Outline On Physical Geography

Outline On Physical Geography
Physical –
1. Description (What are some features you are noticing? What does it look like?)
Physical maps show governmental boundaries, but also show the physical features, terrain and landforms, such as mountains, deserts, lakes, rivers, and
forests. The map is shaded according to the landforms and type of terrain.
2. Purpose (What is it used for and who might use it–certain occupation, specific group etc?)
The purpose of physical maps is to illustrate the landforms and physical features. 3. Sample (Copy and paste a roughly 2–3 inch example of this type of
map here.)
4. Citation/s: http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/politphys.htm http://www.worldmapsonline.com/academia/murals
/academia_us_physical_map_wall_mural.htm
Political –
1. Description ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Description (What are some features you are noticing? What does it look like?)
The thematic map shows data for a specific subject and displays it on a map. The states or areas are shown in different colors and correspond to a
scale involving the data. 2. Purpose (What is it used for and who might use it–certain occupation, specific group etc?)
The maps not only show information, but also help people to understand the data by visualization. 3. Sample (Copy and paste a roughly 2–3 inch
example of this type of map here.)
4. List 3 kinds of thematic maps and explain how each differs from the other. a) chloropleth maps– use boundaries to display data b) dot maps – c)
graduated circle maps –
5. Citation/s: https://www.e–education.psu.edu/geog160/c3_p14.html http://www.ehow.com/info_8520789_3–types–thematic–maps.html
Mercator Projection–
1. Description: (What are some features you are noticing? What does it look like?)

2. Purpose (What is it used for and who might use it–certain occupation, specific group etc?))
3. Sample:
4.
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Information Age, All Share A Common Underlying Purpose
While there are a great variety of maps available in the information age, all share a common underlying purpose. The fourth edition of Elements of
Cartography concisely defines a map's objective as "to add to the geological understanding of the viewer; it is a carefully designed instrument for
recording, calculating, displaying, analyzing and, in general, understanding the interrelation of things in their spatial relationship" (Robinson et al.
1978). This is a truly holistic definition of a map, addressing not only geographical features but quite literally anything that can be displayed
spatially on Earth. An excellent example that fits this definition is the clichГ© map of Canada distributed to the class. This map would not fit a
more archaic definition, like G. R. Crone's assentation that "the purpose of a map is to graphically express the relations of points and features on
the Earth's surface to each other, determined by distance and direction" (1953). Yet, the clichГ©s do form a map. Indeed, a representation of things
in their spatial relationship to add to the geological understanding of the viewer is truly what a map is. These representations are invaluable in a
number of different ways. The second edition of Map Use describes seven key roles of a map: to "record and store information, serve as
computational aids, serve as mobility aids, summarize complex representations and voluminous data, help us explore data, help us visualize what
would be otherwise obscure, and

Similarities And Differences Between Two Life Maps
"Maps are projections"; they usually represent a whole or part of an area on a flat surface. Maps describe the relationship between the space and the
specific features that the map aims to signify. Mapmakers according to Klinghoffer, "superimposes his own vision upon the world" and show their
interests and proclivities in culture and politics while drawing their maps. In this essay, I will be describing and explaining the similarities and
differences between 2 life maps. The first map shows the important spaces and objects, peoples and places in my life; the other map shows the same
thing but in my schoolmate life.
The similarities between our maps are few, for example we both included our homes and they took the same amount of space, also they are the biggest
objects on our maps, because it symbolize our ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The differences between our maps is defiantly noticeable, starting from the overall colors of the maps, were you can see that I drew a street and
several buildings that took a big part of the map, that's why dark colors like black and brown were dominating the map, while her map was more
colorful, because she added some natural attractions. In terms of locations, according to Klinghoffer, "when a child draw a map of his
neighborhood, he egocentrically tends to place his own home near its center", and that's what I saw in her map, where she located her home at the
bottom center, while my home is at the bottom left, the reason why is it on the left side, it is because in reality it is on the left the side of my
neighborhood. The distance between her house and Zayed University is small, since she lives in Mohamed bin Zayed city, which is near to Zayed
University, and since I live in new Shahama, my map showed a clear big distance between my house and the university. Another difference is that she
included

A & M University Memo
Date: June 29, 2015
To:Professor Amanda Renee Rico Texas A&M Professor English 210:192– Technical Business Writing
From: Alexander N. Hotze, Texas A&M Student
Subject: Recommendation Report for the Campus Maps System at Texas A&MUniversity
Following this letter you will find an attached report for my study, "Examining and Updating the Campus Map System at Texas A&M University: A
Recommendation Report." Working diligently over the past two weeks, I have completed all six tasks listed in my previous proposal, which was
submitted on June 14, 2015. Following the task areas I set for this report, I was able to come to a firm understanding of the usage of our current
system, observe and evaluate areas of strength and weakness, communicate with current or potential users, and develop an understanding of the
processes and means of creating a new system.
In an effort to be as thorough as possible, I conducted my own research that consists of both primary and secondary sources. I reviewed ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
While interviewing many members of the Texas A&M community it was discovered that there is a strong desire from the younger students when it
comes to providing a more interactive service. However, there was a sort of indifference from the older students as they saw the need for the
application but as they already know the campus well after a few years, they seemed less enthusiastic regarding the idea of a new system. Additionally,
it was discovered that there is some serious additional start up cost for the creation of a new system that would be compatible on both computers and
smart phones nonetheless, it seems like a necessary expense when it comes to keeping up with the changing times in this

Ap Human Geography Essay
Human geography is the study of spatial characteristics of humans and human activities.
Cartographers use maps in order to display human geography and all of the characteristics behind it. Many people rely on maps on a day to day basis.
These visual aids are used for reference tools, communication tools, and data. Cartographers are precise with the information displayed in order to refer
/communicate data accurately. A thematicmap is a map that communicates this data. Thematic maps can be broken down into subparts: dot
distribution, proportional symbol, isoline, cartogram, and choropleth. To focus in on a specific map, a choropleth uses color to represent data. This
type of map is shown through the Indian Literacy
Rate Map. This choropleth map shows the geographic spread of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The percentages of literacy rates are made visual by various colors. The map uses warm tone shades that are appealing/attractive to the eye and
distinctive from one another.
The percentage rates below forty are represented with a dark shade of orange. The map then transitions into different oranges, yellows, and greens
to show the increase in rates. A darker green shade represents places in India that have the highest literacy rates. The cartographer of this choropleth
map chose to exclude symbols purposefully. This is known as data classification. Data classification; how the map is divided according to data in
order to change the message. The map shows a message of how literacy is shaping people's lives with the rising use of human technology. The scale
of a map is what makes this information definite. A scale is a ratio between the size of an area on the map and the actual size of the area on earth. This
map measures approximately one–hundred miles per centimeter. Also, the map shows one–hundred kilometers per one–half of a centimeter. To a
relative extent, India is divided into northern, central, eastern, north eastern, western and southern regions. By using this map,

