qualitative elements.
Mixed methods, action research, and program evaluation follow the research design process of quantitative and qualitative research. Action research
and program evaluation however are not applied research designs.
Mixed Methods As the name implies, mixed methods research combines both quantitative and qualitative components to add depth and breadth to the
research study (Laureate Education, Inc., n.d. g). As with quantitative and qualitative research methodology, mixed methods researchers begin with the
research question that will guide the type of data collected, do an extensive literature ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Like qualitative, quantitative, and mixed–methods research, action researchers reflect on their practice, and then define a problem within it, gather
data, review the literature, identify colleagues who will collaborate in the action research process, carry out the action plan, analyze the data, and form
possible conclusions (Lodico, Spaulding, & Voegtle, 2010). Multiple types of data are collected. Researchers use a triangulation matrix to corroborate
their results. Unlike applied research, action researchers do not use complicated statistical analysis to measure quantitative data. They also do not
provide the deep level of analysis found in qualitative research. However, action researchers can and do use descriptive statistics, coding, and
triangulation to detect possible themes that emerge from the data, thereby ensuring their results are credible and dependable (Lodico, Spaulding, &
Voegtle, 2010). There are two types of action research: critical action research and practical action research. In critical action research, the researcher
attempts to address major societal issues, such as sexism, racism, or other types of injustice within an educational system (Lodico, Spaulding, &
Voegtle, 2010). In contrast, practical action research involves making changes to educational systems, but the changes are smaller and happen
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Compare And Contrast Quantitative And Quantitative Research
Qualitative and quantitative research are methods used in Sociology to explain and describe data. However, these methods contrast in different
important aspects.
According to Denscombe, M., (2010), even though, both quantitative and qualitative research use the same methods to collect the information,
interviews, surveys, observations, as primary data, and documents, as a secondary data; how the results are put and collected and how the method is
conducted will determine the final result, whether to get qualitative or quantitative data.
On one hand, in quantitative research, the surveys are conducted through questionnaires. These are a set of questions to be asked to the respondent and
are used to test a theory. The questionnaire is done
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Quantitative Research Chapter 3
CHAPTER 3 – RESEARCH METHODS
3.1 Research Approach
There are two research approaches that researchers have to consider in conducting a research. Those are quantitative and qualitative research. While
both approaches become standards for conducting a research, both approaches have major differences in answering research questions and gathering the
valid data.
Quantitative research can be described as an approach to which it explains a phenomenon expressed in numerical data and analyzed by using
mathematically–based statistical tools (Aliaga and Gunderson, 2000). As a conclusive research, quantitative research emphasizes what are the causes of
the phenomenon, assuming people to have fixed factors to which it causes a phenomenon. Moreover, quantitative approach is more limited,
emphasized only on measuring the quantity of phenomenon instead of describing it. Thus, quantitative research has less statistical tools compare to
qualitative research. However, it has several advantages such as more time and cost saving.
Regarding to this research, the author decides to use quantitative research in conducting a research. The reason why the author chooses quantitative
research is because this research is more emphasized on what considerations that people make in buying an automobile. Moreover, the author assumes
that people ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this research, the author will be gathering two forms of data. First being primary data which refers to form of data that is collected by the author
itself. The primary data on this research refers to questionnaire which will be given to participants. On the other hand, secondary data refers to
collection of data that has been collected by others. The secondary data refers to scientific literature such as books and journals in order to help the
author to observe the problem on this
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Quantitative Research Design Is The Standard Experimental...
Quantitative research design is the standard experimental method of most scientific disciplines. These experiments are sometimes referred to as true
science, and use traditional mathematical and statistical means to measure results conclusively. They are most commonly used by physical scientists,
although social sciences, education and economics have been known to use this type of research. It is the opposite of qualitative research. Quantitative
experiments all use a standard format, with a few minor inter–disciplinary differences, of generating a hypothesis to be proved or disproved. This
hypothesis must be provable by mathematical and statistical means, and is the basis around which the whole experiment is designed. Randomization
of any study groups is essential, and a control group should be included, wherever possible. A sound quantitative design should only manipulate one
variable at a time, or statistical analysis becomes cumbersome and open to question. Ideally, the research should be constructed in a manner that allows
others to repeat the experiment and obtain similar results.
Advantages
Quantitative research design is an excellent way of finalizing results and proving or disproving a hypothesis. The structure has not changed for
centuries, so is standard across many scientific fields and disciplines. After statistical analysis of the results, a comprehensive answer is reached, and the
results can be legitimately discussed and published. Quantitative experiments
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Pros And Cons Of Quantitative Research
The cons of obtaining a certification or advanced preparation in an area of specialty begin with the length of time to study. The students need to be
engaged in 18 to 24 months of full time studies to succeed and potential more if the student is employed during the curriculum. Upon completion, the
graduation requirement is a certification of completion which means hours of studying to successfully sit and pass the examination. Prior to studying,
the student must have successfully completed a Bachelor's degree in nursing from an accredited institution and have at least one–year clinical practical
experience in the field of nursing. Another con is the expense at which it takes to complete the degree. Many students already owe a substantial amount
in loans and may have difficulty securing additional loans.
The pros and cons of nursing research is largely dependent on the type of research methods used. One type of research is the quantitative research
where the goal is to provide a relationship between a dependent and independent variable. One of the pro in this type of research is the fact that
numerical data are used eliminating the chance of misrepresentation of the data. Repeated investigation can be carried out using similar situation,
methods and a valuable comparison of the results can be duly appreciated. This kind of study allows the use of statistics to better comprehend things
about the data and these researchers can easily and quickly analyze them. The results of
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The Importance Of Quantitative Research Designs
Qualitative and quantitative designs are to methods used to conduct research studies and analyze data obtained in these studies. Qualitative research
designs involve gaining understanding the causal reasons and motivations of an issue. A qualitative design offers insights into the background of an
issue and produces concepts and hypotheses for future quantitative research. Qualitative research reveals widespread trends in thoughts and opinions of
the topic being analyzed (Stangor, 2013). Quantitative designs focus on quantifying data and generalizing results from a sample to the population of
interest. Quantitative research measures the occurrence of several views and opinions in a selected sample and is sometimes followed by qualitative
research that may be used to explore findings further (Stangor, 2013). For the purposes of this paper two research studies were selected, one focusing
on qualitative research designs and the other focusing on quantitative research designs. The qualitative study selected was conducted to help surge an
understanding regarding the complication of family relationships and support for mothers. The study used a sample of 19 participants, 8 mothers and
11 mental health service providers, the findings of this qualitative study is useful for future services of mothers with mental illness to support their
overall recovery (citation). The 11 mental health providers volunteered for the study which took place at the adult public mental health service
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Quantitative research methods
Quantitative Research Methods
Quantitative means quantity which implies that there is something that can be counted. Quantitative research has been defined in many ways. It is the
kind of research that involves the tallying, manipulation or systematic aggregation of quantities of data (Henning, 1986)
John W. Creswell defined quantitativeresearch as an inquiry into a social or human problem based on testing a theory composed a theory composed of
variables, measured with numbers, and analysed with statistical procedures in order to determine whether the predictive generalisations of the theory
holds true. (Creswell, 2003)
On the other hand, another author defined quantitative research as the collection of numerical data in order to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Nowadays this is carried out with the aid of sophisticated statistical computer packages. The analysis enables the researcher to determine to what
extent, there is a relationship between two or more variables. This could be a simple association (for example people who exercise on a daily basis
have lower blood pressure) or a causal relationships (for example daily exercise actually leads to lower blood pressure)
Statistical analysis permits the researcher to discover complex causal relationships and to determine to what extent one variable influences another.
The results of statistical analysis are presented in a standard way, the end result being a Probability value.
Reasons for selecting a quantitative paradigm
Researcher's world view
A researcher's comfort with ontological, epistemological, axiological, rhetorical, and methodological assumptions of the quantitative paradigm
Training and Experience of the researcher
Technical Writing Skills, computer statistical skills, library skills
Researcher's Psychological attributes
Comfort with rules and guidelines for conducting research; low tolerance for ambiguity; time for a study short duration
Nature of the problem
Previously studied by other researchers so that body of literature exists, known variables; existing theories
Audience of the study
Individuals accustomed to/ supportive of quantitative studies
Peculiarities of Quantitative
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Analysis Of A Quantitative Research Article Essay
Analysis of a Quantitative Research Article
Introduction
"My PICOT statement was: "In elderly hospitalized patients 60 years of age and above, do specific fall prevention interventions, as compared to
standard care, reduce the amount of falls in an inpatient setting, during their hospitalization?" For this paper I will be reviewing a quantitative research
article based around my PICOT on fall risk within the hospital setting. Patient falls within the hospital setting are a nursing–sensitive quality indicator
based around the delivery and care of inpatient services. As identified by the American Nurses Association, "fall rates are perceived to be the indicator
that could be most improved through safety strategies and interventions" (ANA, 2002, p.179). In order to create safety strategies to improve fall risk it
is important to identify which preventative measures work best within the hospital. This paper will be reflecting on the peer–reviewed Quantitative
journal article found on the GCU database titled, Effectiveness of multifaceted and tailored strategies to implement a fall–prevention guideline into
acute care nursing practice: a before–and after, mixed–method study using a participatory action research approach. Within this research article it
states the severity of inpatient falls, specifically in the elderly, stating, "Falls are a common problem in hospitals, particularly in patients aged 65 and
older. Around 30% of all persons aged 65 or older suffer a fall each
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Qualitative Research And Quantitative Research
In order to carry out my research, there were two feasible arguments to using qualitative research and quantitative methods. Qualitative research is
recording information that express information about feelings, values and attitudes using words, whereas quantitative research uses data that is
expressed in numerical form using descriptive and inferential statistics (Lindlof & Taylor, 2002).Quantitative research is useful when measuring facts
and is structured using characterised surveys and statistical reliability (Grossnickle & Raskin, 2002), in contrast qualitative research can be useful to
explore areas which are difficult to define, for example, underlying motives for people's views and attitudes and can offer a more humanitarian
approach.
There are positives and negatives to support both research to support each of these research methods. In my experience of obtaining research for a
'Community Audit', what is understood to be a method of obtaining of information useful by a community (Packham, 2000). The focus of this
Community Audit, a participatory form of research, aimed to explore the identity of a sub–culture of young people who hung around a particular area
of concern within Manchester City Centre. In this instance, qualitative research was the preferred method due to the aim of what the research was
aiming to achieve throughout the process, such as, developing relationships, rather than focusing solely on the gathering of information and report
producing.
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Traditional Research Methods Of Quantitative And...
Traditional research methods consist of implementing quantitative and qualitative research. Quantitative research utilizes statistical analysis by
breaking down components of observation that are compared to other elements (Bergman, M. M., 2008). Qualitative research focuses on investigating
the participant's range of behavior, usually with small groups, which results in descriptive analysis (Bergman M. M., 2008).
