The Delaware River Basin And The State Of New York

The Delaware River Basin And The State Of New York
The Delaware River flows from the Delaware River Basin in the state of New York, creating a natural boundary between Pennsylvania, Delaware
and New Jersey. The lower boundary of the river is urbanized and the upper boundary is rural with very little industry. If the Delaware River
Basin were to be disturbed, many people would be affected. The Delaware River Basin is a major source of drinking water for many in the metro
New York City area and houses many species that play an important role in the ecosystem of the Delaware River. The Basin also houses a very
important resource, natural gas. The natural gas in the basin lies deep within the Marcellus shell rock formation and would need to be extracted
using the hydraulic fracturing process, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(July 2010) Drinking water is not the only use for the upper Delaware River. Many small businesses use the Delaware River as a source of income
from boat rentals to restaurants. Countless amounts of local residents and tourists alike use the upper Delaware River to canoe, kayak, swim and
fish. (Letcher & Van Rossum 2012 p.3) If the Upper Delaware River were to be disturbed, many people would be affected.
The Marcellus Shale rock formation harbors the largest natural gas reserve that runs from New York to Tennessee. (Federman 2010 p.35) The only
way to extract the natural gas is to use the process of hydrofracking. The process of hydrofracking uses a mixture of water, sand and chemicals to
drill and fracture the Marcellus Shale to extract the natural gas. Clean water is used from local aquifers to produce the water mixture called
"slurry" which is made up of 99% clean water (Rush 2010 p.28). The slurry additives are described in the journal article "In the Wake of the Shale
Revolution: A Primer on Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid Chemical Disclosure" as, 3
"... gelling agents (representing 0.5% of the aforementioned 0.79% chemical additive percentage; used to suspend the proppants), acid (0.07%;
used to clear debris and increase production efficiency), corrosion inhibitors (0.05%; preventing corrosion in the piping), friction reducers (0.05%;
used to make the fluid "slick" so the fluids and proppants can be
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Human Impact On The Platte River
Since the settlement of the American West, rivers have experienced changes in the natural flows and movements. Among these processes flooding
has become controlled as dams have been built. Esselman et al. (2011) tracked numerous categories of anthropocentric activities through
geographical informational systems. The team found that upstream fish habitats were exponentially impacted by human activities downstream. In
addition to the upstream movement of impacts human impacts also travel downstream. Different human impacts on the Yellowstone River versus
the Platte River have greatly affected the river ecosystems. One example humans have impacted aquatic ecosystems has been through the
introduction of invasive species. Invasive species are a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In another report by Kessler et al., (2013) the possibility of analyzing a variety of restoration methods will help to determine a cost effective plan.
This means that the restoration of roosting and feeding grounds for the sandhill cranes can be achieved if numerous methods are first explored. In
addition to exploring a variety of restoration methods the combination of public agencies and private individuals will promote restoration and
conservation efforts. A restoration project along the Dolores River in southwestern Colorado and eastern Utah that combined the public and
private sectors created a program that could share ideas, finances, and other vital planning decisions (Oppenheimer et al.,

The Effects Of Water Quality On The Reedy Fork Creek And...
Descriptive Statistics
The spatiotemporal pattern of water quality in the Reedy Fork and Buffalo Creek watersheds exhibits a trend of river deterioration, mainly due to
Fecal Coliform. Our study suggests that most of the pollution sources were related to human activities. Looking at table 2a to 5b, it is clear that,
F.Col, coliform is the dominant parameter with the highest means in all the sites, both at the Reedy Fork and Buffalo Creek watersheds. However,
there are higher mean values of this nutrient in the Buffalo Creek watershed than the Reedy Fork creek watershed. This is clearly visible by
looking at the variation in mean variable concentrations for the individual sites through the years under study from the graphs.
In comparison to the States Standards in table 10, Fecal Coliform for sites 7, 8, 9, 12, 17, and 18, all in the urbanize Buffalo Creek watershed have
mean values of 1613.95, 1189.52, 2447.38, 3167.71, 1410.86, 1178.30 CFU/100ml respectively which are within the states watch zone for the
1999 to 2002 parameters. Subsequently, above normal levels were recorded for Buffalo Creek Watershed sites 9, 12, 15, 18 for 2003 to 2008, sites
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 for 2009 to 2010, and sites 8, 9, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 for 2011 to 2013with fecal coliform concentrations
of 1459.56, 1078.11,1340.28,1113.34; 1890.46, 1517.04, 4115.75, 1863.17, 1475.29, 2078.82, 2165.17, 1314.42, 1389.96, 4427.21, 4684.38,
2026.25; and 1172.76, 1928.00, 2507.14,

The Powder River Basin Is The United States
The Powder River Basin Located in the western United States, the Powder River Basin is currently the United States largest producer of coal, and
the coal that is produced here is some of the cleanest coal that is used in coal burning power plants. By producing such large quantities of low
sulfur, clean burning coal, the Powder River Basin is of great interest, and we will examine the conditions and factors that helped to form some of
the largest and cleanest coal seams in the world, along with coal production and other coal bed resources. A basin, as defined by Merriam Webster
's dictionary, is "a broad area of the earth beneath which the strata dip usually from the sides toward the center" and on a simplified level, the
Powder River Basin is exactly this (Merriam–Webster.com, 2014). The Powder River Basin spans from the northeast half of Wyoming into the
southeast corner of Montana. A geologic map of the Powder River is shown on the following page. The basin is an assymetrical syncline with its
axis lying along the western side. The coal–bearing rocks in the western part of the basin dip over 20 degrees, while the rocks at the eastern side of
the basin only dip up to 5 degrees (Flores et al., 2008). As indicated by the following stratigraphic column, the coal–bearing rocks of the powder
river basin were deposited from the Upper Cretaceous into the Eocene epoch. These rocks can reach a thickness of almost 8000 feet at the basin
axis (Curry, 1971). Found at the