Changing Cartograhies
Changing Cartographies
Introduction According to Silver and Balmori (2003 48) "Cartography, a term derived from the word for chart (charte) or drawing, has in recent
years undergone a radical transformation." This was identified earlier as Anson (1988 ix) noted "Today the art and science of map making is caught
in the throes of a technological revolution which shows no signs of slowing down." However, advancements in mapping have been associated with
scientific developments in mainly the computer and internet technologies. Prior to this, mapping had been quite primitive in a sense as Wikipedia
(2012) states that cartograms were created by hand before Waldo Tobler produced one of the first cartograms aided by computer visualization. During...
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Cartograms, according to Wikipedia (2012) are "maps in which some thematic mapping variable...is substituted for land area or distance. The geometry
or space of the map is distorted in order to convey the information of this alternate variable." Computers alleviate the difficulties of cartogram
construction "Constructing a usable cartogram is challenging" (Peterson, 2004) but fortunately "computers are changing mapping in many ways"
(Monmonier, 1982 16). This is echoed by Krygier and Wood (2005 14) who point out "changes in technology have always affected map making."
2
Computers "can increase the value of the map as a decision–making tool" and "different goals produce different maps" (Krygier and Wood, 2005 1).
They go on to say that "the computer is fast and precise, and has a useful role to play in the production of maps." Computers and their software are
the catalyst for map production. Maps are vital in development in the form of an important decisionmaking tool but without computers, cartograms
could not have facilitated a rapid growth in cities after the Second World War. Gregory and Ell (2007 105) state that producing cartograms were a
lengthy task for a cartographer and many subjective judgements (in relation to distances, positions and areas of features) had to be made. They go on
to say that "The advent of computer mapping through GIS has led to the reawakening of interest in

What Can Maps Tell Us About Spatial Changes Over Time
What can maps tell us about spatial changes over time? Historical maps can help us better understand the changes we have made overtime to the
landscape and possibly, how to better manage these changes sustainably. Topographical maps can help us envision the changes to the mountains and
hills that we have made and the interactions we have had with our lithosphere and possibly how to better interact with it.
What information can maps provide about the places in which we live/ study/ work? Maps can provide information about the places in which we live,
study and work due to the representations that are being made by the author. These places in particular are dependent on the human experiences that are
being had in them and the meaning behind how it's being represented. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Maps are extremely important for studying the environment because of their significance with time. They can help explain weather patterns such as
water and sun cycles as well understand how these impact upon our environment. Maps can help us understand how earth's resources are divided
amongst space and how these can be better managed. Finally, maps can help us understand the places we live in with regards to the physical features
which can help us function more effectively.
How does scale influence the information and interpretations we can draw from maps? Map scale has a major influence on the interpretations being
made from maps as the level of detail is important. Different scale sized maps have different purposes and can be interpreted differently. For example
a small scale map is useful in studying weather patterns and not travel planning. Whereas a large scale map may be useful for landscape changes in a

The Chooropleth Map In Modern Society
The choropleth map is the most prevalent thematic map in modern society. Understanding a choropleth is an undemanding process, making it a viable
option for a broader audience. They're popularity stems from the fact that much of our data is reported by predefined areal units, such as census data,
and so we are accustomed to thinking of the world as divided into spatial units like census tracts and counties. The choropleth map pictured above,
serves the purpose of promulgating the rate of heart disease–related deaths across the United States. Choropleth maps are fairly easy to use and spatial
information is most clearly conveyed through the use of these maps; however, they can be inaccurate and can promote prejudices. The cartographer of

Snap Map Analysis
Introduction Snapchat defines "Snap Map" as a feature where you and your friends can share your locations with one another, and take a peek into
the lives of others around you. While this feature is extremely convenient to let all of your friends know of your whereabouts, what if it isn't just your
friends who have access to your exact location? What about medical devices such as pacemakers that can indirectly provide medical examiners the
intensity of activities you were performing at a specific time? Can this information ever be forcibly used against you? In the case of pacemakers, it was
for one patient, Ross Compton, who was accused of arson because of statistical evidence on his pacemaker that contradicted his testimony (Wootson).
With... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, in Fitbits, users are easily able to access their health data, such as number of steps taken, number of calories burned, etc. In comparison,
for pacemakers, patients are often not allowed to access their data at all, thereby restricting access of personal data to just medical professionals and
data collectors. When considering that the user in question cannot access their own private data, regulations are imperative in preventing such data
from reaching the wrong hands. In this field, medical devices use encryption to deter hackers or other unwanted visitors from accessing sensitive data
(Eramo), but as seen from Mark Gasson, it is not guaranteed to work. By infecting an RFID chip in his hand with a virus, Gasson determined that the
virus located in his hand was able to infect external systems (Cellan–Jones). Although medical devices proclaim to be secure, the risk of a virus from
another piece of technology infecting these devices is high, with extremely serious consequences. It is imperative to continue pressing for answers
regarding the secureness of medical devices and push for more knowledge regarding third party servers that may use medical data for reasons other than

K-Maps
Question 12 / 2 points Looping on a K–map always results in the elimination of: variables within the loop that appear only in their uncomplemented
form. variables that remain unchanged within the loop. Correct Responsevariables within the loop that appear in both complemented and
uncomplemented form. variables within the loop that appear only in their complemented form. Question 22 / 2 points In a K–Map the number of
squares in a cover (loop) is allways a power of two. Correct ResponseTrue False Question 32 / 2 points What theorem is used when two terms in
adjacent squares are combined? Correct ResponseUniting Elimination Multiplying and factoring Consensus Question 40 / 2... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
What is true about the expression of f given in the figure? a) The given expression of f represents the minimum solution. b) An expression of f in
product–of–sums that gives the minimu cost for f exits and is equivalent in cost to the minimum solution in sum–of–products. c) Both options a) and b
are true Incorrect Responsed) The given expression for f does not follow the covers (loops) shown in the K–map. Correct Answere) None of the above
is true Question 113 / 3 points The figure above shows the corresponding K–Map of the function F(X1,X2,X3). What is the expression corresponding
to the minimum cost of F? X1'X2'X3'+X1'X2X3'+X1X2'X3+X1X2X3 X1'X2'+X1X3 X1'X3'+X1X2 Correct ResponseNone of the above Question 120
/ 3 points The figure above shows the K–map of a four variable f(A,B,C,D). What is true about f? Incorrect ResponseOnly a sum–of–products
expression gives the minimum solution. Only product–of–sums expression gives the minimum solution. Correct AnswerEither a sum–of–products or a
product– of–sums gives minimum cost expression. A minimum solution for F will have at least three terms with three literlas. Question 130 / 3 points
In the K–Map of the figure above, which of the following is