Mixed method research involves using Qualitative research and Quantitative research designs. The advantage of using both is to utilize the strength of
each type in order to produce an outcome that is most beneficial to the area of study (Bergman, M. M., 2008). The challenge with mixed method
research in integrating the results of both Qualitative and Quantitative results in order to present unbiased scientific results that are worthy of
discussion (Bergman, M. M., 2008).
Action research is a practical or real–world approach to a profession inquiry in a social setting. Educational professionals may use this approach to
evaluate an existing teaching method or review a new method that may be considered for use in the classroom. Action research can be implemented
using mixed methods and conducted my an individual or in collaboration with other professionals.
Inclusive Physical Education embraces the needs of students with physical impairments and includes them in the physical education curriculum
(Goodwin, 2000). The research on students with physical
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Essay on Qualitative and Quantitative Research
Qualitative and Quantitative study designs both can be beneficial in research design. They both provide valuable options for researchers in the field.
These techniques can either be used separately in a research study or they can be combined to achieve maximum information. This paper will define the
terms qualitative and quantitative; describe the similarities and differences between each; discuss how qualitative and/or quantitative research designs or
techniques could be used in the evaluation of my proposed research; and discuss why linking analysis to study design is important. Quantitative studies
are primarily numbers based. They deal with large cohort groups as well as analyze large amounts of data. "A quantitative ... Show more content on
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When both research designs are used together, more information can be gathered. Mixed methodology uses the numerical portion of the quantitative
study design in combination with the descriptive aspect of the qualitative study. There are many similarities between these two designs, which make
them compatible with each other. "Whilst quantitative research may be mostly used for testing theory it can also be used for exploring an area and
generating hypotheses and theory. Similarly qualitative research can be used for testing hypotheses and theories even though it is mostly used for theory
generation" (Hughes, 2006). Both of these designs may be similar with testing theory, they are also similar in the tools that they use and how the data is
analyzed. "Qualitative data often includes quantification (eg statements such as more than, less than, most as well as specific numbers). Quantitative
(ie questionnaire) approaches can collect qualitative data through open ended questions" (Hughes, 2006). These similarities are what make these two
study designs compatible for each other. There are also some differences between these study designs, which may cause some problems for the
inexperienced researcher. "Quantitative research is objective; qualitative research is subjective. Quantitative research seeks explanatory laws;
qualitative research aims at
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Research Methods Of Quantitative Research
Week 2 Assignment
Adam Morrison
PSY 326
Research Methods
Jessica Lee
Qualitative researchers are focused on interpreting and making sense out of what they observe rather than trying to simplify and quantify these
observations by collecting and observing people, places and things in their natural setting. In doing this, researchers are able to investigate hypothesis
with more freedom and rigidity while accepting the fact that they relinquish their ability to control direct and indirect elements of their query. What the
lose in predictability, they gain in individuality. To put it simply,qualitative research is aimed at watching and explaining in order to develop a complete
understanding of whatever phenomena they are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Patrick/Hagtvedt, 2011)
Qualitative research is considered to be particularly suitable for gaining an in–depth understanding of underlying reasons and motivations. It provides
insights into the setting of a problem. At the same time, it frequently generates ideas and hypotheses for later quantitative research.
In the first study of their research, " One hundred and twenty undergraduates participated in a study designed to investigate the differential influence of
the "don't" versus "can't" framing on actual choice of attempting item via the mediating role of feelings of empowerment. A secondary purpose of the
study was to illustrate that this effect is observed for individuals for whom healthy eating is a relevant goal. In other words, the study was designed to
illustrate that empowered refusal framing motivates goal–directed behavior." (Patrick/Hagtvedt, 2011) The design of this study is an example of the
common criteria employed in qualitative research.
The main differences between quantitative and qualitative research consist in respect to data sample, data collection, data analysis, and last but not
least in regard to outcomes. (Newman, 2016) Data collection in qualitative research is not seldom based on unstructured or semi–structured, but
methodologically
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Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methodologies
Errors are identified to focus on the weaknesses and the strengths of each student in a small group to identify areas that need improvement. Cues are
related to sound–to–letter expectations and are applied during oral reading to support struggling students know how to use letter–sound knowledge
improves their reading abilities. Past studies according to Savage (2007) have indicated that systematic and direct phonics instructions are effective
means used to assist children to learn how to read including children with learning and reading problemsStringer (2008) emphasises the importance of
ethical considerations to protect the well–being and interests of research participants, particularly, confidentiality, permissions and informed consent
when planning for action research as 'the deeper purpose of research is to extend people's knowledge and understanding' (p.3). Most organisations
ensure the safety of participants through formal procedures. The researcher, as an early–childhood educator of this literature review would like to adopt
both the quantitative and qualitative research methods as both the methods are vital to use the acquired knowledge about the topic and must be included
and reflected effectively.
From the selected sources of information, there are two research methodologies that emerge while studying literature materials. These are qualitative
and quantitative research methodologies. Since the field of education and teaching reading requires the participation
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Quantitative And Qualitative Research Process
Integration is the stage(s) where the quantitative and qualitative methods are mixed or integrated in the research process (Greene, Caracelli, & Graham,
1989; Tashakkori & Teddlie, 1998; Creswell et al., 2003). Mixing can occur at the beginning stage of the study when the researcher is formulating the
quantitative and qualitative research (Teddlie & Tashakkori, 2003), and integration can be done at the interpretation stage of the quantitative and
qualitative results (Onwuegbuzie & Teddlie, 2003). The quantitative and qualitative phases are connected (Hanson et al., 2005) after data analysis in
the first phase to guide the data collection in the second phase. For the sequential explanatory study, I will connect the quantitative and qualitative
phase during the intermediate stage in the research process. That is, I will select participants for the qualitative phone interview from those who
responded to the survey in the first phase (Creswell et al., 2003).
Integrating the Outcomes of Both Phases of the Study I will integrate the results of the two phases during the discussion of the study's outcomes. As
indicated in the research design, I will ask both quantitative and qualitative research questions to better understand the roles that behavioral science
faculty fill in inpatient medicine teaching service within family medicine residencies, what responsibilities of the roles that BSF fill, and to what extent
do the responsibilities inform the roles. First, the
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The Application Of Quantitative, Quantitative And Mixed...
Abstract
The primary goal of this study is to systematize the knowledge about different research methodological approaches applied in high–ranked academic
journals in the area of Business Management. The essay will examine the application of qualitative, quantitative and mixed research methods in
journals, assess their usefulness and present the results of the analysis. An examination of research methods and research design will identify trends in
research methodologies employed in journals and try to explain the reason of its application in academic papers.
Key words: qualitative research, quantitative research, mixed method research, methodology
Introduction
Defining a case study method indicates the problem and entails finding a solution to solve it. However, to answer the research questions it is vital to
demonstrate deep consideration of the elements related to particular research design, and to show the ability to reflect upon research philosophy and
approach to theory (Easterby–Smith et al., 2012; Eisendhardt, 1989).
In business and management research a regular investigation not only leads to solving business problems, but also contributes to management
knowledge (Edmondson and McManus, 2016). There are different methods solutions as well as various ways of conducting them. Based on the
literature review, we can distinguish qualitative, quantitative and mixed research methodological approaches. Despite the fact that the quantitative
method based their theory on
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A Research Study On Quantitative Research
A Quantitative Research Study Overview
Sheila E. Brooks
Stanbridge College
Introduction As we continue our discussion in comparing qualitative versus quantitative research, we now focus our attention on quantitative research.
In my personal opinion, I feel that quantitative research is harder to understand but breaking the article into sections allows me to understand the basic
concepts. This week we will examine and in discuss a quantitative research article. The name of the article is "First–time mothers: social support,
maternal parental self–efficacy and postnatal depression" written by authors Leahy–Warren, McCarthy, Corcoran in 2011. First, I take a look at the
abstract to get a general overview of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, there is little research that provides a clear definition of what is meant by social support (Leahy–Warren et el, 2009). In other words, there is
no research which has measured the relationship between social support and maternal parental self–efficacy using a domain–specific instrument
developed and supported by self–efficacy model and post–natal depression with first time mothers at six weeks post–delivery
(Leahy–Warren et el, 2009)
Maternal Parental Self Efficacy and Depression By now, some of you may be asking the same question that I had when I first started reading this
article. What is meant by maternal parental self–efficacy and post–natal depression? It is important to understand these two definitions in order to
understand the article. Maternal parental self–efficacy is a belief that a parent holds about themselves in terms of being able to care for and parent a
child (Leahy–Warren et el, 2009). These includes the ability to plan, organize, and execute actions in order to produce the desire results with the belief
that there is a strong correlation between the age of the mother and the number of children (Leah–Warren et el, 2009).
I can't help to think about my own experience as a mother as I read this article. I am a single mother of six children and I can say that my confidence
grew more as I
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Quantitative And Qualitative Research In Nursing
Quantitative and Qualitative Methods in Research Evidence–based practice is a crucial part of nursing. To reach the goal of evidence–based practice it
all starts with first obtaining research. It is important to understand the different research models and be able to identify reliable research from
unreliable. While qualitative and quantitative research models differ in many ways, they both play a critical part in obtaining evidence–based practice in
nursing. The objective of this paper is to analyze qualitative and quantitative research models and how they relate to practical application.
Research Methods
Qualitative Research
Qualitative research focuses on exploratory research that looks at personal opinions, motivations, and emotions behind the information gathered.
Qualitative research helps give insight into understanding the deeper meaning and answering the why and how behind the research. When conducting
qualitative research one must first decide on a sample selection, which means picking a target population, community, or study area to obtain
information from. Qualitative data collection is usually left open–ended using methods such as interviews, observations, focus groups, case studies, and
assessments to produce common themes during data analysis (Yates & Leggett, 2016). There are two different kinds of data analysis, inductive and
deductive. "Inductive analysis involves discovering patterns, themes, and categories in one's data, whereas deductive analysis begins
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Quantitative And Qualitative Research M
Strengths and Weaknesses of Qualitative and
Quantitative Research Approaches?
Table of Contents
1. Introduction................................................................................................................................ 3
2 .Quantitative Research Approach................................................................................................ 3 2.1
Strengths..........................................................................................4 2.2 Weaknesses.......................................................................................4
3 .Qualitative Research Approach ................................................................................................. 5 2.1
Strengths..........................................................................................5 2.2 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2.1 Strengths:
в– Testing and validating already constructed theories about how and why phenomena occur.
в– Testing hypotheses that are constructed before the data are collected.
в– Can generalize research findings when the data are based on random samples of sufficient size.
в– Can generalize a research finding when it has been replicated on many different populations and subpopulations.
в– Useful for obtaining data that allow quantitative predictions to be made.
в– The researcher may construct a situation that eliminates the confounding influence of many variables, allowing one to more credibly establish
cause–and–effect relationships.
в– Data collection using some quantitative methods is relatively quick (e.g., telephone interviews).
в– Provides precise, quantitative, numerical data.
в– Data analysis is relatively less time consuming (using statistical software).
в– The research results are relatively independent of the researcher (e.g., statistical significance).