All the Basics There Are to Know about Rivers Essay
Rivers constitute a major natural phenomena found on the surface of the earth. They have unique patterns and systems that perfectly fit in the
geographical grid. One can establish the facts behind the formation of rivers and the important part they play in the ecosystem by carefully
studying their features. However, the topic needs more research to know the reasons behind the uniqueness portrayed by each river.
As the river flows, it cuts rocks which it carries them down its course and grinds them as it moves farther to forms sediments. When the river
enters a relatively flat ground, it slows down resulting in sedimentation. This process is common in the plains where the river spreads over a wider
area to form a U–shaped valley. Due to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The second classification of rivers relies on the biotic composition of their waters. Rivers in this category range from oligotrophic (unpolluted) to
the extremes of eutrophic (polluted) rivers. The zonation procedure divides a river into three distinct parts; that is, the crenon, rhithron, and
potamon. The crenon represents the superior part of the river differentiated by high speed, low temperatures, and low oxygen content.
Additionally, the crenon forms a hypocrenon and a eucrenon. The rhithron follows after the crenon (middle part of the river) with relatively
increased levels of oxygen, turbulent flow, and cool temperatures. Finally, the potamon represents the lower part of the river distinguished by slow
speed, low concentration of oxygen, warm temperatures and sand–covered river beds (Green 220).
River Flow and Drainage Patterns The flow of the river is normally determined by the force of gravity. In this regard, the flow can take different
paths and directions. The volumetric discharge rate determines the water volume flowing via a specific point of the river per unit time. The unit
assigned to this measure is cubic metres per second. The uses of rivers are enormous depending on their locality, flow rate, and water volume.
Large scale irrigation and many production processes depend on river water. The rivers form a crucial part of the hydrological cycle that
determines the climate of a given region. Additionally,

The United States Of The Mississippi River
Latimer, 1
Joseph Latimer
Lia McCoskey
English 1510
11/18/2016
"After every matter arranged, we left the banks of St. Charles with cheers from the crowd...into unknown civilization." (Lewis and Clark) The
United States of America was considered to be all of the land east of the Mississippi river. All the land west of the river was, as they thought, a
remote and uncivilized part of the world. Sent by President Thomas Jefferson to find the fabled Northwest Passage, Meriwether Lewis and
William Clark led a very important, but dangerous expedition to explore this land and find a passage to the Pacific Ocean. These men led an
agonizingly long and difficult journey through obstacles inexplicable to anyone who has not been through them, and risked their lives for the good
of their country, achieving the goal of discovery in the end. Born on August 18, 1774, near Ivy, Virginia, Meriwether Lewis, in 1801, was asked by
President Thomas Jefferson to act as his private secretary. Jefferson made Lewis another offer, however, to lead an expedition into the lands west
of the Mississippi, which he did after enlisting William Clark. With the help of Sacagawea, the team successfully reached the Pacific Ocean in
November of 1805. These two men were very different in nature, Lewis being a reserved and often pessimistic individual, while Clark was a
confident and poised

Water And Water Pollution In The St. Johns River
The St. Johns River is suffering from a significant environmental disaster because of toxic substances from municipal and industrial wastewater,
fertilizer runoff, failing septic tanks, and stormwater. Consequently, over 55% of the river miles, 80.4% of acres of large water bodies, 59.4 % of
estuaries, and 31.4% of coastline miles do not meet water quality standards in Florida (Florida Department of Environmental Protection 119). For
that matter, studying those pollution problems that the river faces is vital since one can use this information to salvage the natural resource which
is at the brink of destruction.
Often, toxic substances are being drained into the air, waterways, and undergrounds wells. According to the report by Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA), over 60 million pounds of deadly chemicals are produced by industries in Florida. Notably, Florida's water has been suffering
mercury contamination until the state's department of migration issues a circular regularly for regulations of eating freshwater fish in the region
(Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission). In fact, such metals emanate from coal combustion's emissions which run into water
bodies. Not to mention, pesticides and herbicides utilized by government and homeowners pollute the environment (Florida Fish and Wildlife
Conservation Commission). Indeed, all chemicals released into the atmosphere find themselves in rivers.
Besides toxic substances, nutrient pollution is a significant blow

Estuaries : San Francisco Bay
As you may know, a estuary, particularly is a enclosed body of water aside the coast where freshwater from rivers and streams intertwine with the
salt water from the ocean. As a matter of fact, estuaries are "places of transition from land to sea and freshwater to salt water." An estuary is a
partially enclosed body of water formed where freshwater from rivers and streams flows into the ocean, mixing with the salty sea water. Estuaries
and the lands surrounding them are places of transition from land to sea, and from fresh to salt water. Influenced by the tides, estuaries are
protected and kept safe from the "full force of ocean waves, winds, and storms by the reefs, barrier islands, or fingers of land, mud, or sand that
define an estuary ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In areas where the mouth of fresh water rivers run into the estuary, the salinity can be as low as .5 ppt (parts per thousand), and in this region
freshwater organisms can live. Near the mouth of the bay, the salinity level can be as high as 36 ppt, which is as salty as the ocean. Since this
estuary is located in a temperate zone, the average daily temperature of the water changes with the seasons. More than 350 species of fish live in
the Chesapeake bay, this bay provides rich fishing opportunities for fisherman. This Bay supports more than 3,600 species of plant and animal life
altogether. Now picture, how much this number drastically increases if you include the enitre worlds plant and animal life.
Furthermore, estuaries are generally influenced by the tides, yet still remain protected from the powerful ocean waves, winds, and storms that the
land forms as barrier islands or peninsulas. In fact, one of the most productive on earth are estuarian environments that create more organic matter
each year than comparable areas of forest, grassland, or agricultural land. The tidal waters of estuaries also support unique communities of plants
and animals especially adapted for life at the margin of the sea. A numerous of different habitat spieces are found living in estuaries, including
rocky shores, sandy beachs, oyster reefs, shallow open waters, freshwater and salt marshes, swamps, mud and sand flats, seagrasses, tidal pools,
mangrove forests, and even river deltas.

The Destruction Of The Ganges River In The United States
Pete Seeger sang, "sailing up my dirty stream, still I love it and I'll keep the dream ." All around the world, rivers that are culturally and
economically important are being polluted. Three examples of this unfortunate phenomena are the Ganges River in India, the Han River in Korea,
and the Hudson River in the United States.
Hindus consider the Ganges to be the goddess Ganga personified. They believe that bathing in the river is cleansing, resulting in the forgiveness of
sins and salvation. All people, it is believed, should experience this sacred river at least once in their life. Many important festivals take place
along the banks of this river. The Ganges River also irrigates a large area of farmland, where rice, sugarcane, lentils and wheat are grown.
Unfortunately, the Ganges River has been polluted by sewage, trash, food, and human and animal remains, and industrial waste. Water–borne
illnesses, including cholera, hepatitis, typhoid and amoebic dysentery are widespread. Although a very important river to the people of India, the
Ganges is also a very polluted river. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ganghwa Island, at the mouth of the river, guards the only water route to the capital, Seoul. The Han River has long been used as a route for trade,
diplomacy, and cultural and technological exchange with China by way of the Yellow Sea. Even today Psy sings about the importance of living
south of the river. These days, the Han River is still important, providing drinking water and irrigation for agriculture and generating hydroelectric
power. However, the Han River is also polluted. There is industrial pollution, as well as farm runoff containing fertilizers, insecticides, and
manure from area farms. These pollutants result in gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases for the people who depend on this river. The Han
River is another example of an important river that has been terribly