Google Analysis : Google Map
Google Maps
Google Map was the result of a project found in 1995 by two brothers attending Stanford University. The name Google came from the misspelling of a
mathematical term googol. The name Google is incorporated in each app that Google creates. Google map started out as Where 2 Technologies and
Keyhole, which later was renamed to Google Maps and Google Earth. Jeff Mallett, the CEO of Yahoo became the CEO of Google until 2001 when he
was replaced by Eric Schonidt and had a profitable year ending with an income of 6.985 million.
Google maps started out as a desktop web service developed by Google. This service offered multiple services and direction, whether in a car, bus, or
other means of transportation. The desktop service was designed by two brothers, Lars and Jens Eilstrup Rasmussen. Later in 2004 this service was
acquired by Google. Google map featuring GPS turn–by–turn navigation and determined to be the world most popular app for smartphones was
released in 2008. However by 2013 the redesigned version of the desktop application was made available. Using the Google map to navigate here
and there, Google was focused on the users and finding other options of providing new technology and solutions for mobile services. Since Google
software was not available to other companies, Google used the software called "web crawlers" to gain an edge. The purpose of this web page was to
go from link to link and collect useful data from multiple web pages and return to the data

Book Review Of Mind Maps For Kids By Tony Buzan
Review of Mind Maps for Kids: An Introduction by Tony Buzan Since 1974, Tony Buzan, a psychology author and educational consultant, has been
developing and promoting the concept of using diagram which representing ideas in colorful branches, keywords, and images. Mind Maps for Kids:
An Introduction, first published in 2003, is his first book written especially for younger readers aged 7 to 14 years old. Despite writing the book as a
guide for parents to help their children, Buzan writes this colorful work book with step–by–step guidelines and examples for children to use the book
by themselves for learning school subjects, remembering things, and unlocking imaginations. Buzan introduces the concept of Mind Maps in the first
chapter of the book. Starting with the concept of left and right brain in simple... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Buzan also shows that they can create a future planning with Mind Maps in "Your Dream Shop" section. In the end of the book, Buzan emphasizes
to the readers that they can apply the Mind Maps anytime, anywhere, for everything. He also encourages the readers to share their Mind Maps and
the stories of their success with him: a way to motivate children to explore the ideas in their minds and be as creative as they can. Mind Maps for
Kids: An Introduction is a simply useful book for students. The easy language Buzan provides in the book makes it easier for young readers to
understand his explanation. The colorful pictures attracts them to take interest in the contents. A 10–year–old child will likely find this book
interesting, not only for the pictures, but also the "motivational words" Buzan uses to encourage the young readers. For children who have lack of
self–confidence, this book is an enjoyable self–helper as it shows that every person can do something great if they use this "magic

All Maps Distorts Reality?
Mohamed Jalloh
GEO–1010
Prof. Bachmann
October 9, 2016
All Maps distorts reality
Human beings have always been fascinated by exploring the earth, and that fascination led people to design ways in exploring the world. Explorers
faced difficulties in understanding how to navigate around this complex world. Greek explorers tried to ease that distress by deriving the concepts of
mapping places and movements as they tried to expand their empire. By 300 B.C. Cartography, which can be defined as the art and science of making
maps, began to gain pace among explorers, traders, and militaries. Maps were used for strategic and tactical war purposes to conquer new lands and
expansion of empires. Moreover, maps are great because they engineer a sense of discovery which shows the visible beauty our planet that can be
captured in fine cartographic mapping. When the captured cartographic detail has fueled further the insights of humanity from political, movement, and
commerce. This new insight has shaped the world and powered civilizations with simulated realities that can be valuable. Additionally, maps add vital
context to patterns and creating conversations about those patterns. For example, the soda consumption map clearly defines the context of how soda is
called in certain location that will raise the conversation among consumers as to what name is popular. Despite maps simplifying complex patterns and
adding vital context to those realities; maps do distort realities. The reasons

The Usefulness of YAH Maps
1Discussions
It was also difficult to isolate the effect of YAH maps in way finding, since personal characteristic, past experience of using YAH maps, educational
background and familiarity with the building might have influence the results. Therefore, the participant answered some question related to these
factors. There is opportunity to extend the current study by examining the questions outlined above, although this is beyond the scope of this
investigation.
1.1Discussion– experiment one: How useful are YAH maps in solving a spatial task?
Using YAH maps in solving the way finding task could improve thetime performance of completing and estimating the task. By looking at YAHmap
participates could get at least an idea where they should go and which way they should follow. Moreover they could choose the shortest path based on
the map .The result of this study shows that the average time for completing task from source to destination for Group A which could use YAH map
are less than Group B (Table 4). However, the difference is not too much. Additionally, YAH maps are useful for choosing the path and estimating the
time. Based on our results, participants in group A predict the time that they need for completing the task more precisely compare to group B (Table5).
Choosing the path to destination based on YAH map could shows the usefulness of YAH maps. People who choose the path based on YAH maps
information spend less time compare to other. In this study, the entrance

Karnaugh Map
Karnaugh map
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search | This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please
help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations where appropriate. (June 2010)|
For former radio station KMAP (1962–1968) in Dallas–Fort Worth, see KRLD–FM.
An example Karnaugh map
The Karnaugh map (K–map for short), Maurice Karnaugh's 1953 refinement of Edward Veitch's 1952 Veitch diagram, is a method to simplify Boolean
algebra expressions. The Karnaugh map reduces the need for extensive calculations by taking advantage of humans' pattern–recognition capability,
permitting the rapid identification and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Perhaps the hardest–to–visualize wrap–around term is which covers the four corners–this covers minterms 0, 2, 8, 10.
[edit] Solution
Once the Karnaugh Map has been constructed and the groups derived, the solution can be found by eliminating extra variables within groups using the
axioms of boolean algebra. It can be implied that rather than eliminating the variables that change within a grouping, the minimal function can be
derived by noting which variables stay the same.
For the Red grouping: * The variable A maintains the same state (1) in the whole encircling, therefore it should be included in the term for the red
encircling. * Variable B does not maintain the same state (it shifts from 1 to 0), and should therefore be excluded. * C does not change: it is always 0.
Because C is 0, it has to be negated before it is included (thus, ). * D changes, so it is excluded as well.
Thus the first term in the Boolean sum–of–products expression is
For the Green grouping we see that A and B maintain the same state, but C and D change. B is 0 and has to be negated before it can be included. Thus
the second term is
In the same way, the Blue grouping gives the term
The solutions of each grouping are combined into:
[edit] Inverse
The inverse of a function is solved in the same way by grouping the 0s instead.
The three terms to cover the inverse are all shown with grey boxes with different colored borders: * brown– * gold– *

Map Analysis on Education Center in McNabs Island Essays
The main function of these maps is identifying the area that is suitable for building an education center on McNabs Island. I divided my analysis
maps into three parts which are slope and geology, environment and cultural sites, and microclimate. For the slope and geology map, I combined the
slope, bedrock and surficial geology together because I think all of them can majorly determine and describe the topography. Bedrock and surficial
geology are the materials that are under the ground. They might form different topography by the geological action including weathering and eroding
processes. Also, the slopes can decide whether the land is a plain or a hill. Furthermore, I think slope and geology can risk of the environmental hazards
like ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I think it can be the next consideration to think about the land development because human comfort is important for people to live. For my final
synthesis map, I just combined all of the information from the analysis map except the bedrock geology to show where the best place on McNabs
to build the education center is. The reason that I do not add the bedrock geology because I think the education center would not be a skyscraper,
and it might only have four or five floors' height. So, the foundation might not touch or influence the bedrock. In addition, I add viewing location
to my synthesis map. The reason is that I think the education center is the place to educate and to visit the island. So, a good viewing location is
necessary. From the synthesis map, you can see there are some suitable to unsuitable places for the land development. Overall, there is
approximately 70 percent of the land suitable for development with caution. For example, people should consider what kind of slope it is like the
steeper slope always has a high risk of mudslides, and what kind of surficial material it is like tills are more stable than coastal sediments. Moreover,
there is over 20 percent are suitable for development. Most of them occur around the coast. The reason is the coast has unstable materials that is risky
to do the construction. Also, the coastal area are risky