в– It may have higher credibility with many people in power (e.g., administrators, politicians, people who fund programs).
в– It is useful for studying large numbers of people.
2.2 Weaknesses:
в– The researcher's categories that are used might not reflect local constituencies' understandings.
в– The researcher's theories that are used might not reflect local constituencies' understandings.
в– The researcher might miss out on phenomena occurring because of the focus on theory or hypothesis testing
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Qualitative Research And Quantitative Research
Qualitative research and Quantitative research
Qualitative research
Defilation
Qualitative research is a method used in different academic disciplines, generally in social science, but also in research and further contexts. Qualitative
researchers aim to attain detailed understanding of human behavior rand the reasons that govern such behavior. The qualitative method investigates the
why and how of decision making, not just what, where, when. Hence, smaller but focused mainly on samples are more often used than large samples.
In the conventional view, qualitative methods produce information only on the particular cases studied, and any more general conclusions are only
propositions (informed assertions). Quantitative methods can then be used to seek empirical support for such research hypotheses.
Introduction There is a current dispute between qualitative and quantitative research methods. It is an international acuminous and there are elements of
state–sponsored sp0rt in the west for a return to kind of neopositivist quantitative inquiry.(stronach 2006; 758) Qualitative research becoming more and
more accepted in all world as a way of research. The reason behind is that, qualitative research give us a large general surface picture plus qualitative
research give us in depth picture and both pictures are probably valuable as compare to hd documents.
Qualitative researchers are caught in the middle of
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Qualitative And Quantitative Research Methods
Qualitative and quantitative research methods are two alternative applications for research methods. Both are very different in how data is collected,
what data is collected, and how data is measured. Both of these research methods are utilized amongst the major areas of psychology and the social
sciences. This paper will provide a brief description of qualitative and quantitative methods, provide the differences between the two approaches along
with the terminology used for both; I will also refer to my article of choice from week one and specify which research method is used in that particular
study; and finally, I will determine whether that same research study is non–experimental or experimental. First off, how is qualitative and... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
With this method, a phenomenon is explained without much emphasis on what caused the event to occur. This process examines a situation as it
exists in its current state (Bhawna & Gobind, 2015, p. 49). Then there is experimental research. This method is the opposite of descriptive research.
The goal here is to explain a phenomenon. Thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are described, and a causal statement is made (Newman, 2016). The
experimental research employs the use of control groups and experimental groups; as well as independent and dependent variables. The control group
is the baseline for the comparison while the experimental group serves to test the hypothesis (Newman, 2016). Independent variables are manipulated
during an experiment, while the dependent variable is what is measured by the outcome of the independent variable (Newman, 2016). Then there is
causal research. Bhawna and Gobind (2015) state, "In causal research, the researcher examines how the independent variables reflected by the
dependent variables and involve cause and effect relationships between the variables (p. 50)." Qualitative and quantitative research methods are
frequently used when conducting psychological research. However, each has a different objective and involve a different procedure. When an
individual or researcher attempts to test their hypothesis, it is imperative that they know the difference in the two. Knowing the difference will help
scientists
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Qualitative And Quantitative Research Methods
Qualitative research methods usually involve in depth interviews to discover view points on an issue. Unlike quantitative research, qualitative research
does not involve statistical tests (Differences Between Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods). "Putting the 'patient' in patient safety: a
qualitative study of consumer experiences" is a good qualitative research article for a nurse to critique. The research articles title clearly indicates the
main objective of the study is to find out how consumers feel about safety regarding their experiences in the hospital. The abstract effectively
summarizes the report giving information about the background, objectives, design, results, and conclusion. The analysis of the study followed an
interpretive analytical approach. The introduction in the research article states the problem as having very little information on how patients and
caregivers interpret the level of safety in their care during a hospital stay. The problem statement is significant for nursing and is a good problem to
study to improve healthcare for the consumer. The research question is clearly stated as having two objectives. "The first is to identify overarching
themes categorizing patient and family experiences of safety in the hospital; and the second is to contribute to theory of how consumers' experiences
of safety influence their overall perceptions of the care they receive" (Rathert, Brandt, & Williams, 2011). The literature review
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Comparing Quantitative and Qualitative Research
COMPARING QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Social theory is a "system of interconnected ideas that condenses and organises the knowledge about the social world and explains how it works"
(Neuman, 2006, p.8) and for many years scientists have gathered data using specialised techniques such as Quantative and Qualitative research to
support or reject these theories. Quantitative research "generates numerical data or information that can be converted into numbers," (Experiment
Resources, 2009, p.1) meaning only measurable data will be gathered and analysed in this type of research. Qualitative Research on the other hand
"generates non–numerical data and focuses on gathering mainly verbal data rather than measurements" (Experiment ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Quantitative Research on the other hand focuses more on counting, classifying features and constructing statistical models and figures to explain what
is observed (Experiment resources, 2009). Qualitative data cannot be mathematically analysed in the same comprehensive way as quantitative results
and therefore can only give a guide to general trends. Quantative experiments if designed properly, rule out personal opinion and judgment, and provide
results rather than observations that can be viewed as real and unbiased (Given, 2008). Quantative research also allows for replication, unlike qualitative
research design, which is usually unique and cannot be exactly recreated. (Martyn Shuttleworth, 2008). Quantitative Research makes use of tools such
as questionnaires, surveys and other equipment to collect numerical or measurable data and what will most likely appear in your discussion are tables
containing data in the form of numbers and statistics (Experiment resources, 2009). Quantitative research design is also "an excellent way of finalising
results and proving or disproving a hypothesis and because the structure has not changed for centuries, it is standard across many scientific fields and
disciplines" (Martyn Shuttleworth, 2008).
When comparing Quantative and Qualitative research methods, it is evident that there are limitations to both forms of research methodologies.
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Compare Qualitative And Quantitative Research
Qualitative researchers are interested in understanding the meaning people have constructed, that is, how people make sense of their world and
experience they have in the world. (Merriam, 2009)
They are also interested in researching using methods such as participant observation or case studies which result in a narrative, descriptive account of
setting or practice. (Parkinson & Drislane, 2011)
This above premises however limits the scope of quantitative research but a definition by Nkwi, Nyamongo, and Ryan 2001) which states that,
qualitative research involves any research that uses data that do not indicate ordinal values". Furthermore, qualitative research involves collecting and
working with text, images and sound.
On the other hand, quantitative ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
How many males get a first–class degree at university compared to females?
Since establishing the definition and approaches of both the qualitative and quantitative researches respectively let's take a look at their similarities.
Quantitative and qualitative research methods are similar primarily because they are both methods of research that are limited by variables.
Additionally, qualitative and quantitative research methods can be used to study the same phenomenon. However, qualitative research is most often
used to study people, while quantitative research typically measures the frequency or total of something. Regardless, both methods are often capable of
investigating the same hypothesis.
For example, a qualitative study can gather information on the effectiveness of welfare policies by analyzing self–reported financial information from
welfare recipients. On the other hand, quantitative research can be used to look at the financial situations of the same recipients by analyzing financial
documents. Both studies analyze the same kind of information and investigate the same question. However, the information that is being analyzed is
what is
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Qualitative And Quantitative Research Methodology
Methodology is a vital fraction of research. It is a systematic process where the value of research is dealt in methodology itself. Research
methodology constitutes the core base and structure of the study through which data is collected and analyzed. Research methodology is based on
research processes and the kind of tools and procedures to be used (Babbie, 2002). It indicates the general pattern of organizing the procedure for
gathering reliable data for the research problem. Methodology is the philosophical framework within which the research is conducted or the foundation
upon which the research is based (Brown, 2006) Research methodology is very important in research because it explains the entire process of the study.
This chapter explicates the information concerning methods, approaches and design, the location where the purpose... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In order to assess adolescent's awareness and attitude towards reproductive health quantitative and qualitative approach was used. A combination of
these techniques was used so as to minimize subjectivity of judgment (Kealy and Protheroe, 1996), and also to give room for personal experiences of
the participants. The use of the both these approaches could find flexibility in data collection and interpretation of the collected information. The most
common, useful purposes and main aims of research were exploration, description and rational explanation based on data (Richardson, 2005; Babbie,
2007). In this study, quantitative research methodology was used to assess adolescents knowledge and attitude towards reproductive health and
qualitative research was used to find out opinions and views through discussions about importance of reproductive health information, areas of
reproductive health education and to determine a Social Work intervention programme to promote reproductive health awareness, to create adolescent
friendly institutions and effective use of reproductive health
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Qualitative Research On Quantitative Research
The qualitative research method involves analysing data, such as words, pictures or objects. It is more subjective, and requires the researcher to
interpret data in order to form thematic ideas. Quantitative research can gather a large amount of data that can be easily organised and manipulated into
reports for analysis. It often includes one to one interview. It utilises open– ended questions. This means that the researcher has to interpret their
findings. Moreover, in qualitative research is used to generate hypotheses and develop an understanding about a particular group that uses words and
images rather that numbers. That being said, a qualitative research focuses on a smaller sample group to help find a deeper analysis of a topic ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The third report, which I will briefly discuss, is called Understanding inequalities in London's life expectancy and healthy life expectancy. For example,
the reports briefly mentioned about different the types of case studies, questionnaires, interviews, surveys and telephone screening.
The first report that I found from SCIE aimed to find out systematic ways of conducting research about old people from all available evidence,
minimising bias and assembling as complete as possible a picture of the knowledge available. In this report, the researchers used qualitative synthesis.
For this matter, the researcher wanted to find out the importance of giving information and education is essentials and the effectiveness prior to
discharge from hospital and continues when the older person returns home.
The different kinds of studies that are required include qualitative accounts of the views of those receiving services, and descriptive and observational
work on how interventions are put into practice (so–called 'process and implementation studies'). In the systematic review community, these are
sometimes referred to as 'studies with diverse designs' and since such studies by definition use a variety of methods, they require different kinds of
methods to synthesise their findings. (SCIE, 2006)
This paper was based only on the responses
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Qualitative And Quantitative Research In Nursing
In order for a healthcare system to run effectively, research is essential when patents are involved. According to Jones (2016), research involves a
structured, planned and logical approach to discovering new information, while aiming to extend understanding on a topic or problem area within the
healthcare profession. To achieve this, research is divided into two methodologies, qualitative and quantitative.Qualitative research involves methods
that are concerned with human perceptions and understanding of their social reality, adopted under complex research topics (Washer, Salloch, Ritter,
Vollmann, Schildmann, 2017). These are usually adapted when the exploration topic involves patient experiences, perceptions, meanings, intentions
and behaviours (Jones, 2016). Whereas quantitative approaches aim to produce and control social phenomena, through measurement, evaluation and
generalisation of findings of a population and encouraging the reproduction of the results obtained. These studies are based around testing hypotheses
utilising patients to achieve research goals in controlled environments (Park & Park, 2016). This paper will explore the features of qualitative and
quantitative research through papers involving patients in order to highlight the differences in their features, via the aim, data collection methods and
results obtained. The quantitative paper explores the effect of muscle energy technique and passive stretching on patients with functional disability with
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
qualitative and quantitative research methods
Psychological Research Methods: Exploring Qualitative and Quantitative Research
In psychology, answers to our questions are not as succinct as in other types of sciences, and the findings essentially depend upon the underlying
epistemology used. This essay seeks to define and examine the fields of qualitative and quantitative research. It will address the different
epistemologies and methodologies of each paradigm, and aim to give you a brief overview of the two main research methods underlying scientific
knowledge.