Reservoir and Sedimentation Assessment
Introduction
The 1960's were considered the "golden age for dam construction" and contributed to thousands of dams being built across the United States.
Dams are regualarly built to support recreational activities as well as hydroelectric power and water supply purposes but people recently have
realized many of the negative impacts affiliated with them. Many are now 50 years old and due for relicensing which involves many tradeoffs for
dam owners and public stakeholders to consider. Urbanization below such structures has brought up safety concerns from land owners and
recognition of ecosystem degradation has flooded recent news and reports. Dam decommissioning is becoming more of a viable option for aging
dams that are abandoned and have lost their economical use. Over 500 dams have been removed from US riverine systems since 2000 and 51
alone in 2013 (American Rivers, 2013).
Each dam considered for removal requires a cost–benefit analysis to determine the best possible objectives and plan for removal. Many social,
ecological, and economical factors become part of the overall proposal. The fragmented rivers divide many biotic communities and restrict
migration for different species and organisms. Many ecosystems suffer from poor water quality and sedimentation loss downstream from dams.
The removal of these structures restores historic flow regimes and free flowing water that once existed in their natural and aesthetically pleasing
states. This paper will look at

What Are The Strengths And Weaknesses Of Human Greed
Human greed's and Weaknesses
Human Activities
1) Natural Defences
Plants and geologic features make up an ever–present natural defines against flooding. Grasses, shrubs and trees help keep healthy topsoil in place
to absorb excess rainfall, and extensive root systems can absorb some excess water before it overwhelms a region. Naturally occurring waterways,
flood plains and wetlands all serve as safety valves for floods, drawing high waters away and dispersing them safely. Unfortunately, human
activities can disrupt both of these systems, increasing the likelihood and severity of floods.
2) Agriculture and Deforestation
Large–scale agricultural operations can deplete topsoil, reducing the amount of nutrients present and degrading its quality. This can lead to a
weakening of the surrounding plant life, reducing its ability to protect against floods. Similarly, deforestation can remove the anchors keeping rich
soil in place, allowing it to wash away and leaving dry, dusty soil in its place –– ill–suited to absorbing heavy rainfall. This increases the amount
of water that washes into rivers and streams, adding to the volume that passes through the water system and causing floods.
3) Human Development
Rural and urban ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So, again the root cause is human activities. To reduce flooding in the near future, we need to address the human causes of flooding. Flood
management in Malaysia is still largely dependent on structural measures (e.g. building SMART Tunnel, dams, embankments, retention ponds
etc.). These do not solve the root causes of flooding which are humans and their activities. We need to put more emphasis on non–structural
measures (e.g. legislation/regulation and enforcement, land use control, awareness and education, flood disaster management, flood warning

Geography: A Piece Of The Manistee River
To me, geography is simply the study of the earth. With that being said it breaks down into the study of land, weather, people, the migration of
people, their role in altering nature, and the effect of nature on the people. Today I'm going to write about a piece of the Manistee River that's near
and dear to me. It's a small plot of land just south of the 45th parallel. The area is Springfield Township in Fife Lake Michigan. This is now my
father's final resting place, which is fitting because it was his favorite place to sit and ponder life. The beauty and tranquility are breathtaking,
however, due to human interaction, it's begun to lack what it once had. In 1977 the graduating class of high schoolers decided to alter the area
forever. They

The Merced River Is The Southernmost Watercourse Of The...
METHODS
Study sites
The Merced River is the southernmost watercourse of the California Central Valley presently inhabited by Chinook salmon whose abundance has
decreased by 75% since 1950 (Yoshiyama et al., 2000). From its headwaters located in Yosemite National Park, Sierra Nevada, the Merced River
flows west to join the San Joaquín River (river km 190) and drains a watershed approximately 3,297 km2 in size. Meanwhile, the elevation
declines from 3,048 m to about 18.3 m. Only the first 82 river km are reachable by anadromous fish with access terminating at Crocker–Huffman
Dam. We estimated the percent contribution of terrestrial organic carbon sources for juvenile Chinook salmon across four longitudinally–
positioned sites: Merced River ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Restoration planning identified the rehabilitation of the floodplain functions that foster recruitment of riparian vegetation and the quality of
riparian habitat. Fall–run Chinook salmon is an important management species in the Merced River, and numerous state and federal resource
programs include increasing its abundance in their goals. The vision has been to enhance channel, floodplain and riparian ecosystem processes
and critical habitats for juvenile and adult salmonids, in coordination with local communities and stakeholders, to promote the recovery of healthy
and diverse Chinook salmon and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) populations in the Merced River, while helping to meet the abundance goals of
the Anadromous Fish Restoration Program.
Robinson's restoration reach is approximately 2.4 km long and is located 16 km downstream of Crocker–Huffman Dam. The project included a
very complex suite of actions to restore Robinson's reach which was degraded as a result of mining activities and recent flood impacts. Channel
reconfiguration and the creation of a large floodplain with native vegetation increased the river channel's ability to transport and deposit sediments
under the river's current flow regime; hence improving channel dynamics and salmon passage concerns. These actions within the channel
produced improvements for salmon spawning and rearing through the creation of

A Brief Note On The Rio Grande Basin
A Scarcity of Water is Occurring in The Rio Grande Basin.
What is the source that more than six million people rely for drinking water and irrigation? What river did Will Rodgers describe as "the only river
I know that is in need of irrigating?" It is the Rio Grande. With the help of hours of research, this paper will discuss some information about The
Rio Grande Basin, why The Rio Grande Basin has been declining and why, the effect that this occurrence has on the environment as well as the
economy, and to sum it all up a few ideas of what can be done to help the situation. According to International Boundary and Water Commission
(IBWC) (1), "The Rio Grande is the fifth longest river in the United States and among the top twenty in the world." The watershed of The Rio
Grande includes the Rio Bravo. This watershed is located between Mexico and The US and covers over 1,900 miles. The Rio Grande is a source
of drinking water for more than six million people and is used for irrigation on more than two million acres of land. The increase of population
along both borders increases this number as well as increasing the amount of pollution in the water. Due to the fact that both The United States
and Mexico discharge pollution into this river, with differing pollution standards, some places throughout The Rio Grande is considered out of the
boundaries for pollution levels, by US standards. The largest factor for the decline of the Rio Grande is water extraction. "A

