1. The Civil War Goal 3.03: Identify political and military turning points of the Civil War and assess their significance to the outcome of the conflict.
2. Key Terms Discussed Abraham Lincoln Jefferson Davis CSA Robert E. Lee George McClellan “Stonewall” Jackson Anaconda Plan Bull Run/Manassas Antietam Emancipation Proclamation Vicksburg Gettysburg Gettysburg Address Writ of Habeas Corpus Election of 1864 Copperheads Ulysses S. Grant Sherman’s March African-American participation Appomattox Court House John Wilkes Booth
9. Overview of Civil War Strategy Anaconda Plan: Union Navy blockades southern ports. Union riverboats and armies to move down the Mississippi R. to split CSA in two. Union captures Richmond, VA.
11. The Leaders of the Confederacy Pres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander Stevens
12. The Confederate Generals “Stonewall” Jackson Nathan Bedford Forrest George Pickett Jeb Stuart James Longstreet Robert E. Lee
13. Lincoln’s Generals Winfield Scott Joseph Hooker Ulysses S. Grant Irwin McDowell George McClellan George Meade Ambrose Burnside George McClellan,Again!
14. Civil War Battles Actions: Outcomes: Ft. Sumter, SC April 12, 1861 Union ships attempt to resupply Ft. Sumter; Confederate gunners open fire First shots fired. Casts South as aggressor. Ft. Sumter surrendered. Union army retreats to DC. Gives South high hopes. Two inexperienced armies converge in N. VA. Gen. Thomas Jackson stands like a “stone wall.” First Bull Run (Manassas) July 21, 1861
23. Peninsular Campaign March-August 1862 Antietam Sep. 17, 1862 Actions: Outcomes: South holds off Union attacks and protects Richmond due to superior military leadership. VA/MD: McClellan’s Army of the Potomac marches on Richmond. Stuart’s cavalry rides around McClellan’s army taking prisoners and supplies. Lee’s invasion fails but McClellan allows Confederates to escape back into VA. Lincoln fires McClellan. Lincoln makes Emancipation Proclamation. Gen. Robert E. Lee takes offensive, invades MD. McClellan’s troops find Lee’s battle plan wrapped around some cigars and moves his larger army to battle across the Potomac.
36. Extensive Legislation PassedWithout the South in Congress 1861 – Morrill Tariff Act 1862 – Homestead Act 1862 – Legal Tender Act 1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act 1862 – Emancipation Proclamation (1/1/1863) 1863 – Pacific Railway Act 1863 – National Bank Act
37. Actions: Outcomes: Lee invades PA. Two armies meet accidentally and Union troops occupy defensive position along a tall ridge. Confederates attack for three days; ends with unsuccessful Pickett’s Charge. ‘High tide’ of the Confederacy. Bloodiest battle in American history. Turning point of the war - Confederates never invade north again and defeat is inevitable. Gettysburg, PA July 1-3, 1863 Vicksburg, MS April-July 1863 South loses control of last major city on the MS river. Confederacy is split in two. Grant lays siege. After six wks., the city surrenders.
45. Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met here on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of it as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
46. But in a larger sense we can not dedicate - we can not consecrate - we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled, here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but can never forget what they did here.
47. It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they have, thus far, so nobly carried on. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us - that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion - that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation shall have a new birth of freedom; and that this government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
48. Politics of War Habeas corpus – right of the accused to see the court and hear charges; suspended by Lincoln in MD, then in other states to punish disloyal citizens Copperheads – Northern Democrats who advocated peace with the south
66. Actions: Outcomes: Scorched earth tactics from Georgia to the Carolinas begins to break the spirit of the South and contributes to a more rapid end to the war Atlanta Sherman’s March to the Sea May 7 – December 21, 1864 Wilderness Campaign – Petersburg - Appomattox Courthouse, VA Summer 1864-April 1865 Sherman takes Atlanta, then drives for the Georgia coast Union fights up James River and lays siege to Petersburg for 10 months. After Petersburg falls, Richmond is abandoned. Lee tries to escape but is forced to surrender to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, VA. Lee’s surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia effectively ends the war. Last Confederates surrender by end of May.
