Causes Of Japanese Stagnation

Causes of Japanese Stagnation
Causes of Japanese Stagnation
Weak Corporate Governance
Corporate governance has been a major issue for Japan and has undoubtedly affected the economic
growth of the country. In 2012, what is considered commonplace in regards to corporate governance
in many countries, including Asian countries, is not the norm in Japan. For example, in countries
like India, China, and South Korea, companies are required to have at least one independent
director. In New York, a firm must have a majority of independent members in their board of
directors. According to a study in 2011, out of 1,668 Japanese firms only 34% had at least one
independent director. (insert citation). According to Yuko Kawamoto of Waseda University,
Japanese bosses argue that "similar rules in Japan would limit managers' freedom" (as stated in
"Back to the Drawing Board," 2012). Also in Japan, shareholders do not have any one to advocate
for them because boardroom committees have no legal status ("Corporate Governance in Japan,"
2012). All of this, coupled with Japan's culture of foreign exclusion, is a big problem for the
country. By not paying attention to its competitors, especially in Asia, and not expanding the culture
of their corporate boards, Japan is missing out on many opportunities to look beyond their borders
and successfully grow their economy.
Weak Banking Sector
During the 1990s, Japan began to experience a slow decline in the health of its banking sector,
which ultimately led to a banking crisis in
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The World 's Economic Superpower Essay
War has a way of bringing economies out of trouble. World War II for example, brought the United
States out of the great depression and cemented them as the world's greatest economy. War,
however, has no place on the horizon for China if they want to become the world's economic
superpower. China relies too heavily on foreign influence and investment to take a risk on
nationalistic or militaristic gains. While there are some pro–conflict forces who have power within
China, these desires will go unrealized as long as supreme leader Xi Jinping is in power. He
understands the interests of China as how important it is for them to maintain positive international
relationships, especially with technically advanced nations such as Russia and the United States.
The vast extent of international trade through globalization, the large quantity of foreign investment,
and the need for peaceful growth all motivate Xi Jinping to overpower the war–prone forces among
ruling groups in China and keep the country on a path towards prosperity, not war. As one of the
great producing nations on this planet, China needs to maintain open and free trading throughout the
world. This open trading and globalization has greatly benefited China as jobs are created and
wealth and power sees unprecedented growth in the country (Wang 234). Beyond increasing
prosperity, China's trade network has given the CCP the opportunity to "borrow the institutions and
emulate the practices of the industrialized

Essay on Asian History: Who is Hu Jintao?
Who is Hu?
"Only reform and opening up can develop China. We must not be afraid of any risks, and not be
confused by any distractions" (Hu Jintao). The development of China has been a millennium long
process including both high and low moments, but could not have been achieved without the
structural leadership from the government. One of the most important figures in Chinese history for
leadership was Hu Jintao because he created a method of harmonizing the country against
corruption, established political connections, and exploited the effects that Communism has on the
mobilization of China.
Hu Jintao was born on December 21, 1942 in Taizhou, China. His father is Hu Jingzhi, and his
mother is unknown, but died when Jintao was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thanks to the help of Song and the Deng family, Hu was able to achieve the title of Vice Senior
Chief of the Department within one year. Many opportunities came about from his two major
influences including training at the Central Party School, and rapid promotions (Davis, 2008). The
hard work paid off in 1981 when Hu was appointed as Secretary of the Communist Youth League
Central Committee.
Perhaps the largest obstacle that Hu had to overcome during his early years at gaining recognition,
was the death of his father. The year was 1968 in the midst of the Cultural Revolution when "Hu
Jintao's father was arrested for 'capitalist transgressions.' He was publicly tortured in a 'struggle
session,' and endured such harsh treatment in prison that he never recovered". As the revolution
came to an end, the impending death of his father was concluded. Hu would later spend the next few
years trying "to persuade the local revolutionary committee to clear Hu Jingzhi's name" (Fewsmith,
2008). With the death of his only remaining blood related family member, Hu would seek to end the
series of events that caused his father to be killed. This would be his motivation and inspiration to
yearn forward and make his father proud.
"During the past 10 years under the leadership headed by Hu Jintao, China has achieved an
extraordinary degree of success: greater, in practical terms, than any other country on Earth has
managed to notch up"(Successes and failures: Hu

