5. 5
Spark timing
Air Fuel Mixture Solenoid
Fuel injection valve
Engine speed
Crankshaft position
Spark timing feedback
Engine temperature
Throttle position
Mass air flow
Micro
processor
6. • Power and speed of engine are controlled by varying the ignition
timing and air fuel mixture.
• For spark timing
• Crankshaft drives a distributor
• Distributor makes electrical contact for each sparkplug and a timing
wheel
• Timing wheel generates pulses to indicate crankshaft position.
• Microprocessor then adjusts the timing at which high voltage pulses
are sent to the distributor so they occur at right moment of time.
6
7. • Air fuel ratio control
• Microprocessor varies the time for which a solenoid is
activated to open the intake valve on the basis of input
received about the engine temperature and throttle position.
• Fuel injection
• Amount of fuel to be injected into air stream is determined by
an input from a sensor of the mass rate of air flow or
computed from other measurements
7
8. Copy Machine
• It has Analogue and
digital circuits
• Sensors
• Actuators, and
• Microprocessors.
8
9. Working
• User places an original in a loading bin and pushes a
button to start the process.
• The original is transported to the platen glass
• A high intensity light source scans the original and
transfers the corresponding image as a charge distribution
to a drum.
• Blank piece of paper is retrieved from loading cartridge,
9
10. • Image is transferred onto the paper with an electrostatic
deposition of ink toner powder that is heated to bond to the
paper.
• A sorting mechanism then delivers the copy to an appropriate
bin.
10
11. Control
• Analogue circuits control the lamp, heater, and other
power circuit.
• Digital circuit controls digital display, indicator lights,
buttons, switches forming the user interface.
• Other digital circuits include logic circuits and
microprocessor that coordinates all the functions of the
machine.
11
12. Sensors
• Optical sensors and microswitches detect the
• presence on absence of paper,
• its proper positioning, and
• whether or not door and latches are in proper position.
• Encoders used to track motor rotation.
12
19. • Actuators
– Servo Motors
• Sensors
– IR Sensor for obstruction detection
– Bumper Sensor for obstruction detection
– Compass, for orientation detection
– Accelerometer, for tilt detection
– Ultrasonic sensor, for range detection.
• Micro Controller
– BASIC Stamp 2 module
19
20. Stepper Motor Position and Speed Control
• Actuator: stepper
motor
• Sensor: Switches,
potentiometer
• Microcontroller:
PIC
20
21. DC motor position and speed controller-H bridge driver
and PWM speed control
• Actuator: DC motor
• Sensor: encoder, switch
• Microcontroller: PIC
21
22. Future of Mechatronics
• Growth in mechatronic systems will be fueled by the
growth in the constituent areas.
• Advancements in traditional disciplines fuel the growth
of mechatronics systems by providing “enabling
technologies.”
• For example, the invention of the microprocessor had a
profound effect on the redesign of mechanical systems
and design of new mechatronics systems.
22
23. • We should expect continued advancements in
– cost-effective microprocessors and microcontrollers,
– sensor and actuator development enabled by
advancements in applications of MEMS,
– adaptive control methodologies and real-time
programming methods,
– networking and wireless technologies,
– mature CAE technologies for advanced system modeling,
virtual prototyping, and testing.
23
24. • The continued rapid development in these areas will only accelerate
the pace of smart product development.
• The Internet is a technology that, when utilized in combination with
wireless technology, may also lead to new mechatronic products.
• While developments in automotive provide vivid examples of
mechatronics development, there are numerous examples of
intelligent systems in all walks of life, including smart home appliances
such as dishwashers, vacuum cleaners, microwaves, and wireless
network enabled devices.
24
25. • In the area of “human-friendly machines” we can expect
advances in robot-assisted surgery, and implantable
sensors and actuators.
• Other areas that will benefit from mechatronic advances
may include robotics, manufacturing, space technology,
and transportation.
• The future of mechatronics is wide open.
25
26. Why Mechatronics system Simulation?
• Mechatronic system designs are complex by nature, and are
becoming more complex day by day.
• As the system design grow in overall size to accommodate
ever increasing demands for functionality and performance,
these design must integrate analog and digital hardware, as
well as the software that controls them.
• Mechatronic system’s behaviour is determined by
interdependencies between different components.
26
27. • Therefore, an integrated and interdisciplinary engineering
approach is necessary.
• For this reason, engineers must be assisted by tools which
allow a systems analysis with respect to capabilities,
capacities and behaviour without really constructing the
system.
• This necessitates an appropriate modelling and simulation
tool for mechatronic systems.
27
28. References
• Mechatronics: Bolton, W., Longman
• Introduction to Mechatronics: D.G. Alciatore & Michael B.
Histand; Tata Mc Graw Hill
• Mechatronic system Design; Shetty Dedas, Kolk and Richard
• Mechatronic handbook: Bishop; CRC press
• Intelligent Mechatronic Systems: Modeling, Control and
Diagnosis, R. Merzouki, A. K. Samantaray, P. M. Pathak, B. Ould
Bouamama, Springer, London
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