media and mass communication

1. TYPES OF
COMMUNICATIO
N

2. • Communication has been classified into several types: in
terms of verbal and non-verbal; the technological and non-
technological; the mediated and the non-mediated; the
participatory and the non-participatory, and so on.
• The classification must be seen as attempts at coming to
grips with the apparently simple but really complex
phenomenon of communication.
• One common typology relates to the size of a social group
or the number of people involved in the experience of
communication.
• Such a typology ranges from the intrapersonal and
interpersonal to the group and the mass.

3. INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
• Intrapersonal Communication is individual
reflection, contemplation and meditation.
• It is the one of the concepts of intrapersonal
communication because it determines how he
sees himself and which to oriented to others.
Self
Awareness
Self
Management
Self
Confidence

4. • Self awareness- beliefs, values, attitude
• Self Concept is self perception or the view you have of
yourself.
• It is the person you think you are, formed in your beliefs
and attitude.
• It is influenced by how others see you, how you were in
your past, are today, and would like to be in the future.
• Perception looks outside and is also rooted in beliefs,
values, attitudes

5. • Transcendental meditation, for instance, is
an example of such communication.
• Conversing with the divine, with spirits and
ancestors, may be termed ‘transpersonal’
communication.
• This is a vital experience in the religious and
monastic life, in ashrams and places of
prayer, and among aboriginal and tribal
communities

6. INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
• Interpersonal communication is direct
face-to-face communication between two
persons.
• In other words a dialogue or a
conversation without the intervention of
another person or a machine like the
telephone or a two-way radio or television
set-up.

7. • It is personal, direct, and intimate, allowing
for maximum interaction and exchange in
word and gesture.
• It is the highest, the most perfect form of
communication that two persons can
attain.
• It is more persuasive and influential than
any other type of communication for it
involves the interplay of words and
gestures, the warmth of human closeness
and in fact all the five senses

8. • Interpersonal exchanges can be used by confidence
tricksters and conmen to throw wool over people’s eyes.
• A man/woman may smile and smile and yet be a villian for
all we know.
• That’s why we cherish our privacy, and are constantly on
our guard in face to face encounters, much more so than
in group or mass gatherings.
• Only the ones who have our trust, and have proved
themselves are allowed to cross the barriers of an intimate
relationship. Most are kept at distance

9. • In the area of business communication that distance is ritualized.
• For instance, interpersonal exchange between a medical representative and a doctor or that
between a manager and a clerk.
• Animals and birds often turn aggressive when their territories are invaded by outsiders.
• The elephant has his herd, the lion his pride, the wolf his pack, and the birds and the bees their
nests and hives.

10. • Human beings react in an equally savage
manner when their spatial privacy is encroached
upon.
• In European cultures, it is considered bad
manners and bad communication to get too
close.
• Among Indians and Arabs, however, physical
closeness in interpersonal communication does
not imply intimacy, nor does constant gazing
into each other’s eyes.

11. FOCUSED AND
UNFOCUSED
INTERACTION
• Most of interpersonal communication is of an unfocused
nature.
• It takes place whenever we observe or listen to persons with
whom we are not conversing.
• For instance in buses, trains, lifts or in public places like
stations, bus stops, or on the street.
• ‘People watching’ without their being aware we are doing
so.
• Our inferences may not all be valid or meaningful, but the
fact remains that we do make inferences all the time about
people.

12. • A person dressed in pyjama evokes different
associations from one clad in jazzy shirt.
• Height, weight, and build.
• Well-built tall man as handsome.
• A stout fat woman as ugly.
• Body movements, gestures, walks, convey certain
meanings to us.

13. FOCUSED
INTERACTIONS
• Interactions that result from an actual encounter between
two persons.
• The persons involved are fully aware that they are
communicating (verbal and non-verbal)
• They are generally not conscious of the meanings they are
conveying through ‘body language’.
• An unfocused interaction usually is set off by eye contact.
• The turning away of eyes, cuts off the conversation.

14. THE THREE STAGES
OF
COMMUNICATION
• The Phatic stage - ‘Hi’ ‘Hello! How are you?’,
‘Good Morning’, ‘Jairam’, ‘Namaste’
• Meeting of eyes, handshake.
• Warming up time during which ritualized
greetings are exchanged.
• The words and gestures exchanged during this
period do not mean much.

15. • The Personal stage: introduces a more personal
element into the conversation.
• A certain element of risk is taken in exposing our
feelings.
• Personal matters like profession, the family, health
problems and the like.
• If, on the other hand, we were hesitant to enter this
stage, we would have broken off the conversation at
the phatic stage itself or continued talking in a formal
manner.

16. • The Intimate stage: This stage is reserved for friends and
relatives.
• The degree of intimacy depending upon the closeness of the
relationship.
• To some we open our hearts out completely; to others, though
good friends, we are reluctant to tell all.
• It’s a stage when social barriers fall and we are at ease;
interpersonal communication achieves its highest form in this
mode, and words seem inadequate.
• Innermost thoughts and feelings- their fear and joys, weakness
and strength

17. GROUP COMMUNICATION
• We belong to groups to satisfy needs that we cannot meet on our
own.
• By coming together with others, we pool our knowledge and
experience to make decisions and accomplish tasks more efficiently
than we could individually.
• We consider groups so important that the average person will spend
one year of his or her life in group meetings!
• Clearly, the more effectively we operate in groups, the greater the
return on the investment of our time.

18. • The principal activity in groups is communication. Groups function by communicating
ideas.
• An effective group is one that reaches its conclusions after considering the widest
range of ideas.
• The group will have a wider range to consider if all members contribute ideas.
• For the group to fulfill its potential, all the members need to feel comfortable in
communicating their ideas, and must feel a responsibility to contribute to the group
discussion.
• If all members are not participating, some of the advantages of group action are lost.

19. • Less personal and less intimate
• Group communication is more complex process than
interpersonal communication.
• Feedback is the key word here.
• While in interpersonal communication, feedback is
instantaneous, it is not so in group communication.