the athropocene by irilena konstantakelli, danae mavrota

1. THE ANTHROPOCENE
Humankind is responsible for the massive USE of fossil
fuels which has charged the atmosphere and temperature of
the planet. Toxins and plastic are an accumulating problem of
the oceans, land and air, while technology is becoming our
second if not our first nature. Discuss.
2nd experimental junior high school of athens
second term project in english
students; irilena konstantakelli, danae mavrota
teacher; dimitra dertili
school year; 2016-2017
class; c΄3

2. CONTENTS
Prologue; 3
Fossil Fuels. General Introduction; 4-6
Advantages Of Fossil Fuels; 7-15
Disadvantages Of Fossil Fuels; 16-23
Technology; 24-25
Technology as our 2nd nature; 26
Pros of technology; 27-28
Cons of technology; 29-30

3. PROLOGUE
Nowadays, fossil fuels predominate in the production of
energy. According to some researches, they will
continue to be our main energy source until 2030.
http://www.allaboutenergy.gr/Paragogi31.ht
ml
http://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/images
/charts/energy_consumption_by_source_2
015-large.jpg

4. WHAT ARE FOSSIL FUELS?
https://www.wilderness.org.au/sites/default/files/styles/carousel/public/SA/Great%20Australian%20Bight/Arckaringa_ProminentHi
llHole_Matt-5316.jpg?itok=mev1hYvn

5. Generally about fossil fuels
• Fossil fuels are sources of energy which come from
very old life forms, that decomposed within the earth
over millions of years. The three most important fossil
fuels are coal, petroleum and natural gas. They are
considered non-renewable energy forms, because it
took them so long to be created. This means that they
cannot be used again once they have been utilized
(with the exception of natural gas). A fossil fuel can be
in the form of a solid, a liquid or a gas.
http://s.hswstatic.com/gif/consumes-most-fossil-fuel.jpg
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel
http://www.conserve-energy-
future.com/fossilfuels.php

6. Generally for fossil fuels
• This type of fuel consists mainly of hydrocarbons,
where energy is stored. For the production of energy all
that is needed is combustion. So essentially, through
electricity we are provided with heating and light for
our house or other appliances and fuel or gas for our
car.
• But by burning fossil fuelswe release various gases
such as carbon dioxide and other gases. Αre these
gases too dangerous when polluting the atmosphere?
http://minarchiste.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/ca09-005.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel

7. ADVANTAGES OF FOSSIL
FUELS
https://cdn.instructables.com/FP5/1KYE/I5P7JM6C/FP51KYEI5P7JM6C.MEDIUM.jpg

8. Easily available
• Because of the
increasing demand
of fossil fuels,
science and
technology have
been advanced.
With this fact, the
refineries and the
extraction
procedures have
also improved a lot.
https://www.slideshare.net/opolk/sub-sectors-of-the-american-energy-

9. Large amount of energy
• Fossil fuels are easily combustible.
• In this way, most engines are powered with little
amounts of fuel.
• They can produce large amounts of energy.
http://www.insitu.com.hk/blog/wp-
content/uploads/2011/07/fossil_fuels
_use.jpg

10. High Calorific Value
• Fossil fuels are among
the highest producers of
calorific value in terms of
energy.
• That’s why they are still
preferred over the
renewable sources of
energy or the alternative
sources of energy.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commo
ns/thumb/9/94/Coal_and_Fire.JPG/1200px-
Coal_and_Fire.JPG

11. https://image.slidesharecdn.com/combustiona
ndfossilfuels-161013120922/95/combustion-
and-fossil-fuels-12-638.jpg?cb=1476360768

12. Stability
• Fossil fuels are very stable because they are
composed of molecules of carbon and hydrogen.
• Because of their constancy, they are also easy to be
stored as they do not form other compounds after
being stored for a long period of time.
Petroleum
http://www.petroleum.co.uk/images/alkane/hexane.jpg
http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/sites/default/fil
es/images/13/benzene.diagram.jpg?1345574374

13. Transportation
• The biggest
advantage of using
fossil fuels is that
they can be easily
stored and
transported from
one place to
another.
http://brody.iif.hu/nyisdkiavilagot/sites/default/files/styles/la
rge/public/kepgaleria/sz%C3%A9npor%20vagonokban.jpg
?itok=TG2oAdO0

14. Low Cost
• Fossil fuels are available all over the world and the
methods to extract energy from them are also not that
expensive.
• Unlike other alternative sources like solar power or
wind turbines whose initial investment cost are too
high, fossil fuels have pretty low cost.
https://dqbasmyouzti2.cloudfront.net/assets/content/cache
/made/content/images/articles/Pfund-
subsidies_618_275.jpg
https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/hWzIJxS2iwtVodaQN
qoGXYInuAp_fHBjp2PBMtz1F_ezorHfwXr0sULGZundJ
FwI5ycRQQ=s154

15. Easy Set Up
• Construction of
fossil fuel
power plants
can take place
anywhere.
https://aos.iacpublishinglabs.com/question/aq/1400px-788px/where-do-fossil-fuels-come-from_c9f864d2ba2db92b.jpg?domain=cx.aos.ask.com

16. DISADVANTAGES OF FOSSIL
FUELS
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Fossil_fuel_life_cycle.svg/2000px-
Fossil_fuel_life_cycle.svg.png