Qualitative research is often only defined in contrast to Quantitative research; That is, it does not involve statistics, nor does it depend on the level of
objectivity that characterises the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ponterotto (2005) further states that the aim of quantitative research is the prediction, and control of variables that can be expressed as mathematical
formulas to determine functional relationships.
These differing ontological approaches bring to pass differing methodological approaches. Methodology refers to the processes and procedures of the
research. Research methods used include observation, interviews, focus groups, surveys, case studies, questionnaires and analysis of text (Ponterotto,
2005, p.132).
Observational research is non–experimental research where a researcher observes ongoing behaviour. It can be unstructured, semi–structured,
structured, participant or non–participant (Wellington& Szczerbinski, 2007, p.80). Some limitations to this type of research are language and cultural
barriers as well as the risk of observer bias, with one of the advantages being that the researcher gains access to information they normally wouldn't
have. Observation is typically used in qualitative research, but can be used in quantitative research prior to designing questionnaires (Wellington&
Szczerbinski, 2007, p.80).
As with observation, interviews and focus groups can be structured, semi–structured and unstructured, and can use photographs, notes, videos and tape
recordings to improve data quality. Interviewing allows the researcher to guide and
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Quantitative Research : The Purpose Of Nursing Research
Purpose The overall purpose of nursing research is to answer questions or solve problems of significance to the nursing profession. The specific purpose
of nursing research includes identification, explanation, investigation, clarification, prediction, and control (Polit & Beck, 2017). Inside each purpose,
numerous types of questions are focused by nurse researchers; specific inquiries are more responsive to qualitative than to quantitative analysis and
vice versa. Many qualitative studies concentrate on phenomena about which little is known. In some cases, so little is known that the phenomenon has
yet to be clearly identified or named– or it has been inadequately defined or conceptualized. The comprehensive, exploratory nature of... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Randomization of any experimental groups is vital to the quantitative approach, and a control group should be included, wherever possible (Polit &
Beck, 2017). The aim is to prove cause and effect in relationships among variables under the experiment (Philip,2014). Quantitative research does not
collect data before finalizing the research design. Qualitative researchers, by contrast, use an emergent design–a design that transpires during the course
of data collection (Polit & Beck, 2017). Certain design features are guided by the study's qualitative tradition, but qualitative studies do not have a rigid
structure that prohibits changes in the field. Thus, qualitative research frequently takes some form of naturalistic observation, such as organized
interviews or ethnography. (Polit & Beck, 2017).
Tools
Quantitative researchers seek to collect high–quality data by using measuring instruments with demonstrated reliability and validity (Polit & Beck,
2017). Qualitative researchers, by contrast, are the primary data collection instrument and must take steps to ensure the trustworthiness of the data
while in the field. The fundamental features of these efforts are to confirm that the findings accurately reflect the experiences and viewpoints of the
participants, rather than the researchers' perceptions (Polit & Beck, 2017). For example, one confirmatory activity involves going back to participants
and sharing preliminary
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Quantitative Research In The Military
The United States Military is one of Americas largest and long standing corporation to date, employing over a million members annually, deploying
members all over the world, and managing millions of resources and thousands of skill sets daily. This essay will review quantitative research methods
and tools. explore how the military has learned to apply them on a practical level and summarize their effectiveness within the military. In conclusion, a
hypothesis on the future of quantitative research methods in the military and as a whole will be explored.
INTRODUCTION:
President George W. Bushonce said " Leadership to me means duty, honor, country. It means character, and it means listening from time to time"
(Bush, G.W., date unknown). The United States Military is a force like no other and has been around since our colonial days in 1512 where militiamen
would guard their homes and colonies, however, the Unites States Congress didn't officially create a "Military" until September 29,1789. The US
Military is sometimes frustratingly slow to grasp new and useful concepts, due to the fact that they are seeped in "military traditions" . However in the
1990's, right about the time that quantitative research started gaining popularity, military leaders started to take periodic looks at how operations were
going, how personnel felt about where the services are heading and how the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In simple terms " Quantitative Research uses measurable data to formulate facts and uncover patterns in research." (Wyse, S. (2011)). There are
multiple quantitative research tools that help the military to gauge where the service stands on a multitude of platforms. Collection methods include
but are not limited to, online surveys, paper surveys, face–to–face interviews, telephone interviews, online polls and systematic observations (Wyse, S.
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

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The Importance Of Quantitative And Qualitative Research

  • 1. The Importance Of Quantitative And Qualitative Research Qualitative and qualitative analysis has been adopted since time immemorial in providing relevance to data. By description, a quantitative research employs numerical data to quantify the adversity of a situation; thus, it addresses "effect" (Jonassen, 2008). The quantitative analysis involves the use of scientific methods and statistical computations to transform data into a format that is easy to interpret (Polit, & Beck, 2017). On the other hand, a qualitative study seeks to identify explanations for a given situation under review; so, it answers the question "why" (Jonassen, 2008). Qualitative data is mainly concerned data that cannot be measured or quantified and is prone to many variables (Polit, & Beck, 2017). A mixture of the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... For example, Hemachandar (2015) clearly states how he arrives at the percentage influence for every variable. However, one may find the details rather confusing, especially if they do not have sufficient knowledge of the factors at hand (Madrigal & McClain, 2012). For instance, one may not understand how author connects his numerical findings in coming up with a sensible conclusion (Hemachandar, 2015). One of the disadvantages that result from the quantitative data analysis is that it requires more resources at disposal because of the huge population needed to make a statistical significance (Mertens, 2014). From the review of the two articles, the quantitative analysis has very many advantages. The quantitative data can be used to test the hypothesis and even test the relationship between the dependent and the independent variables because of the ability to make statistical derivatives using scientific methods. Similarly, the use of the two approaches concurrently has its strengths and weaknesses. Madrigal & McClain (2012) acknowledge that the application of the two helps in developing a strong paper, where qualitative approaches give background information while quantitative methods explore the data. An example, Astle & Jensen, (2005) had some prior information about CVC–related infections; hence, they ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 2. Quantitative Research Vs. Qualitative Research Within research there are two categories of ways in which you can conduct your study and present you findings. A researcher can either use qualitative research or quantitative research. Qualitative research is more descriptive and narrative in nature than quantitative and uses words and classifications to tell about a situation or subject. Conversely, quantitative research is more concerned with numbers and statistics found. Many different types of research questions can be answered by quantitative research including "What is something?", "Could there be a correlation between these phenomenon?", or "Does A cause B to happen?". A researcher attempting to answer these types of questions could use surveys or experiments to collect data. Then... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Moody's chapters include Problem Statement, Literature Review, Methodology, Results, and Discussion/Conclusion. In her appendices she included all of her approval letters and consent forms such as her approval letter from the IRB. The author's two tables include a table on her descriptive statistics and her regression results. Moody explains the problem of form–blindness for fingerprint examiners and then explains that her purpose is "to demonstrate the applicability of form–blindness testing in forensic science laboratory arenas by validating a form–blindness exam already being administered" (Moody, 2016). She also examined other variables including eyesight, training, and age to ascertain whether or not these factors had any impact on possible aptitude of the subject taking the test. The researcher found that variables such as age, GPA, major, vision, and dyslexia had no effect on how the subject performed on the test. However, the sex of the subject and the use of medication were found to have a statistically significant effect on performance (Moody, 2016). The second honors thesis that I read was "Exploring the Perception Towards Enhancing Credentials by Certification of Latent Fingerprint Examiners in the Southern United States" by Christopher Brewer. This particular thesis is 25 pages with 6 chapters, a works cited, and appendices. This thesis was done in MLA format and uses a survey. Brewer's chapters include Introduction, Literature Review, ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 3. Quantitative, Qualitative, And Mixed Research Executive Summary This paper compares and contrasts three different approaches utilised in research on technology: quantitative, qualitative, and mixed research. A description of these three approaches is followed by a discussion of how the components of these three approaches differ. Philosophical assumptions, methods/types, purposes/goals, and data analysis are examined. In order to enhance the understanding of these different approaches, six mobile technology research projects are discussed with a focus on these components. Finally, critiques and lessons learned with each approach is presented. 2. Introduction This paper begins by describing quantitative, qualitative, and mixed approaches and the key elements utilised in research on technology. This is followed by a comparison of all three and a discussion of components upon which these three approaches to research on technology differ. In order to enhance the understanding of these differences, six mobile technology research projects are discussed with a focus on these components. Finally, critiques and lessons learned is presented. 3. Literature Review While most researchers recognize the existence of the two approaches for conducting technological research: quantitative and qualitative, there seems to be three perspectives as to how these different approaches are viewed and conducted. The first is or, the second is either/or and the third is both. An analysis will now be presented on the different ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 4. Quantitative Research. Essay Statement 1 Proverbs 25:2 says,"It is the glory of God to conseal things, but the glory of kings is to search things out. " Qualitative research focuses on deeper issues and asked the questions of how, when and why people do things. Quantitative research behaves in a quantified since and assigns numerical values to responses and measure statics. With this said Proverbs, the bible verse, supports that research methods can be Godly. I interpret that verse as meaning that it is important to know and confirm in your mind that you know something, but it is better to research the topic in a biblical since rather thas a secular or worldly since. the glory of kings is researching and becomeing stronger on a topic. Pshycologists often study ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... With this said Qualitative Research in non–statical and most of their cases are non–represented cases and full fill a given time line. This method is best because it investigates information and gives a better understanding for future decision making. This method does this without making general observations about the population of interest. Statement 2 Quantitative research methods are best because they use quantity data to obtain results from the population of interest. This for example can be bases on what the majority feels. The method uses measures in the view and opinion of others and who feels them the most or less. This method can be chosen at random representing the population of interest. They collect their data by telephone interviews, online questionnaires, and sometimes on the street. This is usually the final and best method to go to when choosing a course of action. This is best to research something further and usually comes after Qualitative research. 