Xi 's Consolidation Of Power : Why China May Define Our...
Xi's Consolidation of Power: Why China May Define our Future World Order On October 27th
2016, the world watched as China officially named its President Xi Jinping the 'core leader' of the
Chinese Communist Party (CCP) at the Sixth Plenum of the 18th CCP Central Committee. In the
new directive released through state media, all party members should "closely unite around the party
center with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core...and unswervingly safeguard the party leadership's
authority and centralized unity." It is not simply a trivial label – it is a title that has significant
symbolic and historical meaning – one that could potentially signify the rise of a new China in the
immediate future, a China that could wield more power on the global stage than ever before
anticipated. The world must watch out; this latest power shift in Asia is not an isolated one, it marks
the beginning of a crucial and changing dynamic in the world's balance of power which highly
favours Chinese influence. The West has failed to adapt to or contain such a dynamic – and has
perhaps even facilitated it, albeit unwittingly. Perhaps the single most significant implication of this
new title 'bestowed' upon Xi is a historical one. The term 'core leader' has not been in use since the
post–Cultural Revolution period in China, when then–leader Deng Xiaoping used it in reference to
Mao and his own successor Jiang. What is different in this current context is that unlike the previous
three 'core leaders', the

Sci Damath Andoroid Game
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION This chapter will show the different content such as project context,
project description and purposes, project objectives, project scope and limitation, project definition
of terms that are directly related to the project. It will discuss in detail the aim of this study and the
goals behind it. Project Context As time passes the type of information that user need to often
changes in order to make information more convenient and easy to produce thus mobile devices are
invented. A mobile device is a computing device small enough to hold in the hand. One popular type
of mobile device is the mobile phone. Android phones are very popular now a day. Every month
there are new releases of the newest model and brand. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Developer It will help the developer in exploring and studying other possibilities of controlling
some computer function using Android application. User This will help the users to lessen the time
and find a better way in searching information about herbal medicines. Future Researchers This
serves as related study providing reference that may be used in other researchers and it add interest
and insights about the application of different Android operating system Objectives The general
objective of this study is to create a game of computer terms that can be used in android operating
system. Specially, it aimed to: 1. To analyze the hardware and software that we need to use to create
our system. 2. To give hassle free and to have instant and compatible application in mobile phones.
3. To evaluate an application that is approved not only to the students and faculty but also to the
people that can use the application in terms usability, design, user–friendliness and error handling.
Scope and Limitation The study covered by computer terms and their definition but was limited to
one thousand (1,000) computer–related or information technology terms as well as their definitions.
It is smartphones software application that gives entertainment and knowledge while you playing
this application. It can provides attractive design that will help to

Love in a Fallen City
"Love in a Fallen City" written in 1943 by Chinese writer Eileen Chang(1920–1995). Eileen Chang
is one of the most writers of twentieth– century in China. She was born into an aristocratic family in
Shanghai. Chang's grandfather is Hang peilun who is son in law to Li hongzhang, an influential
official in Qing dynasty. Her grandmother Li juyu is the oldest daughter of Li hongzhang. Chang
studied literature at the university of Hong Kong. However, in 1941 Japanese attacked on Shanghai,
and she had to returned to occupied Shanghai. At that time, she was able to publish some stories and
essays which made her to be a literary star. But, due to some reason that The rise of Communist
influence made a difficult for her to stay in Shanghai, and she ... Show more content on
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Therefore, they meet in a hotel to infight who will first hunting each other's heart. However, this just
a silent war and no results and no progress between their relationship. Then, Bai liusu decides to go
back to Shanghai and hopes that Fan liuyuan will follow her to go there. But during that time,
Japanese military occupied her hometown, and at that life–and–death matter' time Fan liuyuan
trying to protect Bai liusu, then they fall in love with each other and vow solemnly.
Many readers think Bai liuse's suffering is similar to Eileen Chang's experience when she was
young. And Eilleen's fallen is started from the time when she born. That way, Bai liusu has a poor
family and when Eileen born, her whole family already declined. However, Eilleen's parents marital
status also conform with Bai liusu who is a divorced woman's identity. During this situation,
Eileen's character become cold and introvert. She seldom talk with people, and she have a major
emotional upset. So, she use Bai liusu to be her character to show her inner thought. In this story,
Eilleen focus more on Bai liusu's tear and her inner thought which can let reader know Bai liusu
insists more is financial security and true love is not important to Bai liusu. And she has no hope
from love. Bai liusu just an ordinary selfish women at time time. Fan liuyuan a playboy who put the
woman as his mud under his feet. He does not want to gain love from any women. He hunts love by
some purposes, and he are