East Verde River Case Study
Below the Mogollon Rim near Payson runs the East Verde River, a waterway that is supplemented with discharge of water collected on The Rim
at CC. Cragin Reservoir. According to Clay Thompson of the Arizona Republic, the area gets its name from the mechanization of the water's
power through a metal water wheel fashioned from milk cans that was used by gold miner James "Dave" Greer to crush ore and supply a sluice
box with water.
The United States Geological Survey pinpoints the waterway's rate of flow at Camp Verde, Arizona, 60 some miles down the canyon. Median
flow for June 1 hovers at 82 feet per second, though the canyon that guides it can become a raging torrent, once funneling 481 cubic feet per
second through its rocky shoals on June 1 of 1992. Fortunately, our visit to the popular recreation area was marked with a serene 63 cubic feet per
second chattering down the river. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The river plunges down weathered rock dotted with copses of juniper, sycamore, oak, and manzanita. Crags soar on each side of the canyon,
funneling the river's flow over falls and delta–like redirections among interspersed jagged and polished rock beds. My daughters alternate between
rushing ahead and falling behind as we hike the two miles to the destination falls and its accompanying pool of crystal water. The river itself
alternates between barely shoe depth trickles, raging, frothy falls, and deep, crisp, and clear swimming holes that seem to be hollowed out of the
living rock for the express purpose of completely immersing one's

The Pueblo Flood That Changed My View And Outlook On Water...
The Pueblo Flood, something that anyone who is a native of Colorado has heard about before. When thinking about the flood, it has always been
assumed at least for myself that was something that took place and not much thought was given to it until this became the topic of choice for this
paper. The Pueblo flood occurred on the Evening of June 5, 1921. The flood that changed the town of Pueblo forever and is still even to this day
the deadliest flood in Colorado's History. However, what is not well known is the fact that there was not one flood but three, the devastation that
overtook the town was monumental. The firsthand accounts were heartbreaking, the experience of learning about the flood has truly changed my
view and outlook on water tremendously. The Pueblo flood facts are as follows; the flood occurred in 1921 in the month of June. The first flood
occurred due to heavy rain that fell over a small area called Dry Creek which lies just above Pueblo, The Rise in the River caused the banks to
overflow, this occurred on the evening of June 2nd. The Second Flood, which is known as the main flood took place on the night of June 3rd and
will be the main focus of this paper. The Third flood occurred on the morning of June 5th due to the breaking of the Schaeffer Reservoir in an area
known as Beaver Creek. The exact amount the height of the flood waters got to will never truly be known, but there is evidence though out Pueblo
even to this day that documents how high

Protecting Floodplains by Aaron Dante Mamiit
Protecting Floodplains by Aaron Dante Mamiit
Flooding is a constant issue faced by Metro Manila. Although there are times when flooding is merely an inconvenient and annoying event, there
are also times when it develops into something much more frightening and dangerous.
But why is Metro Manila so badly plagued by floods anyway?
One of the reasons why Metro Manila constantly battles with the flood problem is because a large part of it is situated on a floodplain.
What are floodplains?
Floodplains are landscapes that are formed when running water, often in streams and rivers, transports eroded rock and other similar materials
from their banks to a lower part of the Earth's surface. At these lower parts, the flow of water slows down, and the rock and materials that the
water is carrying are dropped.
This leads to the creation of deposital landforms. One of these landforms is the floodplain.
Floodplains are nearly flat, hence the "plains" part of their name. The "flood" part, on the other hand, should be pretty obvious – these floodplains
are subject to periodic flooding.
What happens on floodplains?
Flooding occurs when water overflows from a stream or river. When the water levels become too high, the water flows out of the stream channel
and over the stream banks, submerging the adjacent floodplain.
As water overflows, the material it carries – sediments such as sand, gravel, clay, and silt – are deposited on the floodplain.
The larger particles are deposited first, closer

Human Exercises : Natural State Of The Type Specific...
Ecological integrity perceived as the 'maintenance of all internal and external processes and attributes interacting with the environment in such a
way that the biotic community corresponds to the natural state of the type–specific aquatic habitat, according to the principles of self–regulation,
resilience and resistance'. 1.3 pdf Human exercises may make changes to natural land and may modify the structure, synthesis, capacity and
composition of an environment. This can make it more troublesome or even incomprehensible for an ecosystem.
http://www.bcauditor.com/sites/default/files/publications/2010/report3/files/oagbcconservationofecologicalintegritysupplemtalinfodefiningeiout.pdf
http://www.sfu.ca/haida–ebm/ecological_integrity/ Furthermore, ecological integrity the segments that must be available are the living beings and
groups of creatures, and also physical components, for example, water, soils, and courses of action, photosynthesis, backwoods progression and
supplement cycling, which are normal in environments that are undisturbed or insignificantly bothered by human activity. An ecological system or
species has integrity or is viable when its dominant ecological characteristics (e.g., elements of composition, structure, function, and ecological
processes) occur within their natural ranges of variation and can withstand and recover from most perturbations imposed by natural environmental
dynamics or human disruptions. Measure pdf (Parrish et al., 2003) Some of

Indian River State College Intertextual Analysis
"The friends you find in college; will be the friends you have for life." Many individuals indicate this statement is true, and now I can claim that I
understand the quote stated above with a firsthand experience. Enrolling in Indian River State College possesses the privilege to interact with
many international students. I have obtained strong bonds across diverse cultural groups as a result of; social gatherings, or regularly having meals
together. I remain immensely grateful for the relationships I have obtained with the international students.
I have learned that retaining global relationships are a unique, enlightening and a significant experience. In College, I have had the privilege to
encounter with many international students. Consequently, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Sweden, Swedes perform and execute tasks different than we do in America. I was thrilled to find out all about Sweden's culture, views, and
practices. Although I believe she was a bit uncomfortable at first, I began to invite my roommate to social gatherings and dine together to learn
more about her. For just coming to America, her English is quite exquisite. Over a period, she has exposed new recipes of different food from her
culture. I have gotten to learn about different holidays she celebrates. I learned Individuals in Sweden are more aware of their environment. For
instance, While my roommate showers, she turns off the water to shampoo and condition then turns it back on to rinse off. I find the difference in
environment values between Sweden and America fascinating. Spending time with an individual from Sweden has given me an insight into the
European culture. I have learned different norms and values in her culture and how I can accommodate and make her feel more at home. If I ever
travel to Europe, I have a better insight and can appreciate and relate to Europe's values more.
In conclusion, having the experience to interact with international students. Society is increasing globally and welcoming other cultures. America
has adapted to others and picked up on a few traditions from other countries. Schools and other institutions are providing better ways to
communicate with individuals from diverse cultures. I am grateful that I can become more globalized and more aware of others around me. I can
gain experience from people with a different culture and use the experience in everyday