1 Chronicles 29:17 "I know, my God, that you examine our hearts and rejoice when you find integrity there. You know I have done all this with good motives, and I have watched your people offer their gifts willingly and joyously". Principle C: Integrity:"Psychologists seek to promote accuracy, honesty, and truthfulness in the science, teaching, and practice ofpsychology. In these activities psychologists do not steal, cheat, or engage'in fraud, ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 5. Quantitative Research : Qualitative Research Points of Consideration for this Qualitative Research Skinner, Tagg, and Holloway (2000) stressed that engaging in qualitative research demands an understanding of some of the drawbacks associated with doing this type of research. A number of common concerns related to qualitative research are found in the literature. The time and resources involved in collecting and analyzing qualitative data are mentioned frequently (e.g., Creswell, 1998; Skinner, Tagg, & Holloway, 2000). A related concern involves depending on others for access to documents such as diaries, logs, and other records. Training for qualitative research is also a concern, especially when working in an environment where quantitative research is the norm and where qualitative research is not understood or appreciated. A lack of training in or understanding of qualitative methodologies leads to other issues. One is applying quantitative methods in analysis of qualitative analysis, and another is approaching qualitative research with a quantitative mind set (Skinner, Tagg, & Holloway, 2000). Brooks (1998) suggests that "most qualitative studies are still based on the same realist and objectivist assumptions as quantitative studies" (p. 276). As an example, she cites a study of organizational learning that she analyzed from two different qualitative perspectives at different points in time. The first analysis was conducted from an empirical perspective even though she was looking for interpretive results. After ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 6. The Pros And Cons Of Quantitative Research This paper primarily concerns qualitative research, but we were asked to compare both qualitative and quantitative methods. During comparison, there are many noted differences in both study designs, but not many similarities. Qualitative research uses a subjective approach with a large sample population. It collects non–statistical data, using an unstructured or semi–structured technique (Nieswiadomy & Bailey, 2018). Quantitative research uses an objective approach and large, random, sampling to ask opinions in a structured way. The findings of quantitative studies are conclusive and used to recommend a final course of action (Nieswiadomy & Bailey, 2018). While it is hard to see similarities between the two, both methods aim to find a solution to a problem or question, the researcher doing the study may affect the outcome and an analysis of the collected data must be done (Souza, 2017). What many don't realize is the connection amongst the two. You can say, both types of research build upon one another, meaning quantitative studies can quantify results found in qualitative research (Souza, 2017). I read two articles one qualitative, the other quantitative, in which both studies attempted to gain solutions to the prevention of severe pressure ulcer development. "A pressure ulcer is a localized injury to the skin and /or underlying tissue usually over a bony prominence, as a result of pressure, or pressure in combination with shear" (Souza, 2017 pg. 1). The studies took place ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 7. Qualitative Research : Quantitative Research Essay Qualitative research is a kind of of scientific research which consists of an analysis that look for answers to a question, systematically uses a specific procedures to answer the question, gathers evidence, generate findings that are legit farther the limits of the study. Qualitative research has these characteristics. As an addition, it looks for to analyze the research problem or motif from the aspect of the local people who involves the study. Qualitative research is particularly effective in gathering culturally specific data about the ethics,behaviors, values and opinions of specific populations. The power of qualitative research is its capability to supply complicated definition of how people reacts about the research issue. It supplies data about the "human" side of a topic. Qualitative methods are also useful in labeling abstract factors, such as gender roles, religion and ethnicity. When work with quantitative methods, qualitative research can help to define and better explain the complicated matter of a given topic and the conclusions of quantitative data. Even though results of qualitative information can often be enlarged to people with aspects similar to study population, achieving a productive and compound grasp of a particular social topic or phenomenon typically can be theorize to other geological areas or populations. In this manner, qualitative research is different insignificantly from scientific research in common. There are three most ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 8. Research Methodology And Quantitative Research This section of the study will outline the selected research methodology and the justification for these selections. The key aim of this chapter is to elucidate the various methods of research, the chosen one, the rationale of the chosen methodology and importantly how it appropriately suite the research. It is first essential to start the difference between qualitative and quantitative research to determine which method is best appropriate for this study. The data collection method will be properly outlined, clearly stating the advantages and drawbacks. Qualitative and Quantitative Research Several academics have attempted to ascertain the differences between qualitative research and quantitative research. Hair et al. (2007) for example emphasized the main differences stating that quantitative data are measurement in which numbers are used directly to represent the characteristics of something, thus, the number related records lends itself to statistical analysis. While qualitative data represents descriptions of things that are made without assigning numbers directly. This method is architecture to facilitate better understanding of people, understand the culture and social perspective of people (Myers, 2009). The following differences were emphasized by Saunders et al. (2009) and Hair et al. (2007): Quantitative ApproachQualitative Approach Based on meanings derived from numbersBased on meanings expressed through words Collection results in numerical and standardized ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 9. Quantitative Research Method . Choice of Research Method: Quantitative, Qualitative or Mixed? Research methods are procedures for research that informs not only the techniques chosen for the data collection, but also informs the selection of data analysis techniques in order to deal with research questions or hypotheses. It can be distinguished as three types: quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Qualitative research is a method of investigation for exploring and in–depth understanding the behaviour and process within individuals or groups and the cause of those of behaviour and process. Qualitative data is typically collected directly from the people in which data analysis is built based on an impression from particulars to general themes. Hence, researcher make interpretations of the meaning of the data with some influences from personal background, subjectivity and experiences. In contrast, a quantitative research method is based on previously defined epistemological stance based on empiricism knowledge creation. Thus, it investigates to test the hypothesis and theories by examining the relationship among variables and measurement the analytical outcomes of variables. In between qualitative and quantitative methods, mixed methods research combines qualitative and quantitative methods, techniques or data (Rao and Woolcock, 2004; Creswell, 2009).The research methods should be designed based on research questions and issues being addressed, epistemological assumptions of study and specific techniques of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Each approach has its own strengths/advantages and weaknesses/limitations, and the choice of method depends primarily on the purpose, type of research question to be answered, setting, and time and resource constraints. However, recent literature suggests and provides a strong basis for the combination of both methods (Kanbur and Shaffer, ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 10. quantitative and qualitative research approach The issue of quantitative and qualitative research approach has been discussed widely nowadays. Some people believe quantitative research approach is trustworthy than qualitative research approach. This essay will discuss the features of quantitative and qualitative research, and the reason why people believe quantitative research approach is trustworthy than qualitative research approach. Both quantitative and qualitative researches have been used as research approach recently. (What is the purpose of this para??)(Combine with the first para?) As Fred Kerlinger (1999) has mentioned about quantitative research, "There's no such thing as qualitative data. Everything is either 1 or 0", quantitative research approach is an approach ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Firstly, most of the researchers need to interact with people during collecting data. As researchers use tools such as questionnaires and interviews to collect data, they must interact with interviewees during the process. Although both of them ask questions in different ways, they are able to arrive at the desired answer through interacting with people. Besides, although qualitative research used verbal data to proceed their research mainly, sometimes numerical data is used. For instance, to determine how individual feels, opinion data is commonly used in the progress in qualitative research, using numbers one to five to find how individuals feel. It is a kind of numerical data since it produce numerical outcome, which researchers use to summarize the research. In addition, researchers need to use numerical data to support their hypothesis before conducting their research. If their hypothesis has no data to support, the credibility of it will be limited. Therefore, numerical data will be used in both of the research to support their argument. Moreover, researchers need to use their own data to develop their research and support their hypothesis. Although second hand resources may helpful to their research, it may be outdated or not appropriate to the research. Hence, primary data is important for ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 11. Questions On Quantitative And Qualitative Research Other Approaches to Research In the 20th century researchers developed other research designs that draw on quantitative and qualitative elements. Mixed methods, action research, and program evaluation follow the research design process of quantitative and qualitative research. Action research and program evaluation however are not applied research designs. Mixed Methods As the name implies, mixed methods research combines both quantitative and qualitative components to add depth and breadth to the research study (Laureate Education, Inc., n.d. g). As with quantitative and qualitative research methodology, mixed methods researchers begin with the research question that will guide the type of data collected, do an extensive literature ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Like qualitative, quantitative, and mixed–methods research, action researchers reflect on their practice, and then define a problem within it, gather data, review the literature, identify colleagues who will collaborate in the action research process, carry out the action plan, analyze the data, and form possible conclusions (Lodico, Spaulding, & Voegtle, 2010). Multiple types of data are collected. Researchers use a triangulation matrix to corroborate their results. Unlike applied research, action researchers do not use complicated statistical analysis to measure quantitative data. They also do not provide the deep level of analysis found in qualitative research. However, action researchers can and do use descriptive statistics, coding, and triangulation to detect possible themes that emerge from the data, thereby ensuring their results are credible and dependable (Lodico, Spaulding, & Voegtle, 2010). There are two types of action research: critical action research and practical action research. In critical action research, the researcher attempts to address major societal issues, such as sexism, racism, or other types of injustice within an educational system (Lodico, Spaulding, & Voegtle, 2010). In contrast, practical action research involves making changes to educational systems, but the changes are smaller and happen ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 12. Compare And Contrast Quantitative And Quantitative Research Qualitative and quantitative research are methods used in Sociology to explain and describe data. However, these methods contrast in different important aspects. According to Denscombe, M., (2010), even though, both quantitative and qualitative research use the same methods to collect the information, interviews, surveys, observations, as primary data, and documents, as a secondary data; how the results are put and collected and how the method is conducted will determine the final result, whether to get qualitative or quantitative data. On one hand, in quantitative research, the surveys are conducted through questionnaires. These are a set of questions to be asked to the respondent and are used to test a theory. The questionnaire is done ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 13. Quantitative Research Chapter 3 CHAPTER 3 – RESEARCH METHODS 3.1 Research Approach There are two research approaches that researchers have to consider in conducting a research. Those are quantitative and qualitative research. While both approaches become standards for conducting a research, both approaches have major differences in answering research questions and gathering the valid data. Quantitative research can be described as an approach to which it explains a phenomenon expressed in numerical data and analyzed by using mathematically–based statistical tools (Aliaga and Gunderson, 2000). As a conclusive research, quantitative research emphasizes what are the causes of the phenomenon, assuming people to have fixed factors to which it causes a phenomenon. Moreover, quantitative approach is more limited, emphasized only on measuring the quantity of phenomenon instead of describing it. Thus, quantitative research has less statistical tools compare to qualitative research. However, it has several advantages such as more time and cost saving. Regarding to this research, the author decides to use quantitative research in conducting a research. The reason why the author chooses quantitative research is because this research is more emphasized on what considerations that people make in buying an automobile. Moreover, the author assumes that people ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... In this research, the author will be gathering two forms of data. First being primary data which refers to form of data that is collected by the author itself. The primary data on this research refers to questionnaire which will be given to participants. On the other hand, secondary data refers to collection of data that has been collected by others. The secondary data refers to scientific literature such as books and journals in order to help the author to observe the problem on this ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 14. Quantitative Research Design Is The Standard Experimental... Quantitative research design is the standard experimental method of most scientific disciplines. These experiments are sometimes referred to as true science, and use traditional mathematical and statistical means to measure results conclusively. They are most commonly used by physical scientists, although social sciences, education and economics have been known to use this type of research. It is the opposite of qualitative research. Quantitative experiments all use a standard format, with a few minor inter–disciplinary differences, of generating a hypothesis to be proved or disproved. This hypothesis must be provable by mathematical and statistical means, and is the basis around which the whole experiment is designed. Randomization of any study groups is essential, and a control group should be included, wherever possible. A sound quantitative design should only manipulate one variable at a time, or statistical analysis becomes cumbersome and open to question. Ideally, the research should be constructed in a manner that allows others to repeat the experiment and obtain similar results. Advantages Quantitative research design is an excellent way of finalizing results and proving or disproving a hypothesis. The structure has not changed for centuries, so is standard across many scientific fields and disciplines. After statistical analysis of the results, a comprehensive answer is reached, and the results can be legitimately discussed and published. Quantitative experiments ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 15. Pros And Cons Of Quantitative Research The cons of obtaining a certification or advanced preparation in