Political Elites And Non Elites Among Nations
Many consider political elites to be the upper echelon of society and of our generation. Specifically,
political elites in many countries around the world, regardless of the type of government they
possess, have the influence, wealth, clout, and savvy to determine the outcome of elections in
politics as well as impact the lives of the general population, given their respective countries.
Similar to the concept of Communism, the select few comprised of the elite group in certain
countries make the majority of the decisions with no consequences or repercussions; regardless of
how right or wrong that decision may be. The separation of elites and non–elites among nations is
extremely staggering mainly due to the fact that: the distribution of political power is skewed,
leaders and elites are conscious of what they possess politically, they are coherent within the realm
of politics (i.e. economic status, defense spending, campaign funding), conspire with one another
when decision making, and they answer to no one higher than them because of their status. Two
primary examples of countries with political elites present are China and Lebanon. Both countries,
although they may not solely advocate such status, tie in political elites with their respective forms
of government (Communism for China) and forms of religion (Confessionalism for Lebanon).
Moreover, although both countries possess the capacity and discipline to survive and thrive without
the presence of political

Essay about China: Threat or Friend?
China: Threat or Friend? If you input "China's GDP" by using a Google search, the first result jumps
into your eyes should be a chart presented by World Bank, which indicates how dramatically the
economy has grown in China from 0.10 trillion dollars in the year 1960 to 5.93 trillion in 2010. As
Professor Stephen S. Roach wrote in his article '10 reasons why China is different', China's economy
has made a break–through indeed due to its tremendous changes and unremitting efforts among:
"strategy, commitment, wherewithal to deliver, saving, rural–urban migration, consumption,
services, foreign direct investment, education and innovation. "（Stephen S. Roach ，10 reasons
why china is different ）So many cases illustrated how China's ... Show more content on
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The acquisition helped the company to dominate the majority of the personal computer market in a
worldwide situation and ranked top 2 from then on. The rising–up of its high technology of China
makes the Westerns feel that China's economic power has dominated the world already. Another
case can illustrate how strong China is should be the fact that China has become the biggest creditor
nation to the U.S. By simplifying this abstract "biggest creditor nation" definition, a mathematic
analysis may provide a lot of help: China has an estimated number of 1.4 billion people in its
territory, while the government loan China has brought from the U.S in late 2011 was summed
about 1.148 trillion dollars. That is to say, every single Chinese has an amount of 820 dollars of the
American government loan. Statistics are always the most persuasive evidences. To some extents, a
normal American middle class worker can hardly ever afford a home by asking for a loan without
China's help. China's rapidly economic development strengthens its international position and even
somewhat has improved the average quality of the whole world. Nobody can live without China.
But things are never easy especially to China–such a country with over population and ideological
incompatibility when we compare China with the Western value system. The outsides of China are
considering this ancient East nation as an awaken dragon. They get shocked a lot from its growth,
and the consequences in query