How Did The United States Affect The Mississippi River...
HOW DID THE INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICAAFFECT THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER REGION OVER THE PAST 100
YEARS?
THIAGO SAWAN
CONTENTS PAGE 2 – Introduction to the Mississippi River 3 – Part A
PART A
RATIONALE FOR STUDYING THIS PARTICULAR WATERWAY
The Mississippi River itself produces almost all of the United States' farming exports and it also produces $54 billion each year. The River also is
one of the largest river systems in the world when connected with the Missouri River, spanning a massive 6275 kilometers long; making it the
fourth longest in the world. The river also holds at least 260 species of fish, which is 25% of all fish species in North America, sixty percent of all
North American birds use the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ENVIRONMENT
The concept of environment is about the significance of the environment in human life, and the important interrelationships between humans and
the environment. Communities and businesses have come to rely heavily on The Mississippi River for transportation, water, food, recreation, and
a variety of other goods and services.
INTERCONNECTION
The concept of interconnection emphasizes that no object of geographical study can be viewed in isolation. The Mississippi River connects in a
variety of ways, e.g. natural resources, water for irrigation, manufacturing, transportation of goods, tourism and outdoor recreation.
SUSTAINABILITY
The concept of sustainability is about the capacity of the environment to continue to support our lives and the lives of other living creatures into
the future. There are a number of programs to restore the river to maintain communities, fisheries and navigation, to ensure long–term
sustainability.
SCALE
The concept of scale is about the way that geographical phenomena and problems can be examined at different spatial levels. Climate trends and
energy costs indicate that current management of the Mississippi River and its delta will lead to cascading failures in navigation, flood protection,
and wetland restoration.
CHANGE
The concept of change is about explaining geographical

The Colorado River And The State Of Colorado
Furthermore, the Colorado River, located in the state of Colorado in the United States of America has been decreasing due to a lack of rainfall,
which mainly feeds this river. Millions of people from other states rely on the Colorado River, including those in Arizona, California, New
Mexico, Nevada, Utah, and Wyoming. China, also has seen thousands of its rivers disappear, according to a recently published Bulletin of First
National Census for Water in China.
Many scientists believe that a severe reduction in annual rainfall is due largely to the absence of adequate reforestation projects. Drier air causes
water to evaporate more rapidly. Even standing water disappears in some regions. The Island of La Gonâve, one of Haiti's largest, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although the following statistics do not show any negative effects on the forests in the United States of America, without aggressive efforts to
plant trees each year, the population will eventually experience the side effects of less tree production. According to the U.S. Forest Products
Industry Statistics:
Of America 's 2.263 billion acres, forests cover 747 million acres (33 percent of the land base).
More than 244 million acres of federal land are set aside by various government agencies.
The U.S. contains 5 percent of the Earth 's forest cover.
Despite a 143 percent increase in population, the U.S. has about the same area of forestland today as it did in 1920.
The volume of wood in U.S. forests is about 25 percent greater today than it was 40 years ago.
Each year, 1.5 billion new trees are planted in the U.S. That 's more than five seedlings for each American and 2,000 for every bear.
U.S. forest planting currently averages about 2.4 million acres per year.
Annual forest growth has consistently exceeded harvest rates in the U.S. since the 1940s.
Forests of the Southern U.S. (from eastern Texas to northern Florida) have the highest biodiversity of any forests in North America.
Over the past decade, the U.S. forest products industry has spent more than $100 million on wildlife and environmental research.
The U.S. forest products industry employs

Ecological Integrity And Nature Integrity
iscuss what is meant by "ecological integrity" and relate this concept to rivers. In your answer describe the components of a river we could use to
'measure' integrity Ecological integrity? Ecological integrity 1.3 pdf Ecological integrity perceived as the 'maintenance of all internal and external
processes and attributes interacting with the environment in such a way that the biotic community corresponds to the natural state of the type–
specific aquatic habitat, according to the principles of self–regulation, resilience and resistance'. 1.3 pdf Human exercises may make changes to
natural land and may modify the structure, synthesis, capacity and composition of an environment. This can make it more troublesome or even
incomprehensible for an ecosystem.
http://www.bcauditor.com/sites/default/files/publications/2010/report3/files/oagbcconservationofecologicalintegritysupplemtalinfodefiningeiout.pdf
http://www.sfu.ca/haida–ebm/ecological_integrity/ Furthermore, ecological integrity the segments that must be available are the living beings and
groups of creatures, and also physical components, for example, water, soils, and courses of action, photosynthesis, backwoods progression and
supplement cycling, which are normal in environments that are undisturbed or insignificantly bothered by human activity. An ecological system or
species has integrity or is viable when its dominant ecological characteristics (e.g., elements of composition, structure, function, and ecological

Yuma Project Research Paper
The Yuma Project was important because it dealt with all the uprising conflicts that occurred.Irrigation greatly changed southern Arizona, also
known as Yuma. It started out small, but as more people moved there it grew largely. There were a series of different irrigation systems, but the
commonly used one was canals. Some of the canals that were built long ago still stand today, and Yuma is the most linked place. Yuma today is
the largest agricultural place, but will not be for long if they keep having the problems they do. They also need to have money so they can fix what
they need to and be able to pay workers to help.
Not only did the Yma Project affect farming and how irrigation worked, but it also affected the people that lived around it. There was an issue that
the Indians along the Colorado River had. They were being pushed out of the area on both the California side and the Arizona side because of the
immigrants that came September 3, 1852. They came on a boat called the "Capacity". Not only did that boat carry the immigrants, it also carried
lumber and an engine for a steamboat (steamer) that would be able to sail in twenty– two inches of water. The Indians realized that Fort Yuma was
getting stronger and was not going anywhere, anytime soon. It was big on the California side, but the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They have to agree to let the workers and that state use their land for the canals. It is their land, they were owed it, so it belongs to them and the
government or state can't take it from them. The workers have to bribe them into letting them use the land. Most of the time the bribe consisted of
money but others, consisted of using the water from the canal as a lifetime supply of water for their own personal needs. Most of the time, they
would agree to make a deal, or treaty, and if they didn't then the workers would have to find another piece of