Disadvantages Of Mind Maps
1)Mind Map – A mind map is an outline used to visually sort out data. A mind map is mostly made around a single theory, drawn as a picture in the
focal point of a clear scene page, to which related representations of plans. Mind maps might be drawn by hand, either as "harsh notes" throughout an
address, gathering or arranging session, for instance, or as higher quality pictures when more of a chance is accessible. Mind mapping is a
straightforward strategy for attracting data charts, as opposed to keeping in touch with it in sentences. The charts dependably take the same essential
organization of a tree, with a single beginning stage in the center that splits out, and divide over and over to get the complicated data. The tree is made
up of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the meantime, it stimulates he right mind by urging you to utilize shades and pictures. Disadvantages: –Lack of non linear associations. Numerous
duplicates of the same documents consume up space yet you require certain records in various catalogs. Therefore we have typical connections. Mind
maps need such limit. As of now they have a tendency to depend on labels, names, necessity colors and so on. Each of which overlook what's really
important of the visual representation of data to some degree. I would not have any desire to be without labels and so forth however on their own they
are inquisitively inadequate for separating information in a guide. –Not able to make weighted associations. The capability to allocate quality or
imperativeness to things in courses other than their progressive position is not a typical characteristic of brain maps. Clearly you can style your
ways and hubs to speak to the quality or significance of an association however this has no backend esteem so to talk. I would love having away from
public view properties material to components in maps. One of which would absolutely be

Disadvantages Of Map Reduce
Map Reduce
Introduction:
MapReduce is a simple and powerful programming model which enables development of scalable parallel applications to process large amount of
data which is scattered on a cluster of machines. The original implementations of Map Reduce framework had some limitations which have been faced
by many research follow up work after its introduction. It is gaining a lot of attraction in both research and industrial community as it has the capacity
of processing large data. Map reduce framework used in different applications and for different purposes.
Reason Behind Development of Map Reduce:
IT giant companies faced the problem of analysing huge sets of data (order of petabytes) E.g. PageRank, web access logs, etc. Algorithm to ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is compared with "filtering then group by aggregation" query processing in a DBMS.
It is simple and easy to use – the MapReduce model is simple but expressive. With MapReduce,a programmer defines job with only Map and Reduce
functions, without to web pages to satellite imagery) and latency requirements (from backend bulk processing to real–time data serving).
Independent of the storage – MapReduce is basically independent from underlying storage layers. It can work on Big Table and others. Many projects at
Google store data in Big Table which have different demands from Bigtable, in terms of data size.Bigtable has successfully provided a flexible,
high–performance solution for all of these Google products such as Google Earth, Google Finance.
Fault Tolerance– MapReduce is highly fault tolerant, continues working in spite of failures per analysis job at Google.
Map Reduce is not suitable for:
Real–time processing.
It's not always very easy to implement each and everything as a MapReduce program.
No high–level language – it does not support any high level language like SQL in DBMS and any query optimization

The Origins, History, Value, and Future of Cartography
THE ORIGINS, HISTORY, VALUE AND FUTURE OF CARTOGRAPHY
Introduction
Cartography has existed for thousands of years. From the early days of tribes marking off where their best hunting grounds are, to the modern day
of mapping flight paths, cartography has evolved and developed in various ways to what it is today. There are now technologies that allow for
people to design maps in ways never imagined before. Computer programmes exist that allow for different types of data to be stored so that accurate
representations can be formed. It has been said that,"Maps are pictures of the world's land surface, showing its features, resources and the way it has
been developed." (Bondi, et al., 1977)
Origins and History
The beginnings of Cartography
It has been said that Cartography originated thousands of years ago. Wall paintings believed to represent a maps of the heavens exist all around the
world. The oldest maps that have been preserved on Babylonian clay tablets are from around 2300 B.C. Cartography as a whole was dominant in
Greece as the subject was more advanced than other locations and so the spherical Earth was well known amongst Greek philosophers. (Aber, 2008).
The reference–line principle was created by one of Aristotle's disciples. Dichaearchus was this disciple's name and he obtained this theory by placing
an orientation line that ran from east to west. (Fuechsel, 2013)
The Roman Era is the next part of history where Cartography was involved in. Maps in this time

Difference Between Racial Doubt And Relativism
вќ–Key term :
вќ–Mental map– is an individual's perception of the surrounding and locations which builds up a geographical world in our head. Mental map are
different between each individuals, since each person interpret the world and surrounding differently, arguments can rise, since one person's visual of
the " right" map might conflicts with another's individual's visual of the "right" map.
вќ–paradox of cartography: A perfect map doesn't exist, even if it does, it's useless. The reason why a perfect map doesn't exist is due to that useful
maps need to be imperfect, so that the map won't update as quick as a perfect map.
вќ–Confirmation Bias : has the tendency to find informations that can support and confirm an individual's believes, but ignores anything that question
or contradicts the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All perspectives should be treated equally, since there is no right or wrong
Both racial doubt and relativism tells us that we can't be certain about our current knowledge, there is no right and wrong and we can't be 100% sure of
what we know is the truth. The difference between racial doubt and relativism is that racial doubt talk about the certainty of our current knowledge,
while relativism tells us that there is no absolute truth on earth.
Advantage :
в—ЏRacial doubt: The reality might be completely different from what you expected, this allows you to rethink your current knowledge
в—ЏRelativism: Everyone's opinion are being treated equally, there is no right or wrong
Disadvantage:
в—ЏRacial doubt: you have no clue if any of the current knowledge that you have is correct or reliable, you will start doubting everything you
encounter.
в—ЏRelativism: It's hard to come up with a conclusion, knowing that there is no right answer
вќ–what is the rule of judgement in trying to understand the world ? Why do we need

Comparing The Mercator And The Goode's Projection
Laura Hebert argues the maps have to distort reality because it is hard to represent our sphere planet onto a flat surface like a map. This shows it's not
possible to perfectly represent the Earth because the Earth is a three–dimensional object yet, maps show the Earth on a two–dimensional surface.
List and describe some of the different types of map projections that the article describes, and what each is meant to show the viewer.
There are four map projections in Article Two. There is the Mercator, the Peters, the Robinson, and the Goode's Projections. First, The Mercator map
changes the actual size of the land to create a straight line between two points. It provides an efficient way for navigators to sail the seas. Second, the
Peters Projection shows a correct representation of the sizes of land mass. The shapes of the countries are out of proportion since the top and bottom
of the map is stretched horizontally and the middle of the map is stretched vertically. Thus, attempting to replace the Mercator map by having a more
accurate way of showing how we see the Earth. Next, the Robinson Projection shows how it achieves accuracy in shape, area, distance, and direction
but, it isn't absolutely correct in a certain category. Lastly, the Goode's Projection is similar to the Robinson Projection since, the map maker tried to
include accuracy in all four domains but, it is not totally correct in every single domain. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Laura Hebert supports her argument by stating mapmakers can alternate how the world appears by displaying Earth differently. This shows someone's
point of view of Earth can change. The author also mentions the appearance of a map can be wrong without anyone noticing since; there isn't a map
that perfectly represents Earth in size, shape, direction, and distance.