Similarities And Difference Between Xi Jinping And Deng...
Similarity and Difference between Xi Jinping and Deng Xiaoping
China is a vast country, but its long and unique history is inextricably intertwined with the countries
and peoples of its near neighbours in Southeast Asia. China has been successful in relations with
Southeast Asia during the reform era, and success has been due primarily to the quality of
diplomatic leadership. Diplomacy involves more than the tactics and style of pursuing national
interests. China's diplomacy has involved dominant personalities like Deng Xiaoping, who is a
leader of the People's Republic of China from 1978 to the early 1990s. Deng Xiaoping is the
paramount leader at the end of the 1970s. Bill Clinton, former US President said that "Mr. Deng's
long life spanned a century of turmoil, tribulation and remarkable change in China. China ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Until now, Chinese president Xi Jinping is putting developing good neighborly relations high on
Chinese foreign policy agendas. He also focuses on practical ideas to better economic, political and
cultural links with these nations, through mechanisms. For instance, in an effort to strengthen
economic and cultural links with Southeast Asia and beyond, Xi Jinping raised the idea of the "One
Belt, One Road" that links China with neighbors together in a community of shared destiny and
interest.
Xi's "Dream" and the rhetoric his team have deployed in presidential speeches (in public and behind
closed doors). President Xi has made considerable efforts to emphasize the importance of Chinese
culture to China today and to its future, exerting compatriots to demonstrate more pride in China's
culture, civilization and history. He also needs opened up China to the world. China's policy in
Southeast Asia focus on Peaceful Development and a Harmonious World (Government of China
2007) and the values of political equality, mutual benefit, 'win–win' cooperation, cultural exchange,
and

The Success Of Deng Xiao Ping's Impact On China
(Slide 1) From 1981 until the death of Deng Xiao Ping and the termination of Deng Era in 1997,
Deng Xiao Ping was the paramount leader of the People's Republic of China after Mao Zedong's
death in 1976. (Slide 2) The nature of Deng Xiao Ping and the period of the Deng Era came to
revolutionise China immensely and had the desire for progress and reform at any cost. Civil rights,
Economic reforms and International relations under Deng Era can be considered to undermine the
costs and benefits of Deng Xiaoping's modernisation of China. To seek further information, a major
focus questions was built, which is, to what extent, did Deng Xiao Ping have a positive impact on
China internally, economically and internationally after 1997? A hypothesis is created to answer the
question, that Deng Xiao Ping had a detrimental impact because he dismissed civil rights in China
internally, economically and internationally after 1997. Furthermore, the costs of China's reform and
progress had a greater role than the benefits during the Deng Era. Therefore, the effects of the Deng
Era, internally, economically and internationally had a greater cost impact than benefits on China.
Three focus questions were acquired for this investigation. (Slide 3) Firstly, to determine the costs
and benefits by Deng Xiaoping internally, I ask, to what cost did Deng Xiao Ping improve China?
What was the Tiananmen Square Massacre and did it have an impact? We need to know about the
Tiananmen Square Massacre. The

China After The Reform Area
Term Paper In chapter fifteen of our textbook, Understanding the Political World, it classifies China
as a 'transitional developed country.' More specifically, China is defined as one of the five BRICS
countries. These countries consist of; Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. The BRICS
countries do not share a global region, political systems, or economic systems. The textbook argues
that the three main goals of these countries are prosperity, stability, and security. In a 2015 article,
published in the Journal of Democracy, written by Carl Minzner, entitled China After the Reform
Area, Minzner articulates many of the same ideas about China that Danziger and Smith put forward
in the textbook about all of the BRICS countries. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
438) In chapter 15 of Understanding the Political World, the authors outline the main goals of the
BRICS countries. They believe that there are three major items on the agenda of each of the BRICS
countries. The first of which is prosperity, followed by stability, and last security. As these ideas
relate specifically to China, Danziger and Smith do not say much as to how China looks to become
a more prosperous country. The comment that they do make pertains to how China was able to
maintain an average growth of just over 10% annually in the economy from 1989 to 2010. They say,
"this has been particularly driven by the export of manufactured goods at prices that are highly
competitive in the global marketplace." (Danziger & Smith, pg. 437) In Minzner's article, he
attributes the economic boom that went on in China to "state–led investments in roads, airports, and
housing (which) had loomed large as drivers of economic growth." (Minzner, pg. 137) But he then
highlights how, after 2010, the growth rate of China's economy dropped and by 2012 it was at 7.7%
and continuing to fall. He gives a statement that blatantly explains why this took place. "Beijing has
systematically undercut its own bottom–up reforms." (Minzner, pg. 141) He explains this more in
depth, but his main argument is that whenever a