an area of specialty begin with the length of time to study. The students need to be engaged in 18 to 24 months of full time studies to succeed and potential more if the student is employed during the curriculum. Upon completion, the graduation requirement is a certification of completion which means hours of studying to successfully sit and pass the examination. Prior to studying, the student must have successfully completed a Bachelor's degree in nursing from an accredited institution and have at least one–year clinical practical experience in the field of nursing. Another con is the expense at which it takes to complete the degree. Many students already owe a substantial amount in loans and may have difficulty securing additional loans. The pros and cons of nursing research is largely dependent on the type of research methods used. One type of research is the quantitative research where the goal is to provide a relationship between a dependent and independent variable. One of the pro in this type of research is the fact that numerical data are used eliminating the chance of misrepresentation of the data. Repeated investigation can be carried out using similar situation, methods and a valuable comparison of the results can be duly appreciated. This kind of study allows the use of statistics to better comprehend things about the data and these researchers can easily and quickly analyze them. The results of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 16. The Importance Of Quantitative Research Designs Qualitative and quantitative designs are to methods used to conduct research studies and analyze data obtained in these studies. Qualitative research designs involve gaining understanding the causal reasons and motivations of an issue. A qualitative design offers insights into the background of an issue and produces concepts and hypotheses for future quantitative research. Qualitative research reveals widespread trends in thoughts and opinions of the topic being analyzed (Stangor, 2013). Quantitative designs focus on quantifying data and generalizing results from a sample to the population of interest. Quantitative research measures the occurrence of several views and opinions in a selected sample and is sometimes followed by qualitative research that may be used to explore findings further (Stangor, 2013). For the purposes of this paper two research studies were selected, one focusing on qualitative research designs and the other focusing on quantitative research designs. The qualitative study selected was conducted to help surge an understanding regarding the complication of family relationships and support for mothers. The study used a sample of 19 participants, 8 mothers and 11 mental health service providers, the findings of this qualitative study is useful for future services of mothers with mental illness to support their overall recovery (citation). The 11 mental health providers volunteered for the study which took place at the adult public mental health service ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 17. Quantitative research methods Quantitative Research Methods Quantitative means quantity which implies that there is something that can be counted. Quantitative research has been defined in many ways. It is the kind of research that involves the tallying, manipulation or systematic aggregation of quantities of data (Henning, 1986) John W. Creswell defined quantitativeresearch as an inquiry into a social or human problem based on testing a theory composed a theory composed of variables, measured with numbers, and analysed with statistical procedures in order to determine whether the predictive generalisations of the theory holds true. (Creswell, 2003) On the other hand, another author defined quantitative research as the collection of numerical data in order to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Nowadays this is carried out with the aid of sophisticated statistical computer packages. The analysis enables the researcher to determine to what extent, there is a relationship between two or more variables. This could be a simple association (for example people who exercise on a daily basis have lower blood pressure) or a causal relationships (for example daily exercise actually leads to lower blood pressure) Statistical analysis permits the researcher to discover complex causal relationships and to determine to what extent one variable influences another. The results of statistical analysis are presented in a standard way, the end result being a Probability value. Reasons for selecting a quantitative paradigm Researcher's world view A researcher's comfort with ontological, epistemological, axiological, rhetorical, and methodological assumptions of the quantitative paradigm Training and Experience of the researcher Technical Writing Skills, computer statistical skills, library skills Researcher's Psychological attributes Comfort with rules and guidelines for conducting research; low tolerance for ambiguity; time for a study short duration Nature of the problem Previously studied by other researchers so that body of literature exists, known variables; existing theories Audience of the study Individuals accustomed to/ supportive of quantitative studies Peculiarities of Quantitative
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  • 19. Analysis Of A Quantitative Research Article Essay Analysis of a Quantitative Research Article Introduction "My PICOT statement was: "In elderly hospitalized patients 60 years of age and above, do specific fall prevention interventions, as compared to standard care, reduce the amount of falls in an inpatient setting, during their hospitalization?" For this paper I will be reviewing a quantitative research article based around my PICOT on fall risk within the hospital setting. Patient falls within the hospital setting are a nursing–sensitive quality indicator based around the delivery and care of inpatient services. As identified by the American Nurses Association, "fall rates are perceived to be the indicator that could be most improved through safety strategies and interventions" (ANA, 2002, p.179). In order to create safety strategies to improve fall risk it is important to identify which preventative measures work best within the hospital. This paper will be reflecting on the peer–reviewed Quantitative journal article found on the GCU database titled, Effectiveness of multifaceted and tailored strategies to implement a fall–prevention guideline into acute care nursing practice: a before–and after, mixed–method study using a participatory action research approach. Within this research article it states the severity of inpatient falls, specifically in the elderly, stating, "Falls are a common problem in hospitals, particularly in patients aged 65 and older. Around 30% of all persons aged 65 or older suffer a fall each ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 20. Qualitative Research And Quantitative Research In order to carry out my research, there were two feasible arguments to using qualitative research and quantitative methods. Qualitative research is recording information that express information about feelings, values and attitudes using words, whereas quantitative research uses data that is expressed in numerical form using descriptive and inferential statistics (Lindlof & Taylor, 2002).Quantitative research is useful when measuring facts and is structured using characterised surveys and statistical reliability (Grossnickle & Raskin, 2002), in contrast qualitative research can be useful to explore areas which are difficult to define, for example, underlying motives for people's views and attitudes and can offer a more humanitarian approach. There are positives and negatives to support both research to support each of these research methods. In my experience of obtaining research for a 'Community Audit', what is understood to be a method of obtaining of information useful by a community (Packham, 2000). The focus of this Community Audit, a participatory form of research, aimed to explore the identity of a sub–culture of young people who hung around a particular area of concern within Manchester City Centre. In this instance, qualitative research was the preferred method due to the aim of what the research was aiming to achieve throughout the process, such as, developing relationships, rather than focusing solely on the gathering of information and report producing. ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 21. Traditional Research Methods Of Quantitative And... Traditional research methods consist of implementing quantitative and qualitative research. Quantitative research utilizes statistical analysis by breaking down components of observation that are compared to other elements (Bergman, M. M., 2008). Qualitative research focuses on investigating the participant's range of behavior, usually with small groups, which results in descriptive analysis (Bergman M. M., 2008). Mixed method research involves using Qualitative research and Quantitative research designs. The advantage of using both is to utilize the strength of each type in order to produce an outcome that is most beneficial to the area of study (Bergman, M. M., 2008). The challenge with mixed method research in integrating the results of both Qualitative and Quantitative results in order to present unbiased scientific results that are worthy of discussion (Bergman, M. M., 2008). Action research is a practical or real–world approach to a profession inquiry in a social setting. Educational professionals may use this approach to evaluate an existing teaching method or review a new method that may be considered for use in the classroom. Action research can be implemented using mixed methods and conducted my an individual or in collaboration with other professionals. Inclusive Physical Education embraces the needs of students with physical impairments and includes them in the physical education curriculum (Goodwin, 2000). The research on students with physical ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 22. Essay on Qualitative and Quantitative Research Qualitative and Quantitative study designs both can be beneficial in research design. They both provide valuable options for researchers in the field. These techniques can either be used separately in a research study or they can be combined to achieve maximum information. This paper will define the terms qualitative and quantitative; describe the similarities and differences between each; discuss how qualitative and/or quantitative research designs or techniques could be used in the evaluation of my proposed research; and discuss why linking analysis to study design is important. Quantitative studies are primarily numbers based. They deal with large cohort groups as well as analyze large amounts of data. "A quantitative ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... When both research designs are used together, more information can be gathered. Mixed methodology uses the numerical portion of the quantitative study design in combination with the descriptive aspect of the qualitative study. There are many similarities between these two designs, which make them compatible with each other. "Whilst quantitative research may be mostly used for testing theory it can also be used for exploring an area and generating hypotheses and theory. Similarly qualitative research can be used for testing hypotheses and theories even though it is mostly used for theory generation" (Hughes, 2006). Both of these designs may be similar with testing theory, they are also similar in the tools that they use and how the data is analyzed. "Qualitative data often includes quantification (eg statements such as more than, less than, most as well as specific numbers). Quantitative (ie questionnaire) approaches can collect qualitative data through open ended questions" (Hughes, 2006). These similarities are what make these two study designs compatible for each other. There are also some differences between these study designs, which may cause some problems for the inexperienced researcher. "Quantitative research is objective; qualitative research is subjective. Quantitative research seeks explanatory laws; qualitative research aims at ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 23. Research Methods Of Quantitative Research Week 2 Assignment Adam Morrison PSY 326 Research Methods Jessica Lee Qualitative researchers are focused on interpreting and making sense out of what they observe rather than trying to simplify and quantify these observations by collecting and observing people, places and things in their natural setting. In doing this, researchers are able to investigate hypothesis with more freedom and rigidity while accepting the fact that they relinquish their ability to control direct and indirect elements of their query. What the lose in predictability, they gain in individuality. To put it simply,qualitative research is aimed at watching and explaining in order to develop a complete understanding of whatever phenomena they are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... (Patrick/Hagtvedt, 2011) Qualitative research is considered to be particularly suitable for gaining an in–depth understanding of underlying reasons and motivations. It provides insights into the setting of a problem. At the same time, it frequently generates ideas and hypotheses for later quantitative research. In the first study of their research, " One hundred and twenty undergraduates participated in a study designed to investigate the differential influence of the "don't" versus "can't" framing on actual choice of attempting item via the mediating role of feelings of empowerment. A secondary purpose of the study was to illustrate that this effect is observed for individuals for whom healthy eating is a relevant goal. In other words, the study was designed to illustrate that empowered refusal framing motivates goal–directed behavior." (Patrick/Hagtvedt, 2011) The design of this study is an example of the common criteria employed in qualitative research. The main differences between quantitative and qualitative research consist in respect to data sample, data collection, data analysis, and last but not least in regard to outcomes. (Newman, 2016) Data collection in qualitative research is not seldom based on unstructured or semi–structured, but methodologically ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 24. Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methodologies Errors are identified to focus on the weaknesses and the strengths of each student in a small group to identify areas that need improvement. Cues are related to sound–to–letter expectations and are applied during oral reading to support struggling students know how to use letter–sound knowledge improves their reading abilities. Past studies according to Savage (2007) have indicated that systematic and direct phonics instructions are effective means used to assist children to learn how to read including children with learning and reading problemsStringer (2008) emphasises the importance of ethical considerations to protect the well–being and interests of research participants, particularly, confidentiality, permissions and informed consent when planning for action research as 'the deeper purpose of research is to extend people's knowledge and understanding' (p.3). Most organisations ensure the safety of participants through formal procedures. The researcher, as an early–childhood educator of this literature review would like to adopt both the quantitative and qualitative research methods as both the methods are vital to use the acquired knowledge about the topic and must be included and reflected effectively. From the selected sources of information, there are two research methodologies that emerge while studying literature materials. These are qualitative and quantitative research methodologies. Since the field of education and teaching reading requires the participation ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 25. Quantitative And Qualitative Research Process Integration is the stage(s) where the quantitative and qualitative methods are mixed or integrated in the research process (Greene, Caracelli, & Graham, 1989; Tashakkori & Teddlie, 1998; Creswell et al., 2003). Mixing can occur at the beginning stage of the study when the researcher is formulating the quantitative and qualitative research (Teddlie & Tashakkori, 2003), and integration can be done at the interpretation stage of the quantitative and qualitative results (Onwuegbuzie & Teddlie, 2003). The quantitative and qualitative phases are connected (Hanson et al., 2005) after data analysis in the first phase to guide the data collection in the second phase. For the sequential explanatory study, I will connect the quantitative and qualitative phase during the intermediate stage in the research process. That is, I will select participants for the qualitative phone interview from those who responded to the survey in the first phase (Creswell et al., 2003). Integrating the Outcomes of Both Phases of the Study I will integrate the results of the two phases during the discussion of the study's outcomes. As indicated in the research design, I will ask both quantitative and qualitative research questions to better understand the roles that behavioral science faculty fill in inpatient medicine teaching service within family medicine residencies, what responsibilities of the roles that BSF fill, and to what extent do the responsibilities inform the roles. First, the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 26. The Application Of Quantitative, Quantitative And Mixed... Abstract The primary goal of this study is to systematize the knowledge about different research methodological approaches applied in high–ranked academic journals in the area of Business Management. The essay will examine the application of qualitative, quantitative and mixed research methods in journals, assess their usefulness and present the results of the analysis. An examination of research methods and research design will identify trends in research methodologies employed in journals and try to explain the reason of its application in academic papers. Key words: qualitative research, quantitative research, mixed method research, methodology Introduction Defining a case study method indicates the problem and entails finding a solution to solve it. However, to answer the research questions it is vital to demonstrate deep consideration of the elements related to particular research design, and to show the ability to reflect upon research philosophy and approach to theory (Easterby–Smith et al., 2012; Eisendhardt, 1989). In business and management research a regular investigation not only leads to solving business problems, but also contributes to management knowledge (Edmondson and McManus, 2016). There are different methods solutions as well as various ways of conducting them. Based on the literature review, we can distinguish qualitative, quantitative and mixed research methodological approaches. Despite the fact that the quantitative method based their theory on ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 27. A Research Study On Quantitative Research A Quantitative Research Study Overview Sheila E. Brooks Stanbridge College Introduction As we continue our discussion in comparing qualitative versus quantitative research, we now focus our attention on quantitative research. In my personal opinion, I feel that quantitative research is harder to understand but breaking the article into sections allows me to understand the basic concepts. This week we will examine and in discuss a quantitative research article. The name of the article is "First–time mothers: social support, maternal parental self–efficacy and postnatal depression" written by authors Leahy–Warren, McCarthy, Corcoran in 2011. First, I take a look at the abstract to get a general overview of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... However, there is little research that provides a clear definition of what is meant by social support (Leahy–Warren et el, 2009). In other words, there is no research which has measured the relationship between social support and maternal parental self–efficacy using a domain–specific instrument developed and supported by self–efficacy model and post–natal depression with first time mothers at six weeks post–delivery (Leahy–Warren et el, 2009) Maternal Parental Self Efficacy and Depression By now, some of you may be asking the same question that I had when I first started reading this article. What is meant by maternal parental self–efficacy and post–natal depression? It is important to understand these two definitions in order to understand the article. Maternal parental self–efficacy is a belief that a parent holds about themselves in terms of being able to care for and parent a child (Leahy–Warren et el, 2009). These includes the ability to plan, organize, and execute actions in order to produce the desire results with the belief that there is a strong correlation between the age of the mother and the number of children (Leah–Warren et el, 2009). I can't help to think about my own experience as a mother as I read this article. I am a single mother of six children and I can say that my confidence grew more as I ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 28. Quantitative And Qualitative Research In Nursing Quantitative and Qualitative Methods in Research Evidence–based practice is a crucial part of nursing. To reach the goal of evidence–based practice it all starts with first obtaining research. It is important to understand the different research models and be able to identify reliable research from unreliable. While qualitative and quantitative research models differ in many ways, they both play a critical part in obtaining evidence–based practice in nursing. The objective of this paper is to analyze qualitative and quantitative research models and how they relate to practical application. Research Methods Qualitative Research Qualitative research focuses on exploratory research that looks at personal opinions, motivations, and emotions behind the information gathered. Qualitative research helps give insight into understanding the deeper meaning and answering the why and how behind the research. When conducting qualitative research one must first decide on a sample selection, which means picking a target population, community, or study area to obtain information from. Qualitative data collection is usually left open–ended using methods such as interviews, observations, focus groups, case studies, and assessments to produce common themes during data analysis (Yates & Leggett, 2016). There are two different kinds of data analysis, inductive and deductive. "Inductive analysis involves discovering patterns, themes, and categories in one's data, whereas deductive analysis begins ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 29. Quantitative And Qualitative Research M Strengths and Weaknesses of Qualitative and Quantitative Research Approaches? Table of Contents 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................ 3 2 .Quantitative Research Approach................................................................................................ 3 2.1 Strengths..........................................................................................4 2.2 Weaknesses.......................................................................................4 3 .Qualitative Research Approach ................................................................................................. 5 2.1 Strengths..........................................................................................5 2.2 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... 2.1 Strengths: в– Testing and validating already constructed theories about how and why phenomena occur. в– Testing hypotheses that are constructed before the data are collected. в– Can generalize research findings when the data are based on random samples of sufficient size. в– Can generalize a research finding when it has been replicated on many different populations and subpopulations. в– Useful for obtaining data that allow quantitative predictions to be made. в– The researcher may construct a situation that eliminates the confounding influence of many variables, allowing one to more credibly establish cause–and–effect relationships. в– Data collection using some quantitative methods is relatively quick (e.g., telephone interviews). в– Provides precise, quantitative, numerical data. в– Data analysis is relatively less time consuming (using statistical software). в– The research results are relatively independent of the researcher (e.g., statistical significance). в– It may have higher credibility with many people in power (e.g., administrators, politicians, people who fund programs). в– It is useful for studying large numbers of people. 2.2 Weaknesses: в– The researcher's categories that are used might not reflect local constituencies' understandings. в– The researcher's theories that are used might not reflect local constituencies' understandings. в– The researcher might miss out on phenomena occurring because of the focus on theory or hypothesis testing
  • 30. ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 31. Qualitative Research And Quantitative Research Qualitative research and Quantitative research Qualitative research Defilation Qualitative research is a method used in different academic disciplines, generally in social science, but also in research and further contexts. Qualitative researchers aim to attain detailed understanding of human behavior rand the reasons that govern such behavior. The qualitative method investigates the why and how of decision making, not just what, where, when. Hence, smaller but focused mainly on samples are more often used than large samples. In the conventional view, qualitative methods produce information only on the particular cases studied, and any more general conclusions are only propositions (informed assertions). Quantitative methods can then be used to seek empirical support for such research hypotheses. Introduction There is a current dispute between qualitative and quantitative research methods. It is an international acuminous and there are elements of state–sponsored sp0rt in the west for a return to kind of neopositivist quantitative inquiry.(stronach 2006; 758) Qualitative research becoming more and more accepted in all world as a way of research. The reason behind is that, qualitative research give us a large general surface picture plus qualitative research give us in depth picture and both pictures are probably valuable as compare to hd documents. Qualitative researchers are caught in the middle of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 32. Qualitative And Quantitative Research Methods Qualitative and quantitative research methods are two alternative applications for research methods. Both are very different in how data is collected, what data is collected, and how data is measured. Both of these research methods are utilized amongst the major areas of psychology and the social sciences. This paper will provide a brief description of qualitative and quantitative methods, provide the differences between the two approaches along with the terminology used for both; I will also refer to my article of choice from week one and specify which research method is used in that particular study; and finally, I will determine whether that same research study is non–experimental or experimental. First off, how is qualitative and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... With this method, a phenomenon is explained without much emphasis on what caused the event to occur. This process examines a situation as it exists in its current state (Bhawna & Gobind, 2015, p. 49). Then there is experimental research. This method is the opposite of descriptive research. The goal here is to explain a phenomenon. Thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are described, and a causal statement is made (Newman, 2016). The experimental research employs the use of control groups and experimental groups; as well as independent and dependent variables. The control group is the baseline for the comparison while the experimental group serves to test the hypothesis (Newman, 2016). Independent variables are manipulated during an experiment, while the dependent variable is what is measured by the outcome of the independent variable (Newman, 2016). Then there is causal research. Bhawna and Gobind (2015) state, "In causal research, the researcher examines how the independent variables reflected by the dependent variables and involve cause and effect relationships between the variables (p. 50)." Qualitative and quantitative research methods are frequently used when conducting psychological research. However, each has a different objective and involve a different procedure. When an individual or researcher attempts to test their hypothesis, it is imperative that they know the difference in the two. Knowing the difference will help scientists ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 33. Qualitative And Quantitative Research Methods Qualitative research methods usually involve in depth interviews to discover view points on an issue. Unlike quantitative research, qualitative research does not involve statistical tests (Differences Between Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods). "Putting the 'patient' in patient safety: a qualitative study of consumer experiences" is a good qualitative research article for a nurse to critique. The research articles title clearly indicates the main objective of the study is to find out how consumers feel about safety regarding their experiences in the hospital. The abstract effectively summarizes the report giving information about the background, objectives, design, results, and conclusion. The analysis of the study followed an interpretive analytical approach. The introduction in the research article states the problem as having very little information on how patients and caregivers interpret the level of safety in their care during a hospital stay. The problem statement is significant for nursing and is a good problem to study to improve healthcare for the consumer. The research question is clearly stated as having two objectives. "The first is to identify overarching themes categorizing patient and family experiences of safety in the hospital; and the second is to contribute to theory of how consumers' experiences of safety influence their overall perceptions of the care they receive" (Rathert, Brandt, & Williams, 2011). The literature review ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 34. Comparing Quantitative and Qualitative Research COMPARING QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Social theory is a "system of interconnected ideas that condenses and organises the knowledge about the social world and explains how it works" (Neuman, 2006, p.8) and for many years scientists have gathered data using specialised techniques such as Quantative and Qualitative research to support or reject these theories. Quantitative research "generates numerical data or information that can be converted into numbers," (Experiment Resources, 2009, p.1) meaning only measurable data will be gathered and analysed in this type of research. Qualitative Research on the other hand "generates non–numerical data and focuses on gathering mainly verbal data rather than measurements" (Experiment ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Quantitative Research on the other hand focuses more on counting, classifying features and constructing statistical models and figures to explain what is observed (Experiment resources, 2009). Qualitative data cannot be mathematically analysed in the same comprehensive way as quantitative results and therefore can only give a guide to general trends. Quantative experiments if designed properly, rule out personal opinion and judgment, and provide results rather than observations that can be viewed as real and unbiased (Given, 2008). Quantative research also allows for replication, unlike qualitative research design, which is usually unique and cannot be exactly recreated. (Martyn Shuttleworth, 2008). Quantitative Research makes use of tools such as questionnaires, surveys and other equipment to collect numerical or measurable data and what will most likely appear in your discussion are tables containing data in the form of numbers and statistics (Experiment resources, 2009). Quantitative research design is also "an excellent way of finalising results and proving or disproving a hypothesis and because the structure has not changed for centuries, it is standard across many scientific fields and disciplines" (Martyn Shuttleworth, 2008). When comparing Quantative and Qualitative research methods, it is evident that there are limitations to both forms of research methodologies. ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 35. Compare Qualitative And Quantitative Research Qualitative researchers are interested in understanding the meaning people have constructed, that is, how people make sense of their world and experience they have in the world. (Merriam, 2009) They are also interested in researching using methods such as participant observation or case studies which result in a narrative, descriptive account of setting or practice. (Parkinson & Drislane, 2011) This above premises however limits the scope of quantitative research but a definition by Nkwi, Nyamongo, and Ryan 2001) which states that, qualitative research involves any research that uses data that do not indicate ordinal values". Furthermore, qualitative research involves collecting and working with text, images and sound. On the other hand, quantitative ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... How many males get a first–class degree at university compared to females? Since establishing the definition and approaches of both the qualitative and quantitative researches respectively let's take a look at their similarities. Quantitative and qualitative research methods are similar primarily because they are both methods of research that are limited by variables. Additionally, qualitative and quantitative research methods can be used to study the same phenomenon. However, qualitative research is most often used to study people, while quantitative research typically measures the frequency or total of something. Regardless, both methods are often capable of investigating the same hypothesis. For example, a qualitative study can gather information on the effectiveness of welfare policies by analyzing self–reported financial information from welfare recipients. On the other hand, quantitative research can be used to look at the financial situations of the same recipients by analyzing financial documents. Both studies analyze the same kind of information and investigate the same question. However, the information that is being analyzed is what is ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 36. Qualitative And Quantitative Research Methodology Methodology is a vital fraction of research. It is a systematic process where the value of research is dealt in methodology itself. Research methodology constitutes the core base and structure of the study through which data is collected and analyzed. Research methodology is based on research processes and the kind of tools and procedures to be used (Babbie, 2002). It indicates the general pattern of organizing the procedure for gathering reliable data for the research problem. Methodology is the philosophical framework within which the research is conducted or the foundation upon which the research is based (Brown, 2006) Research methodology is very important in research because it explains the entire process of the study. This chapter explicates the information concerning methods, approaches and design, the location where the purpose... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... In order to assess adolescent's awareness and attitude towards reproductive health quantitative and qualitative approach was used. A combination of these techniques was used so as to minimize subjectivity of judgment (Kealy and Protheroe, 1996), and also to give room for personal experiences of the participants. The use of the both these approaches could find flexibility in data collection and interpretation of the collected information. The most common, useful purposes and main aims of research were exploration, description and rational explanation based on data (Richardson, 2005; Babbie, 2007). In this study, quantitative research methodology was used to assess adolescents knowledge and attitude towards reproductive health and qualitative research was used to find out opinions and views through discussions about importance of reproductive health information, areas of reproductive health education and to determine a Social Work intervention programme to promote reproductive health awareness, to create adolescent friendly institutions and effective use of reproductive health ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 37. Qualitative Research On Quantitative Research The qualitative research method involves analysing data, such as words, pictures or objects. It is more subjective, and requires the researcher to interpret data in order to form thematic ideas. Quantitative research can gather a large amount of data that can be easily organised and manipulated into reports for analysis. It often includes one to one interview. It utilises open– ended questions. This means that the researcher has to interpret their findings. Moreover, in qualitative research is used to generate hypotheses and develop an understanding about a particular group that uses words and images rather that numbers. That being said, a qualitative research focuses on a smaller sample group to help find a deeper analysis of a topic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The third report, which I will briefly discuss, is called Understanding inequalities in London's life expectancy and healthy life expectancy. For example, the reports briefly mentioned about different the types of case studies, questionnaires, interviews, surveys and telephone screening. The first report that I found from SCIE aimed to find out systematic ways of conducting research about old people from all available evidence, minimising bias and assembling as complete as possible a picture of the knowledge available. In this report, the researchers used qualitative synthesis. For this matter, the researcher wanted to find out the importance of giving information and education is essentials and the effectiveness prior to discharge from hospital and continues when the older person returns home. The different kinds of studies that are required include qualitative accounts of the views of those receiving services, and descriptive and observational work on how interventions are put into practice (so–called 'process and implementation studies'). In the systematic review community, these are sometimes referred to as 'studies with diverse designs' and since such studies by definition use a variety of methods, they require different kinds of methods to synthesise their findings. (SCIE, 2006) This paper was based only on the responses ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 38. Qualitative And Quantitative Research In Nursing In order for a healthcare system to run effectively, research is essential when patents are involved. According to Jones (2016), research involves a structured, planned and logical approach to discovering new information, while aiming to extend understanding on a topic or problem area within the healthcare profession. To achieve this, research is divided into two methodologies, qualitative and quantitative.Qualitative research involves methods that are concerned with human perceptions and understanding of their social reality, adopted under complex research topics (Washer, Salloch, Ritter, Vollmann, Schildmann, 2017). These are usually adapted when the exploration topic involves patient experiences, perceptions, meanings, intentions and behaviours (Jones, 2016). Whereas quantitative approaches aim to produce and control social phenomena, through measurement, evaluation and generalisation of findings of a population and encouraging the reproduction of the results obtained. These studies are based around testing hypotheses utilising patients to achieve research goals in controlled environments (Park & Park, 2016). This paper will explore the features of qualitative and quantitative research through papers involving patients in order to highlight the differences in their features, via the aim, data collection methods and results obtained. The quantitative paper explores the effect of muscle energy technique and passive stretching on patients with functional disability with ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 39. qualitative and quantitative research methods Psychological Research Methods: Exploring Qualitative and Quantitative Research In psychology, answers to our questions are not as succinct as in other types of sciences, and the findings essentially depend upon the underlying epistemology used. This essay seeks to define and examine the fields of qualitative and quantitative research. It will address the different epistemologies and methodologies of each paradigm, and aim to give you a brief overview of the two main research methods underlying scientific knowledge. Qualitative research is often only defined in contrast to Quantitative research; That is, it does not involve statistics, nor does it depend on the level of objectivity that characterises the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Ponterotto (2005) further states that the aim of quantitative research is the prediction, and control of variables that can be expressed as mathematical formulas to determine functional relationships. These differing ontological approaches bring to pass differing methodological approaches. Methodology refers to the processes and procedures of the research. Research methods used include observation, interviews, focus groups, surveys, case studies, questionnaires and analysis of text (Ponterotto, 2005, p.132). Observational research is non–experimental research where a researcher observes ongoing behaviour. It can be unstructured, semi–structured, structured, participant or non–participant (Wellington& Szczerbinski, 2007, p.80). Some limitations to this type of research are language and cultural barriers as well as the risk of observer bias, with one of the advantages being that the researcher gains access to information they normally wouldn't have. Observation is typically used in qualitative research, but can be used in quantitative research prior to designing questionnaires (Wellington& Szczerbinski, 2007, p.80). As with observation, interviews and focus groups can be structured, semi–structured and unstructured, and can use photographs, notes, videos and tape recordings to improve data quality. Interviewing allows the researcher to guide and ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 40. Quantitative Research : The Purpose Of Nursing Research Purpose The overall purpose of nursing research is to answer questions or solve problems of significance to the nursing profession. The specific purpose of nursing research includes identification, explanation, investigation, clarification, prediction, and control (Polit & Beck, 2017). Inside each purpose, numerous types of questions are focused by nurse researchers; specific inquiries are more responsive to qualitative than to quantitative analysis and vice versa. Many qualitative studies concentrate on phenomena about which little is known. In some cases, so little is known that the phenomenon has yet to be clearly identified or named– or it has been inadequately defined or conceptualized. The comprehensive, exploratory nature of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Randomization of any experimental groups is vital to the quantitative approach, and a control group should be included, wherever possible (Polit & Beck, 2017). The aim is to prove cause and effect in relationships among variables under the experiment (Philip,2014). Quantitative research does not collect data before finalizing the research design. Qualitative researchers, by contrast, use an emergent design–a design that transpires during the course of data collection (Polit & Beck, 2017). Certain design features are guided by the study's qualitative tradition, but qualitative studies do not have a rigid structure that prohibits changes in the field. Thus, qualitative research frequently takes some form of naturalistic observation, such as organized interviews or ethnography. (Polit & Beck, 2017). Tools Quantitative researchers seek to collect high–quality data by using measuring instruments with demonstrated reliability and validity (Polit & Beck, 2017). Qualitative researchers, by contrast, are the primary data collection instrument and must take steps to ensure the trustworthiness of the data while in the field. The fundamental features of these efforts are to confirm that the findings accurately reflect the experiences and viewpoints of the participants, rather than the researchers' perceptions (Polit & Beck, 2017). For example, one confirmatory activity involves going back to participants and sharing preliminary ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 41. Quantitative Research In The Military The United States Military is one of Americas largest and long standing corporation to date, employing over a million members annually, deploying members all over the world, and managing millions of resources and thousands of skill sets daily. This essay will review quantitative research methods and tools. explore how the military has learned to apply them on a practical level and summarize their effectiveness within the military. In conclusion, a hypothesis on the future of quantitative research methods in the military and as a whole will be explored. INTRODUCTION: President George W. Bushonce said " Leadership to me means duty, honor, country. It means character, and it means listening from time to time" (Bush, G.W., date unknown). The United States Military is a force like no other and has been around since our colonial days in 1512 where militiamen would guard their homes and colonies, however, the Unites States Congress didn't officially create a "Military" until September 29,1789. The US Military is sometimes frustratingly slow to grasp new and useful concepts, due to the fact that they are seeped in "military traditions" . However in the 1990's, right about the time that quantitative research started gaining popularity, military leaders started to take periodic looks at how operations were going, how personnel felt about where the services are heading and how the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... In simple terms " Quantitative Research uses measurable data to formulate facts and uncover patterns in research." (Wyse, S. (2011)). There are multiple quantitative research tools that help the military to gauge where the service stands on a multitude of platforms. Collection methods include but are not limited to, online surveys, paper surveys, face–to–face interviews, telephone interviews, online polls and systematic observations (Wyse, S. ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...