Why Do We Trust Google Maps Of Give Us The Best Route?
Why do we trust Google Maps to give us the best route?
Google Maps provides an interesting example of a complex optimization application that the user understood easily and implemented without requiring
optimization expertise.
The user simply provides an origin and destination before requesting an optimal route. Google Maps identifies this optimal route based on the fastest
travel times, up–to–date traffic and road closure information, and user define constraints (e.g. avoid highways and tolls). Google displays the result
without revealing details of their sophisticated data collection, model representation, and optimization routine. At this point and at various points during
their route, the user makes a choice either to follow the path that Google suggests or to use their favorite shortcut.
So, what make the user follow the suggested path instead of their established shortcut? Presumably, the user is motivated by a desire to get to their
destination as quickly as possible. The burden is on Google to establish that their route is the fastest. Google Maps is able to accomplish this in a
number of ways. Below, I have listed several ways that we could translate to our problem
1)Displaying relevant route information. Google Maps puts a large amount of data at the user's fingertips: road maps, accidents, road closures, travel
distances, and alternative solutions. The current traffic conditions are reported and historic conditions are available

Why Does Baudrillard Discuss Borges's Map?
1.)Why does Baudrillard discuss Borges's map?
Borges's map was meant to represent the worlds insistence to recreate the things that we see in exact detail, yet he uses the tale to point out the fact that
todays society has redefined images and objects thanks to mass media, confusing reality with that of the representation. He states that "the map
precedes the territory" which I take to mean that the medium precedes the message. More so, that the copy of an image, the representation, precedes
the actual object. The creation of the copy has been created on such a minute and "genetic" level its hard to decipher from actual reality especially
since we have nothing to measure reality against so it doesn't have to be rational.*** (119)
2.)What is simulation, based on the anecdote of the map?
Simulation is the creation of a real without having to be real in any way.** In terms of the map, the real are the pieces of the map that are disappearing
and decaying while simulation, the ....., is taking its place.
3.)What is the difference between representation, simulation, and dissimulation?
Simulation is the representation or imitation of the real, pretending to have something that is missing or lacked. Baudrillard uses the example of
someone pretending to be sick. If they were to simulate that illness, they would ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With studies arising on the affects of media on the mind and social perceptions, it is known that media does have a strong effect on the way we see
the world and ourselves. The creation of the proper body image, the cool cars, or the socially accepted places to go are all generated and not based
on reality. I don't believe that all things have lost their touch with reality, but I do however believe that we, as a society, have compiled perceptions of
things, like different people and their lifestyles, places and their

Sample Strategy Maps
Sample Strategy Maps
Best Practice Strategy Maps
Software Company Strategy Map
Financial Perspective
Leader in Strategic Markets
Increased Shareholder Value
Diversify Revenue Streams
Predictable Profitability
"Customer Intimacy"
"eBusiness Solution Leadership" Flexible, Innovative Solutions One Stop Accountability Deliver Comprehensive Solutions
"Operational Excellence" Consistently Meets Expectations
Customer Perspective
Lifelong Advisor
Proactively Deliver Value
Easy to do business with

Internal Perspective
Build Lifelong Relationships
Capture and Leverage Knowledge Solutions
Grow InterEnterprise Solutions
Improve Resource Allocation
WellManaged
Leverage 3rd Party Relationships ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Through Transportation Investment
Develop & Apply New Transportation Technology
Focus on CostEffective Solutions
Optimize Uptime and Availability
Optimize Planning of Site, Construction, and Operations
Understand Transportation Needs
Improve Safety
Learning & Growth Perspective
Highly Skilled Workforce
Empower Front–Line Employees to Deliver Customer Service
Integrated Knowledge Management Infrastructure

©2010 Palladium Group, Inc.
п‚„ 6
Federal Government Printing – Communication Strategy Map
The vision is to be the recognized leader in document automation and the customer–preferred provider of best value for automated digital and hardcopy
document products and services.
Maximize Positive NOR F0
Financial
Management Excellence Recover Our Costs F1
CRM Increase market share of existing customers F2
Innovative Solutions and New Business Develop recurring, growth revenue streams F3
Customer
Provide the best

Analysis Of Julie Mehretu 's Paintings
Julie Mehretu's paintings are loosely termed history paintings by Douglas Fogle and called psychogeographies by the artist herself. A viewer is
supposed to find something in themselves much like exploring a city and figuring things out for one's own self–interest. Mehretu is quoted as saying
"my aim is to have a picture that appears one way from a distance–almost like a cosmology, city, or universe from afar– but then when you approach
the work, the overall image shatters into numerous other pictures, stories, and events. Historically drawing is seen as inferior to painting which makes it
interesting that Julie Mehretu would employ so much drawing into her canvases because drawing is important to architectural drawings. How does
the mapping nature of Julie Mehretu's paintings convey a sense of identity in a very political nature and how is it a representation of the post
colonialist world in which we inhabit? Scholars all seem to agree that Mehretu's canvases are maps, but what do they seek to accomplish? My
analysis of Mehretu's Stadia III will use a biographical and post colonialist methodology to explore the ways in which Mehretu's own upbringing and
how the very nature of her map making, though very artificial, can be seen as a way of both bringing us together and giving those groups that have
previously been neglected throughout history a voice.
John B. Ravenal, the curator for the Modern and Contemporary Art collection at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (VMFA),

Joan Vinckeboon Myth
A 1650 map, created by Joan Vinckeboon, titled " Map of California Shown as an Island," echoes the inaccurate belief of cartographers, whose early
maps depicted California as an island, separate from mainland North America. The Dutch cartographer and engraver Vinckeboon was born into a
Flemish family of artists and started out drawing for his father. About 1640, he started creating maps, and later was employed by the Dutch West India
Company, where he spent roughly three decades creating maps that aided Dutch mercantile and military shipping. He was associated with the notable
map and atlas publisher Joan Blaeu, and so, Vinckeboon is credited with compiling a series of 200 manuscript maps that were published in atlases,
including Blaeu's Atlas Major.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But, how did the idea of California as an island came to be? It is said that a Spanish writer, Garci Rodriguez de Montalvo, in his 1510 romance novel,
Las Sergas de Esplandian, describes "an island called California very close to the side of the Terrestrial Paradise; and it is peopled by black women,
without any man among them, for they live in the manner of Amazons." Along the way, early explorers who ventured up the Gulf of California,
mistook the Baja California peninsula for an island. This misconception continued through the 17th and 18th