Protest Against The Chinese Communist Party
With thousands left wounded, a seemingly countless number of citizens reported dead, and a nation
left in shambles, the Tiananmen Square Massacre was an unforgettable and shocking event in
Chinese history. Its significance, however, lies not in the number of casualties but in the nobility of
its aspirations and the power of its legacy. The Chinese Communist Party claimed that the nation, of
long history and tradition, was better off following its own path of political dictatorship rather than
shifting towards Western influences such as constitutional democracy. However, through the
Tiananmen Square Massacre, it was revealed that the citizens longed for unification through
democracy, freedom and human rights. The massacre also exposed the ... Show more content on
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During Mao's time, he strongly stressed his principles of the "Great Leap Forward" and the
"Cultural Revolution". However, due to these philosophies, China's economic and social
foundations crumbled and was severely damaged. The country was severely poor and economic
production slowed. After Mao passed away, Deng Xiaoping emerged as Mao's successor. He
launched comprehensive economic reforms. These reforms aimed to decrease the role of the state in
the economy and gradually introduce private forms of production in agriculture and industry.
Because of these reforms, production increased by leaps and bounds and poverty was reduced
dramatically. However, there was a problem that was arising. There was a lot of corruption and
nepotism that was beginning to take over the economy. The gap between the wealthy and poor was
growing and people began to see it as unfair.
Government officials were divided over what direction they wanted to take the country. Reformers
pushed for political liberalization and a plurality of ideas while conservatives believed there was too
much reform and so greater state control was needed to ensure social stability to better align with
China's socialist ideals. These problems are what led to the protests of students and citizens. During
the time period in which the Tiananmen Square protests began, there were many viewpoints against
the government and their ideas. While

China is the world’s second largest economic power, one of...
China is the world's second largest economic power, one of five permanent members of the United
Nations Security Council and the only communist party–led state in the G–20 grouping of major
economies. China's communist party dominates state and society in China and is committed to
maintaining a permanent monopoly on power, and is intolerant of those who question its right to
rule. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP or Party) has been in power in China for 63 years, dating
back to 1949 by means of a civil war victory over the forces of Chiang Kai–shek's Nationalists. The
Party's 82.6 million members constitute approximately 6% of China's population of 1.34 billion.
Any Chinese citizen over the age of 18 who is willing to accept and abide by ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Bo had strong ties to senior military figures, posing the question about the loyalty of parts of the
military to the central Party authorizes (Lawrence& Martin, 2013).). China's new communist party
general secretary Xi Jinping raised hope for a change in the communist party's relationship to the
law back in December of 2012 when he called for full implementation of China's state constitution
and declared that, "No organization or individual has the special right to overstep the constitution
and law, and any violations of the constitution and the law would be investigated." Xi has also
repeatedly mentioned the need for the Party to police itself rather than allowing any outside body to
do so. The Chinese communist party dominates state and society in China. Its power rest on four
pillars: its control of China's approximately 2.25 million person–strong military, the People's
liberation army, its 1.5 million person–strong paramilitary forces, the people's armed police, and it's
800,000 other internal security forces. The people's liberation army is not a national army belonging
to the state. Rather it is an armed wing of the communist party, with the party's exercise of absolute
leadership over the military. The national people's congress oversees the state council, as well as
four other institutions: the presidency, the supreme people's court, the public prosecutors' office, and
the military(Lawrence&