17. Environmental hazards
• When fossil fuels are burnt, they emit carbon dioxide.
• Carbon dioxide is the main cause of global warming and
one of the greenhouse gases.
• High temperatures have devastating effects on our lives
as they lead to many floods because of the melting of
polar ice caps.
http://1earth-institute.net/wp-
content/uploads/Sustainability-
ADOBE.jpeg

18. https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CznIurbXcAAWnZ7.jpg

19. Acid rain
• When burnt, fossil fuels
also produce sulphur
dioxide, one of the
gases that is
responsible for acid
rain.
• This type of rain
destroys monuments
made of marble or
brickwork and even
crops.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/PBsqHZSBK7Q/V4S2rS8HjOI/AAA
AAAAAAiM/okdSnKe4hiogXbpwomRF0fHRI9xuk_F1QCLcB/s
1600/acid-rain%2B-%2BCopy%2B%2BCopy.jpg

20. Non-renewable
• As we extract fossil fuels
in an increasing rate, one
day we will run out of
sources.
• They are non-renewable
so there is a limited
amount of them and we
are not actually sure
where that limit is.
https://articles.extension.org//sites/default/files/styles/previe
w/public/US_Energy_Consumption_by_Source.png

21. Human health
• Because fossil fuels release greenhouse gases, the
ozone layer has been worn-out and ozone holes
have been created. These holes allow harmful UV
rays to enter the Earth’s atmosphere.
• UV rays affect human life and they cause serious
diseases, particularly skin cancer.
http://www.umeshkumar.net/wpcontent/uploa
ds/2015/05/UVA-and-UVB-on-Skin.jpg
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/9ahZvP41QI8/Vw1Q
b4QeciI/AAAAAAABHZ8/9tPjDxBYtlcGYCrLIp
e9YeKmu68dACyDACLcB/s640/450-ozone-
depletiondd.jpg

22. Coal-mining dangers
• Extracting coal from
areas with huge
reserves is not only a
difficult and dangerous
task, but it is also a
risk to the health of
the workers.
• Aside from this, coal
mining destroys vast
lands, which can
result in ecological
imbalance. http://www.imsif.com/images/Coal-mining.jpg

23. Affecting marine life
• When fossil fuels are
transported via land, air or
water they pose a threat to
the environment. For
example, leaks in oil
tankers or ships sinking
deep in the sea can cause
huge problems as many
substances of the crude oil
pose serious hazards to
marine life.
http://www.briefingnews.gr/sites/default/files/style
s/slider__638x287_/public/field/image/13782289
941061666023.jpg?itok=RYFkpQmG

24. TECHNOLOGY
https://www.google.gr/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjL15mo0YbTAhVGthQKHcXVDSsQj
RwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Frealislaam.com%2Ftag%2Fdefine-
technology&psig=AFQjCNEpo9U0KI_A6DtKxFOTZszqkPyuIw&ust=1491252146857473

25. What is technology?
Definition; The branch of knowledge that deals with
the creation and use of technical means and their
interrelation with life, society and the environment,
drawing upon such subjects as industrial arts,
engineering, applied science and pure science.
http://www.mathima.gr/media/k2/items/cache/
1a0ade594615258bb3adf62b1e1130bb_Gen
eric.jpg

26. Technology; our second nature
Technology has become a very important part of our
lives and we consider that we cannot live without it. It is
difficult to find an area which has not been influenced
by technology. From how we cultivate our land to how
we communicate with each other the change is huge.
http://vistanews.ru/uploads/posts/201
6-07/1468240942_artleo.com-
27007.jpg

27. PROS OF TECHNOLOGY
• Assistive tech for special needs
• Global Innovations
• Global Access
• Just in time information
https://www.techquintal.com/
wp-
content/uploads/2017/01/Mo
dern-Technology-Pros-and-
Cons-Advantages-and-
Disadvantages.jpg

28. PROS OF TECHNOLOGY
https://www.google.gr/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd
=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjf2Mam3IbTAhWEsxQKHeK2D-
8QjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teachhub.com%2Ftechnology
-classroom-pros-cons-revisiting-
software&bvm=bv.151325232,d.d24&psig=AFQjCNFWtyQ-
n6LDgOdC1bpCFwpa1I7FSQ&ust=1491255069742394

29. CONS OF TECHNOLOGY
• It destroys the environment
• It has given birth to destructive weapons
• A Social Divide
• Social Isolation
• Obesity
https://image.slidesharecdn.com/socialimpactoftechnology-
130806160048-phpapp01/95/social-impact-of-technology-
social-isolation-3-638.jpg?cb=1375805281

30. CONS OF TECHNOLOGY
• A Generation of Laziness
• Quickly Becomes Obsolete
• Replacing teachers
• Disparity of access outside of class
• No privacy
http://www.michaelhay.com/blog/wp-
content/uploads/2011/03/geotagging.jpg

31. THE END
http://www.esoa.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/SA-BreakFree-Action1.png

32. Sources
• http://www.conserve-energy-
future.com/advantages_fossilfuels.php
• http://connectusfund.org/15-most-notable-advantages-and-
disadvantages-of-fossil-fuels
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology
• http://www.dictionary.com/browse/technology
• https://futureofworking.com/7-biggest-pros-and-cons-of-
technology
• http://www.howtoee.com/how-technology-has-become-a-
part-of-every-day-life/