Digital Changes: Google Maps
Digital Changes: Google Maps
Growing up in an age where technology is flourishing I have witnessed huge changes in technology and digital media. One of these technologies that
have made a huge impact on my life is Google Maps. Google maps is not only easy to use but also free technology that has made driving and finding
locations much easier in modern day society for many individuals. Google maps can be accessed on numerous devices like your computer, iPad, and
even your phone. Personally, living in such a populated city and being new to the Orlando area, I depend heavily on Google maps to help me figure out
where I am going in a timely matter. Without Google Maps, I probably would be extremely lost more often then not when traveling to more distant
places in Orlando because it is such a large city.
Google maps benefits my life by making it so I am not late when I am going places. Sometimes I volunteer on the other side of Orlando and need to
figure out the fastest route to get there and Google maps, with its traffic feature, has saved me the headache of figuring out when I should leave to
avoid being late. My current volunteering position is working with animals and I like to be able to give the animals as much attention as possible
and Google Maps allows me to get there in time to hang out with all of my animal friends who need love and affection. Not only has the traffic feature
saved me from being late but it also provides alternative routes that saves

The Influence Of Distort Reality On World Maps
1. The author Laura Hebert argues that maps must distort reality on world maps in order to be accurate about the world all over. Hebert states,
"projections sacrifice absolute accuracy in any particular domain in order to be relatively accurate in all domains." Projections including Mercator, the
Peters, the Robinson, and the Goode's, all have their strong points however each projection doesn't work to perfect one particular area of maps. For
example, instead of working to perfect navigation, projections may sacrifice the accuracy of navigation to achieve overall accuracy on maps. In other
words, maps must distort reality to show us the greater truth.
2. Map projections are methods for representing the surface of the earth and it's shape. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The American Diet: Fast food has altered American diet as the author states, "three hamburgers and four orders of french fries every week", is what a
typical American consumes. Fast food is now consumed at any place, including schools, zoos, stadiums, airports, you name it. In fact, eating fast food
has fit in so well to the routines of typical Americans that walking into the same restaurant everyday, probably even more than once, no longer passes as
a disturbing thought. The McDonald's Corporation is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants that serves around 68 million customers daily.
This means that more than half a billion people walk into McDonald's everyday to eat their meal of the day. Whether people notice it or not, the
American Diet has irrevocably changed. The Paleolithic diet consisted of foods such as meat, nuts and berries. All foods of that time were
unprocessed and organic as ever. Today, however, the American diet adopts the exact opposite foods than those of the Paleolithic diet. Every meal
served at a fast food restaurant is processed and unhealthy to the point of killing. And it isn't only the cooking process that makes these foods unhealthy
but also the canned manufacturing process that takes place before the food even reaches the restaurant. There is no doubt that the American Diet is
warped as it no longer assists us in maintaining our health but rather assists in deteriorating it while simultaneously leaving us in deep shadows of

The Effects Of Political Using Maps
The Effects of Political Using Maps Maps hold their own great power. Knowing where people, goods, and ideas are is of immeasurable value. As most
powers of this magnitude are, the government has a say in it, regulating and producing them. The government's involvement with maps is undeniable,
especially our own. The question is how well they put their ability to use. Are outcomes favorable for the citizens? Are politicians or governments
benefitted from misuse of maps more often than not? While many are skeptical of governments' actions, they primarily use maps to bring about good
change. In an age in which international affairs and the economy take precedence over many other issues, it is an encouraging sign that maps are not
completely... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, officials even went a step beyond to guarantee the miners' safety. Pennsylvania state representatives Arlen Specter and Tim Murphy,
interested in the practice's safety, spoke highly of robots developed by the Carnegie Mellon University computer science team that would help map
mines accurately. Specter is quoted as saying "Had this technology been utilized in advanced...those miners would not have had their lives threatened"
(Spice 2002). With further research and development, officials hoped to push the technology to use. With the inclusion of this source in conjunction
with the report on the incident itself, one can see how once the problem occurred, officials actively sought out solutions. This situation showcases an
event in which the government used maps, in this case problematic ones, to help bring about positive change. A similar situation involving flood maps
took place, coincidentally, on the east coast as well. For brief context, New York Senator Charles Schumer challenged FEMA (
Federal Emergency
Management Agency) to improve the methods they use to draw flood maps. Municipalities started noticing inaccuracies in the existing maps, which
prompted Schumer's actions. Besides the general danger involved with inaccurate mapping of flood zones, it can be financially costly to residents.
From Senator Schumer's news

Euclidean Distance
The Euclidean distance is measured by the measuring the distance between two points. (Paynich & Hill, 2014) He was concerned with where the
child was shot and most of the fatal wounds were to the head. These were usually shot at a distance. The Bethlehem study is based on a 17 year old
Christian Alsatian Johnny Thalijaya who was shot in front of his father in October of 2001 in Mayner Square. He was just yards from the church. He
had a bag of rice in one hand and a small nephew in the other. He was not armed. He did not present a danger to the Israeli military encampment the
outside of Bethlehem. He was shot twice in the chest and abdomen and died instantly. The Euclidean distance was 968 meters from Hindaza hill to
where he was shot,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Tactical maps are usually used to predict a new crime in a series or spree or identify where the suspects may live in a series of offense. With tactical
mapping products you wait for the next offense to happen to create a new map and prediction and help catch the offender. There are only a few
analyst across the country that ever do tactical analysis. This function seems to be increasing but it does require the analyst to work very closely
with the case detectives and that relationship has to be nurtured over time. We could easily have a tactical set of what we call hot spot could map to
track a crime clusters, spree, series or patterns of crimes that was originally identified at the administrative level. The person making the map needs to
remember the purpose of the map and that the map is readable after spending the time on the map. Also that the map displays what the creator is
trying to convey. Different people may use different maps for different reason. As long as the map conveys what it needs to over a short period of time
that is all that is really important. Paynich, R., & Hill, B. (2014). Fundamentals of crime mapping (2nd Ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones &

What Is Mapinfo Software?
Mapinfo software uses the vector coordinates for virtual mapping. I was assisted by a land surveyor for collecting the vector coordinates of the
area covering the new site. I noted the data provided by the land surveyor based on the GPS receiver as excel (.XLS) format and I updated the
vector coordinates in the Mapinfo software. CE1.12 In Mapinfo software, I used Raster image option for generating detailed topographical features
and calculating the geographical distances and areas. I implemented 2 stage processes for the creation of raster image. First, I updated the vector
coordinate values of the new location site from the GPS receiver from the database Mapinfo software. Second step was the correlation of the scanned
satellite images... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I documented all measurements and findings based on the land survey and submitted it to the operation manager for further verification and allocation
of the new site for the cell site. CE1.16 I was also in–charge for providing pre–deployment survey report for installation of the new BTS tower. I
investigated the terrain feature obtained from the Mapinfo software. The information obtained from software were used as the basis for the identifying
the ideal location for the cell site. CE1.17 A survey was conducted by using a wireless adapter for detecting the existing active access points and
measuring the signal strength in new location site. Since pre–deployment survey was initial process for coverage site survey, I decided temporary
access point as the reference point and applied trial and error method to identify different APs located within the limited boundary. CE1.18 I used a
spectrum analyser with a wave length of 2.4 GHz which was connected to PC for the survey to detect the RF activity in the location and was used to
calculate the signal as well as the noise intensity in the region. I noticed variations in the power as I moved along from the reference point; I noted
and referred this variation was due to the channel interference. I used the PC to generate the graphical and numerical data based on the spectrum
analyser. CE 1.19 For the accuracy of measurement and data, I simulated