The Solstice Flood Of Duluth
On July 19–20 2012, Duluth, MN experienced 10 inches of rain which led to one of the worst inland flood events in American history. The St.
Louis River rose over 10 feet and caused significant damage to roads, bridges, and private property (Czuba et al. 2012). Erosion carried massive
sediment loads into Lake Superior, posing a risk to both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in the process. The flash flood shook the community
and negatively impacted the environment to such a degree that recovery is still a work in progress. The Solstice Flood, as it is known, forced the
community to evaluate its outlook and preparations surrounding natural disasters. As global climate change continues, the frequency and
magnitude of events like this are going to increase (IPCC, 2014). Unfortunately, the 2012 Solstice Flood in Duluth is symptomatic of how poorly
we as a country, and perhaps as a species, have prepared for disasters that will only be magnified going forward.
Anatomy of the Flood As described above, the flash flood was caused by intense rainfall over several days during June 2012. The torrential rains
led to record–breaking discharges in the Knife and St. Louis Rivers. The discharges from the Knife River and St. Louis River peaked at 25,000
ft3/s and 45,300 ft3/s respectively (Czuba et al., 2012). The Mississippi River and other nearby streams and rivers also experienced unusually high
flow volumes. As rain rushed into and through these systems, flood mitigation and

River Bend State Park Research Paper
During this history class extra credit opportunity tour to River Bend State Park I fell like I learned a lot of very interesting information on not only
American history, but also Seminole History. I also learned the methods that have been utilized in hopes of preserving the park in its natural state.
It is well known that it will not be possible to get the park to be an exact replication of the way it was when the wars were taken place, because the
park changed before and after those events, and we do not know the exact changes to make today. But nonetheless, the park is as close to as it was
back then as it needs to be, and I thought that it was an amazing thing to be in such a well preserved meaningful location. I had no idea that the
Seminoles were such a big factor in American history as well as the fact that they were the only Indian group to never surrender. The wars upon
the Seminoles were not necessary, and America should not have taken everything from them, or killed so many of them. The Seminoles could
have been a huge advantage towards America if we would have accepted them and learned their tracking skills, war tactics, and healthy living
habits, rather than stealing from them and killing them. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many new species such as the anaconda along with various other animals and plants have been introduced to Florida, but those who run River
Bend State Park have done a superb job at keeping the park free of any invasive species. The park has also take precautionary measures for
protecting their oldest tree in the Park by adding fence around the tree with cameras to make sure that the tree remains undisturbed. This tree just
so happens to be buried on top of an Indian burial tomb and it is told to be that this particular oak tree is 300 years old. Unfortunately, this tree is
now slowly dying, but no one knows exactly how long the tree could take to fully

Proceedings Of The Second Conference On Human Capital...
Proceedings of the Second Conference on
Human Capital Development
Vol. 2 No. 2 2015
Theme:
ENHANCING HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT
THROUGH MULTI–DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
Date
30th June 2015
Venue
Conference Hall,
Rivers State College of Arts and Science
Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Fortress Educational & Consultancy Services Limited
Proceedings of the Second Conference on
Vol. 2 No. 2 2015
Editorial Board
Editor: Dr. (Mrs.) Edwinah Amah
Co–Editor: Dr. Ukoha Ojiabo
Associate Editors
Prof. A. Ahiauzu
Prof. Don Baridam
Prof. Seth Accra Jaja
Asso. Prof. Godwin I. Umoh
Prof. Okey Onuchuku
Prof. B.E. Okoli
Prof. (Mrs.) Bene Willie Abbey
Prof. (Mrs.) A.I. Hart
Prof. (Mrs.) Nnena F. Peterside
Prof. Boma Afiesimama
Prof. Francis Sikoki
Prof. I.J. Agiobenebo
Prof. P. Ezekiel Hart Dr Ellis Beteck Dr Ayodele Julius Alade
Fortress Educational & Consultancy Services Limited Proceedings of the Second Conference on
Vol. 2 No. 2 2015
Editorial Board
Editor: Dr. (Mrs.) Edwinah Amah

Co–Editor: Dr. Ukoha Ojiabo
Dr. (Mrs.) Edwinah Amah: Department of Management, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Port Harcourt.
Dr. Ukoha Ojiabo: Department of Management, Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Port Harcourt.
Prof. A. Ahiauzu: Faculty

San Joaquin River Restoration Paper
People predict things all the time. The question to ask is do their predictions come true? The San Joaquin River Restoration project had Bill
McEwen and Daniel Weintraub predicting what would happen within the years of this restoration. What is intriguing to know is if their prediction
came true. If they did come true was it for better or for worse?
An important concept of this restoration project is the funding that went into it. "... Our federal and state governments will spend hundreds of
millions– if not billions of dollars in coming years..." ( McEween 2009) In the article 'River Plan Too Fishy for my Taste Buds' Bill McEween
predicted that our government would have spent "millions– if not billions of dollars" for this restoration project. The question to ask is did this
prediction came true? " Since the restoration project began in 2009, it has been plagued by missed deadlines, a failure of fulfill coequal goals that
include... a price tag that has ballooned to $1.5 billion." ( The Editorial Board ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
" When the chinook salmon come back to the San Joaquin River it will be a miracle." (Weintraub 2009) In the article 'River Restoration Project
Offers a Sprinkling of Hope' Daniel Weintraub expresses that he does not believe that the salmon will come back to the San Joaquin River. Now
the interesting thing to know is if after six years where Weintraub's beliefs accurate? "If it isn't already a warm–water fishery, it will be soon. In
the midst of global warming, trying to expand that range of salon– instead of saving them where they are– is a fool's errand." (The Editorial Board
2015) The Editorial Board explains that after six years the salmon still haven't returned, and they won't return because of global warming. It is
better to save the salmon where they are now instead of trying to have them return to a place where we won't know if they will

Howard County Flood Analysis
Flooding is one of the many risks that people and their private properties assume when they consider living in a specific geographic location. This
is true for the residents of Howard County, as they live near the Chesapeake Bay, whose tributaries branch off into smaller rivers, streams and
lakes. Due to the fact that Howard County is more developed in the southeast and more rural in the west, there is a correlation between the risk of
flooding and the presence of human development. (any cite here?) Natural factors play an integral role in determining the probability of flooding
in a particular section of the county as well. People and their private properties are highly impacted by flooding, as it can cause death and injuries
to humans ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For instance, they have detailed information about the areas that are flood prone and provide this on (is there a missing word following the
comma?)several platforms, such as the Flood Insurance Rate map required by FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) that illustrates
which parts of the county are most at risk for flooding, as well as other informational categories(please elaborate on or list the categories)
(Howard County Website). Moreover, the Howard County government has several restrictions and permit requirements that prevent or at least
make it more difficult for people to establish (build?) their private properties in flood prone areas. For instance, Howard County has restrictions
that a resident's private property has to be "within the County–regulated 100–year floodplain delineated for smaller drainage areas" (Howard
County website). (check on the accuracy of the previous quote) In addition, residents must consult with county officials prior to altering the
exterior of their house in any way to ensure that the project is in compliance with any floodplain restrictions (Anderson, Baltimore Sun). Finally,
residents and their private properties can be better protected from the financial risk of flooding if they acquire flood insurance, which is mandatory
for certain high–risk areas (called Special Flood Hazard Areas) and has to