Anti Corruption Of Chinese New Government
Deborah Zhao
04/21/2015
Research Paper
Anti–Corruption in Chinese New Government On 15 March 2012, Chongqing Party Chief Bo Xilai
was removed from his tenure on charges of bribery and abuse of authority. ()The incident of Wang
Lijun brought to the politburo more evidence that Bo Xilai was undergoing briberies. On 22
September 2013, after many trials, Bo Xilai's final destiny was to be sentenced as life imprisonment
for corruption, and the estimated amount of bribery was 8 billion RMB (BBC 11/11/2013).This
enormous number not only brought the attention of the inner party members but also frightened the
entire Chinese nation. However, Bo Xilai is just one of the many "Big Tigers" that Xi and his
increasing power were paying attention to, there are many more previously high–ranking trusted
officials that have proven to be corrupt. (BBC 11/11/2013). What happened to the system? When did
bribery start happening? Why isn't anyone taking any actions for this situation? Who is responsible
for the consequences? How can Xi change the current government with a better system and more
trustful reputation? While the last decade has seen tremendous economic prosperity in China, it has
also fostered series of widespread high–profile corruption scandals within the government.
Throughout the start of the Chinese civilization, China has always been ruled by monarchy. Even till
today, there is still a King–like figure who distributes orders and subordinate follows them. This is
where the

Singapore, Hong Kong, London And Frankfurt As An Rmb Hub
Sydney, if successful, will join Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong, London and Frankfurt as an RMB
hub. This move will put Sydney on the 'map' as a prominent financial centre globally and deepen
financial ties prior to the likelihood of the Free Trade Agreement ("FTA") between Australia and
China being signed in November this year. In light of these recent developments and proceeding on
the basis that the Australia–China FTA will happen, there is a clear need to critically analyse how it
will effect Australia's Financial Services Sector. I will discuss the internationalisation of the RMB
and how Australian banks will continue to take a more international outlook. I will discuss how
advances in technology will change how the financial services ... Show more content on
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History of relationship – A problem of trust
The plan for the Australia–China FTA was first crystallised in 2003 upon Chinese President Hu
Jintao's visit to Australia in October 2003.
Australia and China agreed to commence negotiations on the FTA soon after on 18 April 2005,
following consideration of a joint FTA Feasibility Study. The study was completed in March 2005,
and concluded that there would be significant economic benefits for both Australia and China as the
political conditions were 'mature' enough, and because Beijing and Canberra did not have
'fundamental differences'.
This study however did not foresee a global financial crisis or stable strength of the Australian dollar
and thus the real effect the FTA may have is still unclear. Regardless, China valued Australia as
offering first world goods and services without the 'political baggage that comes with Americans
and Europeans.While the FTA negotiations have taken a fitful stop–start routine over the intervening
years and despite Clive Palmer's recent criticism towards the Chinese suggesting that they were
'mongrels' who 'shoot their people' and 'haven't got a justice system', Australia's Abbott Government
has recognised the importance of Australia's relationship with China. Prime Minister Abbott has
been a quick learner in areas of international trade negotiations. He supported views recently in his
speech addressing

Pestel China
Understanding China's Political System The Chinese Communist Party (CCP or Party) has been in
power in China for more than six decades, a record of longevity that rivals and could one day
surpass that of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.2 The CCP assumed power in 1949 by
means of a civil war victory over the forces of Chiang Kai–shek's Nationalists, who moved the seat
of their Republic of China government to the island of Taiwan. The Communists named their new
regime the People's Republic of China (PRC). Although the CCP has been continually in power
since, China's political institutions and political culture have evolved significantly over those
decades, with the CCP's willingness to adapt helping to explain why it has, ... Show more content on
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The views of China's next leaders on the subject remain unknown. The Chinese Communist Party
(CCP) The Communist Party's 80 million members constitute approximately 6% of China's
population of 1.34 billion. Any Chinese citizen over the age of 18 who is willing to accept and abide
by the Party's constitution and policies, which include a requirement that Party members be atheists,
can apply for Party membership. In 2010, however, of 21 million applicants, just under 15% were
accepted. The Party is heavily male, with female members making up less than a quarter of the
total.29 Party membership is considered prestigious, although not to the degree that it was in earlier
eras. Every Party member, irrespective of position, must be organized into a branch, cell, or other
specific unit of the Party to participate in the regular activities of the Party organization. Party units
exist in all official and semi–official organizations and institutions, including state–owned
enterprises and universities. As of 2010, they also existed in more than 400,000 private businesses
and foreign–owned enterprises, and the party has sought to establish them in social