The Vinland Map: 15th Century Artifact or 20th Century...
The Vinland Map: 15th Century Artifact or 20th Century Forgery?
Throughout history, the discovery of an ancient artifact has always brought with it much excitement. The idea that we are able to look at something
that existed so long ago intrigues us. However, along with the excitement of new discoveries, there is often much controversy. One such discovery, the
Vinland Map, has been the cause of much debate since 1957.
The Vinland Map, first presented to the public in 1965 in a book written by Skelton, was discovered in 1957 (Skelton 1965, p.3). In the 1960's the
map was bought and donated to YaleUniversity where it remains today. The Vinland Map was originally thought to be a 15 th century depiction of
medieval Africa, Asia, and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first of these three methods is microscopy, used most notably by Walter C. McCrone. As defined by McCrone, microscopy is "the use of any
tool or technique that allows us to identify microscopic objects." This includes the use of the light microscope as well as more advanced types of
microscopes such as the electron microscope and x–ray diffraction (McCrone 1976, p. 676 A). McCrone's methods using microscopy were desirable
because they allow observations to be made on small samples so that no visible damage is done to the item being tested. When testing the Vinland
Map, McCrone used a small needle with rubber cement on the tip to pick up ink particles. Particles were then observed, first using an optical stereo
microscope, and then observed more closely with a series of more advanced microscopic techniques such as the electron microscope and x–ray
diffraction (McCrone 1976).
The second method, used by Donahue, Olin, and Harbottle in their testing of the Vinland Map is radiocarbon dating (Donahue, Olin, Harbottle,
2000). Radiocarbon dating is based on the decay of a specific carbon isotope known as 14C. All organisms contain 14C and once an organism dies,
scientists are able to measure how much 14C has decayed in an organism. By measuring this rate of decay, scientists are able to date the age of an
organism (Higham). Since the Vinland Map is drawn on

Parameterization Essay
3.2.6.3 Parameterization This refers to analysis parameters and input layer preparation to run FRAGSTATS in order to calculate spatial metric
indices. This includes categorical map formatting and setting analysis parameters (sampling strategies and specifying neighbor rule to delineate
patches). FRAGSTATS accepts several types of input image data formats, ESRI grid, ArcGIS raster grid, GeoTIFF grid (.tif), ERDAS Imagine grid
(.img), SAGA GIS binary format grid (.sdat) and several others. For this study, classified maps with ERDAS Imagine grid (.img) formats used as an
input. All input maps were integer grids i.e., each cell assigned an integer value corresponding to its class membership or patch type with the
measurement units in meters.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
3.2.7 Statistical Layer Generation and Zonal Metrics Analysis This is conducted mainly to address and measure the direction and location of
urban sprawl in the study area using ZonalMetrics Toolbox. ZonalMetrics toolbox is a new open source tool developed by Adamczyk and Tiede
(2017) and written in python script to be added as toolbox in ArcGIS 10.2 or latest versions. It is such an important python tool with a specialized
functionality for calculating spatial metrics at zonal level. The tool computes selected spatial metrics such Class Area (CA), Number of patches
per class (NPC), Zone Area (ZA), Percentage of zone (PZ), Total Class Edge (TE), Edge Density (ED) and Diversity (SHDI) indices in the same way
they are calculated in FRAGSTATS but here indices are calculated per class and per specified zones. The toolbox has the following 3 available
utilities (Adamczyk, and Tiede, 2017): it accepts user–defined vector based categorical (polygon) layers for direct analysis; it provides landscape
metrics designed to calculations within any user–defined zones for example regular gridded zones, administration zones, environmental zones, and last
it provides functionalities to generate specific zone (pies, hexagons) to serve as statistical

The 's Historical Atlas Of Central Asia
For millennia, civilizations on either side of the Eurasian Continent exchanged both products and ideas through the complex networks of the Silk
Route. Central Asia, given its strategic position on this route, long served a critical role at the crossroads between East and West. However, while
cultures on both ends of the networks have by and large been extensively researched, Central Asia – despite its centrality – is frequently ignored or
marginalized; rather than claiming a separate area of study, it oftentimes retreats to the peripheries of a larger grouping, whether the Islamic world, the
Sinosphere, or the Russian Empire. Yuri Bregel, on the other hand, proposes an alternative perception of the region. He contends that CentralAsia ...
Climate is a dominant factor in the development of Central Asian civilizations. In the first map, titled "The Principal Geographical Features and
Provinces," Bregel paints the environmental conditions of each locale with rich details (3). Deserts cast a pervasive presence in the map, limiting both
human movement and patterns of settlement. Because of Central Asia's high aridity, most population centers lie on the banks of Amu–Darya and
Sir–Darya, the main rivers in the region, as well as their tributaries. These circumstances, together with the ubiquity of mountains in the south, produce
a series of sedentary provinces such as Ferghana and Khorezm that are relatively isolated from one another. Furthermore, the deserts act as a natural
barrier disjoining the mountain–based farming communities from the vast steppes to their north, where a more temperate climate and flat terrains
encourage nomadic ways of life. Conflicts often arise when the two groups intersect, and the struggle between sedentary city–states and nomadic
empires comprises a key theme in the history of Central Asia.
Nowhere is the distinction between the two categories more apparent than in the drawing of political boundaries. Bregel explains in the preface that
"various Central Asian states knew to protect their

Geographers Describe Where Things Are
Key–Issue: How do geographers describe where things are?
– cartography– the science of making maps
I. Maps – a tool for storing reference materials and a way of communicating A. Early Mapmaking – Maps are scale models of the real world. –A map is
used for two purposes: 1) a tool for storing reference material(2.) a tool for communicating geographic information. –A map is useful for finding the
shortest distance between two places when it is used as a reference tool. – A map is used as a communication tool when it depicts the distribution of
human activity or physical features. It is also useful for thinking about reasons for an underlying distribution. –A series of maps from the same area ...
– The projection minimizes distortion in in the shapes of most landmasses.
4. U.S. Land Ordinance of 1785 – In addition to the system of longitude and latitude, other mathematical indicators are used in different parts of the
world. b. Land Ordinance of 1785– it divided most of the country into a system of townships and ranges to facilitate the sale of land to settlers in the
west.
–Thomas Hutchins was appointed the official geographer of the U.S. in 1781.
– After Thomas Hutchins died in 1789, the responsibility for surveying went to the Surveyor General. b.Township– a square 6 mile on each side c.
Principal Meridians– the north–south line separating townships d. Base lines– some designated east–west lines – Each township has a second number,
known as range, that corresponds to its location east or west of the prime meridian. –Townships in the first column of principal meridian are designated
R1E. e.Sections– the division of a township –A township is divided into 36 sections. Each section is i mile by 1 mile. –Sections are numbered in
consistent order from 1 in the northeast to 36 in