Ap World History Essay
How were the needs for water and economic structures in some of the earliest of world's civilizations cities and states met around 3100 BCE–100
CE and how did they get there? The cities and states back then depended on working waterways and architectural growth in order for their
population to thrive. The larger the population, the greater the need for more easily and readily available water. When we think of a large
population, we often think of the word civilization and if they had certain traditions that may have been passed down. Some of the first known
civilizations were that of ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt which were located along the well–known Nile, Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. They had
traditions just like any other culture, but the Mesopotamians wrote them down allowing historians a glimpse into their culture and their need for
water. By looking at these civilizations today, we can talk about the political and economic factors of how water supplies were regulated around
Mesopotamia and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"In addition to demonstrating that people could transport and store food effectively, the presence of cities also indicates that people were
producing enough surplus food to allow for a specialization of labor" (Wheeler 1). So in short, we could say that if everyone was a farmer with
this new access to water and new technology, then no one would be building the city or preparing for the future. There would be no storage bins
for grains, no roads and no one to govern the city and create written laws or policies for their growth. Supplying the city with water wasn't just a
technical issue, but it also affected the economical, legal and political development of any ancient

Analyze The Causes Of Flooding In Metropolitan Areas
In metropolitan areas, especially areas located along a major river may see an increase in flooding because the city may have grown without
incorporating rainwater runoff areas such as drainage ditches, retention ponds or building dams either natural or manmade to help prevent an area
from being overrun with water in a heavy or prolonged rainstorm. Sometimes, large metropolitan areas are built in low–lying areas such as
valleys, or coastal areas along oceans, lakes and rivers. In some cases flooding occurs because of natural chokepoints along a river being
overwhelmed by the amount of water flowing downstream at once. An example of this would be the snow melting on an mountain running
downstream until it hits one of these natural chokepoints

Pros And Cons Of Floodplains
A floodplain or flood plain is an area of land adjacent to a stream or river that stretches from the banks of its channel to the base of the enclosing
valley walls and experiences flooding during periods of high discharge. Or in simple words we can say – an area of low–lying ground adjacent to
a river, formed mainly of river sediments and subject to flooding.
Flood plains are made by a meander eroding sideways as they travel downstream. When a river breaks its banks and floods, it leaves behind layers
of alluvium (silt). These gradually build up to create the floor of the flood plain. Floodplains can support particularly rich ecosystems, both in
quantity and diversity.
Floodplains are where land and water meet. The two environments merge ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This reduces a river's discharge and so makes it less likely to flood. Afforestation also prevents mass wasting which reduces the amount of soil
entering the river and keeps the river's capacity high. When combined with floodplain zoning, afforestation can be very effective at reducing the
risk of flooding. It creates new habitats for animals and improving water quality by filtering pollutants out of rainwater. The issue with
afforestation is that it requires quite a lot of space to be effective and could prove unpopular among famers on the floodplain as they won't be too
happy with trees sapping nutrients from the soil. This issue can be combated somewhat by creating riparian buffers, thin vegetated strips of land
that run adjacent to a river's channel.
– Wetland Restoration– involves creating conditions that are favorable for the development of wetlands (marshes or swamps). Wetlands are able to
store large volumes of water which helps to reduce the discharge in a river. Wetlands don't reduce flooding where they are located but rather
downstream of the river. They have the added benefit of creating new habitats for animals and greatly increasing biodiversity. They reduce the
area of land available for farming though which makes them unpopular among

My Life At Indian River State College
From a young age I have had a passion for sports. Not just a single sport but all sports. The understanding of the sport either it be soccer, baseball,
football, or rugby came easy to me and I was always thought of an important player of the team from my coaches. I love being on the team yet
still performing individually. Late in my teens another passion developed and it too came easy for me. This passion would be the performing on
stage; Acting. The beautiful art of Acting has recently impacted my life in a way I cannot describe. After success with other performances at my
high school, I have been encouraged to seriously step foot into the world of acting. Being enrolled at Indian River State College will allow me to
begin my journey and stay close to home but not for long. I plan to transfer to seek my Bachelor's Degree in Sports Management and I may even
double with a Bachelor Degree of Fine Arts. I see my future as being someone who is in the spotlight. I plan on using my Bachelor's Degree to
achieving my goal of becoming a head football coach of an unranked University team and raising them to the top and proceed to the Professional
level. My focus will not be on me but on my players. I will seek to find what motivates them individually and combine them to produce a winning
team. On a different note, I just might use my Bachelor's Degree to pursue my passion of acting. It is hard to describe the feeling of being on stage
in front of an audience and see their

The Athabasca River From The Columbia Ice Field Essay
The Athabasca River originates from the Columbia Ice–field and flows in a north–easterly direction about 1500 km to the Athabasca Delta and
Lake Athabasca. Throughout its course, the river flows through (or adjacent to) many communities, including Jasper, Hinton, Athabasca, Fort
McMurray, and Fort MacKay (with a combined population of more than 155,000 people). Due to its rich natural resources, Athabasca river basin
is host of many mining and forestry industries and agricultural activities along the river (MRBB 2004). Particularly, there is an ongoing oil sands
development in the region adjacent to the lower reach of the Athabasca River, north of Fort McMurray. All of these activities, in conjunction with
the natural watershed geology, effluents from wastewater treatment plants (point sources) and runoff from both natural and altered landscapes
(non–point source), have the potential to affect water quality in the lower Athabasca River (Hebben 2009).
There is a great deal of interest to determine the current state and temporal/spatial variations of the water quality of the Athabasca River,
particularly below Fort McMurray. Such an understanding of Athabasca River water quality (particularly dissolved oxygen, DO) is crucial due to
its broad range of influences, for example, on aquatic ecosystem and neighboring communities. Canadian Council of Resource and Environment
Ministers CCREM (1987) suggested a DO guideline of 6.5 mg/L or greater for the protection of adult