China 's Peaceful Development Foreign Policy
Question
Critically analyse China's "Peaceful Development" foreign policy in relation to China's 2015
Defence White Paper
Student: LTCDR Duncan Mackenzie, RNZN
ID Number: 02240785
Paper Details: 149.701: The NZ Strategic Environment –Essay One
Teacher 's Name: Dr Anna Powles
Due Date: 13 July 2015
Introduction
Traditionally, international politics have been dominated by Eurocentric ideals and 'Western
Hemisphere' interpretations. Rule by Roman Empire, European Coloniser and more recently, United
States (US) hegemons, has dominated in the defining of power, diplomacy and sovereignty
throughout Western history. For most of its own lengthy history, China developed in the shadow of
the Western Hemisphere, shaping its own course from its Neolithic routes around 12,000 years ago
year; rising and falling several times since Yu the Great started the Xia Dynasty in c. 2070 BC. On
the back of its most recent rise as a result of economic reforms in the late 1970s which introduced
China to the world economy, in a little under forty years China has emerged as the world's second
largest economy which will soon challenge a declining US. Alongside its economic rise, China's
prominence in the traditionally Western–dominated international political arena has also risen, to the
point where every move – from changes to policy to military action – has potentially global impacts,
and is thus scrutinized. In order to allay concerns around China's transparency,

Business Skills in China
Throughout the 19th century, China's leaders have been of older age until the Politburo standing
Committee decided to search for intelligent and younger citizens to become the 4th generation of
The Communist Party of China. Along with many others Hu Jintao was chosen to be one of the
future leaders. Before becoming one of the most important people in China, Hu Jintao learned the
values of business. These business skills taught by his working–class father conveyed well into his
style of running the country, like a business. Hu's Aunt had been his primary caregiver through his
mother's passing when Hu was just 7. Years later Hu Jintao's father was denounced in the Cultural
Revolution causing a deep effect On Hu, enough so he tried to clear his father's name. Throughout
Hu Jintao's childhood he gained an understanding of both the people in his village and the country.
Even with his families economic stature, Hu Jintao received a good education. Hu started his
schooling in his home town of Taizou where he obtained primary and secondary education. There
Hu was a gifted student who enjoyed the arts as well as math and science. while excelling in all
aspects of school Hu was interested in other things such as engineering and politics. Following his
interest in engineering, Hu attended Tsinghua University in Beijing during which he joined the
Communist party of china. Once Hu had graduated in the field of hydraulic engineering he was
chosen and promoted by Song Ping,

History 261
Compare the political leaders profiled in Susan Lawrence's article "The New Guard: Five Younger
Officials Make Their Way to the Top". According to Lawrence (1998), the future of China will
largely depend on its top leaders. Their priorities, reputations, and ability to get local officials and
society at large to support their policies will shape the course of future events. At the vanguard of
the group of up–and coming leaders is Hu Jintao, who joined the Communist Party's most senior
body, the seven–man politburo Standing Committee, at the age of 49 in 1992.
These new leaders are united in their commitment to ensuring the primacy of the Communist Party
and to implementing market–oriented economic reform. Trained as engineers ... Show more content
In 1998, Wen became both a politburo member and a vice–premier. As a geologist, Wen oversaw a
raft of big issues including agriculture, poverty relief, forestry and water resources. During this time,
Wen was named to head the party's new Central Work Commission of Finance. In that position, Wen
is leading a critically important overhaul and recapitalization of China's troubled banks, working to
clean up and stabilize the country's volatile securities market, and supervising a far–reaching
reorganization of the Ministry of Finance (Lawrence, 1998, p. 572).
Wu Bangguo, 57, was appointed to oversee the state–enterprise reform when the party established
the Work Commission on Finance. Wen had won high marks for his work in the financial sector, but
foreign observers were less impressed with Wu's leadership. Wu was a former Shanghai party chief
who studied radio electronics at Qinghua University. As a deputy party chief of Shanghai from 1985
to 1991, he served for a period under the party chief Jiang, and alongside, and then under Zhu, thus
Wu was a familiar colleague who they know would be loyal (Lawrence, p. 1998, p. 572).
The fifth rising leader if Jia Winglin, 58, who also serves as mayor and party boss of Beijing. The
least dynamic of the five, Jia was also a Jiang loyalist. An electrical engineer, he