The Graphic Syllabus And The Outcomes Map : Communicating...
Introduction
For my book review, I read "The Graphic Syllabus and the Outcomes Map: Communicating Your Course." This book was written by Linda B.
Nilson. The purpose of the book is to assist faculty and teachers in creating a graphic syllabi and outcomes map for their respective courses. While it
is focused at the college/university level, I feel it could also be applied to K through 12, and professional workshops, and conferences. In the book, the
author takes us through the limits of a text syllabus, the how and why graphics enhance learning, designing a graphic syllabus, and the outcomes map.
Limits of a Text Syllabus
According to the author, a syllabus is a text document and that over the years it has grown from a compact one to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In a way, the syllabus acts as an education identity of who the instructor is. The author states that be the warmth of the language and the strictness of
certain course policies, it conveys how approachable and flexible they want to appear to their students (Nilson, 2007). It also gives an indication of
how well they plan ahead and, more generally, how much they like structure. She also states that the presence or absence of assignments and activities
that hold students accountable of the readings sheds light on whether the instructor lectures the reading in class, or doesn't focus on the readings, or is
simply naГЇve to student's study habits (Nilson, 2007). The author recommends that we use the words empowerment and learner centered than lecture,
know, learn, and understand (Nilson, 2007).
The author mentions that one area where the syllabus fails is that many students do not read them carefully or completely (Nilson, 2007). She gives
some recommendations on how to get students to read the syllabus. One recommendation is to have each student sign a contract stating that he or she
has read the syllabus and understands its contents, including course grading, attendance policies, and the institution's (Nilson, 2007). Another
recommendation is to break students into groups and have them participate is a scavenger hunt, looking for important pieces of information in the
syllabus (Nilson, 2007). She also recommends to give students a test on the syllabus on the second day of

Crim Mapping Crime Chapter Summary
In chapter 2, Short discusses the many ways that maps have advanced over centuries. Without the satellites and technology that we have today, maps
were first created from educated guesses. Some people thought the Earth was flat. Others believed that the universe revolved around the Earth.
Although maps have not always had the accuracy that they do today, they have still played a large role in how we solve problems, especially when it
comes to crime and public health. The latitude and longitude on a map may be able to tell us where a neighborhood is located, but it doesn't explain
much about the area itself. Mapping crime began in France in the early 1800's. It was first used to show where different types of crime were
occurring. Throughout the years, mapping crime has advanced, giving law enforcement a visual of where crime occurs most frequently. These maps
help detectives and police officers to understand crime. They have learned that crime is most likely to happen far enough from a criminal's home to
not raise suspicion, but close enough that the criminals are still feels comfortable with the area. A great example of the positive effects of... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
If there is a certain illness that is targeting one area of a map, then it is easier to narrow down the cause of the illness. Maps can also help us learn
where we need to build hospitals, urgent care facilities, and doctor's offices. Mapping crime lets us know where "hot spots" are located. If we
know that a specific area has a higher crime rate, we can increase the police presence in that area to stop the crime before it happens. Mapping of
crime and public health have helped the government and general public learn how to improve the quality of life for the people living in that area.
Mapping is not just about knowing the latitude and longitude of a specific place, but it can help us to learn how we can improve the world around

Tenth Revision
The International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD–10) has been in development since 1983 to replace the outdated Ninth Revision
(ICD–9) that has been in use in the U.S. for over 35 years (Giannangelo, 2015). Due to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Administrative Simplification regulation published in 2009, the Clinical Modification (ICD–10–CM) will replace ICD–9–CM Volumes 1 and 2, and the
Procedure Coding System (ICD–10–PCS) will replace ICD–9–CM Volume 3 for all HIPAA transactions effective October 2015 (Giannangelo, 2015).
These new code sets accommodate new procedures and diagnoses and allow for greater specificity in clinical documentation (Centers for Medicare &
Medicaid Services [CMS], ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mapping guidelines, or mapping decisions, detail how to select the best code translation in order to ensure clinical semantic interoperability, as well
as limiting the impact to organizational operations, such as administrative and financial functionality. Additionally, these guidelines outline the ways
in which mapping rules should comply with or override GEMs. As previously stated, GEMs should be utilized as a guide, not a stringent directive,
to aid in code conversion. Therefore, mappings identified by the GEMs can either be accepted, overridden by selecting a different approximate match
or combination code, overridden by selecting target codes from a different GEM option, or overridden by rejecting all GEM suggestions and selecting
or creating a new mapping not listed (De, 2012). All mapping selections must be agreed upon by the mapping team; therefore, all individual mappings
need to include justification for the codes selected in order to aid in interpretation during review (De,

Investigating Secondary Dispersion Patterns of Indicator...
Picturing the Subsurface With GIS:
Data Visualization Techniques for Geophysical Images Using ArcGIS
By Lucas Donny Setijadji
Geoscientists try to understand the earth's crust using geophysical methods such as gravity and magnetic surveys. Mining geologists also use
geophysics to search new mineral deposits. In areas such as the Nevada Great Basin, geoscientists rely more on geophysical images than on geologic
maps.
The Great Basin area holds one of the biggest mineral concentrations in the world.
Economically, gold is the most prominent commodity. The most important gold deposits are hosted by carbonate rocks, called the Carlin–type and
Carlin–like gold deposits. Carlin–type and
Carlin–like gold deposits are unique geologically, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The goal is to separate the regional trends and residual anomalies. The digital separation processes sometimes involve the transformation of data from
the space domain into the wave–number (Fourier) domain. This filtering process requires specific geophysical software such as the MAGMAP product
from Oasis Montaj©.
The filtering algorithm applied to the gravity map was a band–pass filter to find intermediatewavelength gravity anomalies. These anomalies represent
deep–seated geologic units and structural configurations (Figure 2). Meanwhile, the upward continuation filter for 1 km was applied on the
aeromagnetic map to eliminate the noise from shallow magnetic sources. The result represents magnetic bodies at a significant depth below the surface
(Figure 3).
Figure 2–The IntermediateWavelength Gravity Anomaly Map After
Application of Band–Pass Filtering
Figure 3–The Magnetic Anomaly
Map After the Application of 1 km
Upward Continuation Filtering
Data Integration With GIS and Some Concerns
Geophysical processing software usually lacks GIS functionality. Spatial analysis is much easier when done in a GIS environment. Transformation of

geophysical images to a GIS format can be as simple as exporting the images that contain spatial information into geoTIFF format. In a GIS analysis,
geophysical images are often treated as a type of evidence map, the same as other thematic maps such as mineral

Outline On Physical Geography

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