The State Of Delaware River Pollution
This situation may arise if humanity does not take steps to mend its polluting tendencies. To begin with, each individual should focus on
decontaminating his or her nearest water body. For those living in Delaware, the nearest major water body is the Delaware River, which is in dire
need of reform. "The Delaware River, . . . is the fifth most–polluted river in the country, according to a report released . . . by Environment New
Jersey" (Augenstein). However, this issue did not arise spontaneously. A recognized problem by the early eighteenth century, Delaware River
pollution remained a serious issue for the next 300 years. This mostly originated from rapid population growth and booming industrial activities
("Delaware River Water Quality"). As the years progressed, Delawareans continuously disregarded the Delaware River, and now it is immensely
polluted due to an accumulation of neglect for the river. Residents polluted the river without repercussions until the river's deterioration began to
adversely affect them. Because of this, Delaware waters continued to befoul past the line of safety. "Severe pollution was most evident by the
prevalence of waterborne illnesses and in the sharp decline of migratory fish populations" ("Delaware River Water Quality"). Delaware waterways
are currently unsafe for commercial use due to the presence of pollutants and parasites like Giardia and Cryptosporidium in the water. These can
cause significant health problems, especially in

Mimir's Price: A Short Story
Mimir's Price
The sound of a lazy brook, babbling its story night and day, always fills me with peace. Running water through forests and rocks creates Beta
waves in the brain. Maybe the thousands of asian temples devoted to hundreds of philosophies knew this. Whether National Geographic or some
other documentary these grand temples that have stood for generations always have some talkative stream near by. I am not sure about the science
involved, but I can say I've heard the lullaby of water playing with the small pools that rocks make. The sound always carried the comfort of
Summer visitations with my dad in Northern California. Water has defined that area of the Golden State through the hour hand of geologic time.
Water has been ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I would see my Father less than I liked. Yet the sounds of playful water always ferried me to his trailer next to the creek. Even the urban sound of
rain in a gutter can sweep serenity to my troubled mind if I stopped to listen. I can not help but feel my body diminish when near the churns and
gurgles of young streams. The sounds are the keys to memories which come when called. Water always brings them to me in what ever order they
choose. Soon they will be the only ones left of the moments spent me and Dad alone. Time has its own currents and eddies bringing us to our
fates. The Norse even talked of Fate as a the banks of a river, and the person as the current. Alzheimer's has become my Father's fate, and time
now works the peaks and valleys of his mind. My Father and friend wakes each day to the slow eroding of memories like the current cutting the
wide channel of the Yuba River Gorge. Like the gold we sought our time exposed and washed away from his mind. I cannot say what he will last
recall. My hope is that it would be the playful tune of my beloved

Roanoke River And The South Carolina State Line
Richmond County is located in East Central Georgia bordering the Savannah River and the South Carolina state line. Richmond County contains
three (3) incorporated cities: Augusta (the second largest city of Georgia), Hephzibah, and Blythe. The city of Augusta had consolidated
governments with Richmond County in 1995, and the new entity is known as Augusta–Richmond County, or simply Augusta (Montgomery,
2014).
According to the US Census 2015, Richmond County is home of 201,793 people, and 87,612 households. The population per square mile was
618.4 (State of Georgia of 168.4 and the nation of 87.4). The racial makeup consisted 55.6% Black or African American, 39.2% White, 4.8%
Hispanic or Latino, 1.8% Asian, 0.3% other Pacific Islanders, 0.4% American Indian, and 2.7% from two or more race. Of 201,793 people, 7.2%
were below five (5) years of age, 23.5% were below eighteen (18) years of age, and 12.9% were sixty–five (65) years of age and over. 51.5%
population of Richmond County were female. Approximately to 16.3% of those aged twenty–five (25) and older in Richmond County have less
than high school education (15.0% for Georgia, and 13.7% for the nation). The median household income for the county was $37, 704 ($49,342
for Georgia and $53,482 for the nation). The Per Capita income for Richmond County was $20,549 ($25,427 for Georgia, and $28,555 for the
nation). 26% of Richmond County residents were in poverty (18.3% for Georgia, and 14.8% for the nation). 16.9% of

Bedrock River
If a river flows over bedrock, the bedrock restricts widening and lateral mobility which can distort the shape of the bends in the river (Hooke and
Yorke 2011). Substrate influences channel form at the reach scale, with bedrock channel found to be narrower and deeper than alluvial channels
(Whitbread et al. 2015). This means that the substrate the river is flowing over does have an effect on what the river is doing. The bedrock restricts
widening and lateral mobility, which limits how fast the river can meander. If the river is flowing over a substrate that is easily erodible, and then
if it erodes down to bedrock the river will become less sinuous.
Meandering rivers are not common in bedrock channels because bedrock channels are narrower and deeper than alluvial channels (Whitbread et
al. 2015). The alluvial channels allow the river channel to become wide and therefore the river is able to meander because its channel is so wide.
Changing the type of bedrock can influence the width and depth of the river (Whitbread et al. 2015). The maximum width/depth ratio decreases
with increasing fracture spacing (Whitbread et al. 2015). This is because the fractures create a weak spot in the rock that allows the river to erode
into those fractures. Adding ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The substrate that the river flows over has an effect on the interaction between groundwater and the bottom of the river. If the river is flowing over
an impermeable substrate e.g. shale, mudstone, any crystalline rock etc. and then erodes through that impermeable substrate the river could cease
to exist. The substrate has a major effect on the river. The substrate can determine what type of river is formed, how much sediment the river is
transporting, how much erosion is occurring in the river etc. The substrate is a very import factor when anyone is studying a

Little Blue River Watershed Management Plan
Introduction
Located in central Indiana the Little Blue River Watershed covers Rush and Shelby Counties and a small section of Henry County. The Little Blue
River Watershed is part of the Driftwood River Watershed. (Little Blue River Watershed Management Plan, 2007, p.8) The main river within the
watershed is the Little Blue River which discharges into the Big Blue River. (Little Blue River Watershed Management Plan, 2007, p.16) The river
runs from northeast to southwest along an old glacier channels. (Little Blue River Watershed Management Plan, 2007, p.24) Major tributaries
within the Little Blue River Watershed include Linn Creek, Rays Crossing, Manilla Branch, Little Gilson Creek, Farmers Stream, and Beaver
Meadow Creek. The tributaries combined with the Little Blue River makes up 70.6 miles of stream length within the watershed. (Little Blue River
Watershed Management Plan, 2007, p.19)
History
The Little Blue River Watershed Management Plan started back in 2004 when the Shelby and Rush Counties Soil and Water Conservation District
conducted a diagnostic study on the watershed. The findings lead to a grant from the Indian Department of Environmental Management to be used
to develop a watershed management plan. (Little Blue River Watershed Management Plan, 2007, p.8) Starting in 2006 two public meetings was
held to discuss the development of the watershed management plan which leads to a wide range of issues brought up by the public. (Little Blue
River Watershed

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