Summary Of Red China Blues By Mao Zedong
On April 27, 1989, hundreds of Chinese protestors took a stand against the oppressive and corrupt
government to fight for reform and democracy by occupying Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China.
The protests were preceded by a memorial for Hu Yaobang, a Communist leader unpopular amongst
Party members for his liberal ideas and lack of enthusiasm for Marxism and Maoism. Marxism is
the political theories of Karl Marx which became the basis of Communism and the inspiration for
Mao Zedong to create Maoism. Approximately 100,000 students had traveled to Tiananmen Square
for Hu Yaobang's memorial. Following the memorial, students presented a petition to meet with
Premier Li Peng which the government refused. This led to a boycott of universities but also led to
more demand for democracy. Catalyzing the protests was the unfair treatment of the Chinese people
at the hands of the Chinese Communist Party. Along with students, civil servants, scholars and
laborers joined the protests, risking their lives, jobs and reputations. By June of 1989, negotiations
were in place to end the protests, now amounting to over a million people and for democratic
reform. Mao Zedong had ordered troops ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She also writes of her experience with Maoism, which she had worshipped as a student before
realizing the harsh realities and witnessing the Tiananmen Square Massacre. In one event, a fellow
student had asked her to help flee the country but under the influence of Maoism, Wong turned her
in to the authorities. She writes she still does not know what happened to the distressed woman after
she turned her in. Throughout her book, it is evident that she regrets some of her actions that were
misguided under the notion that it was for the better, although she says it was a major part of her life
so she doesn't know if she would change what happened or

China
CHINA
February 2012 EDC ECONOMICS
MARKET SPOTLIGHT: Real GDP grew 9.2% in 2011, a marked slowdown from the 10.4% pace
of 2010. A sharp slowdown in real estate construction activity, as a result of past excesses, and weak
demand from Europe will result in growth slowing to 8.0% in 2012, with the slowdown occurring in
the first half. However, inflationary pressures are abating rapidly, giving room to ease if necessary.
The key downside risk to the outlook is the impact of the real estate slowdown on the financial
sector and local authorities' fiscal position, both of which should be contained.
Economic
Credit Agencies Moody's: Aa3 S&P: AAFitch: A+ Nominal GDP (2010) USD 5,878 bn Population
(2010) 1,341.4 millions Total Trade / GDP ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Outlook: EDC Economics expects growth in China to moderate to 8.0% in 2012 from 9.1% in 2011
with a marked slowdown in real estate construction activity in the first half of the year and weaker
demand from Europe. Nonetheless, the slowdown is expected to be relatively short–lived with
authorities loosening monetary policy, leading to a resumption of credit flows and economic activity
in the second half and 2013.
Economic & Political Intelligence Centre
EPIC@edc.ca
Economic Indicators
06–10 avg. GDP (% growth, real) Inflation (%) Fiscal Balance (% of GDP) Export growth (%)
Import growth (%) Current Account (% of GDP) Reserves (month of imports) External Debt (% of
GDP) Debt Service ratio Currency (end of period) Sources: EIU, EDC Economics 10.4 3.2 –1.6
31.3 38.6 5.2 22.7 8.9 1.8 6.6 2011 9.1 5.7 –1.6 20.5 26.6 3.9 20.9 9.1 1.7 6.3 2012 8.0 2.8 –1.1 9.6
11.7 3.0 20.3 8.6 1.8 6.0 2013 8.9 3.5 –0.5 11.9 13.1 2.5 19.2 8.2 1.9 5.7 20 50 40 30 70 60
PMI – Domestic Demand Outperforms Exports
Sep/06
Sep/07
Sep/08 Output

Sep/09
Sep/10
Sep/11
Export Orders
Source : EIU – Haver Analytics
CHINA
February 2012 EDC ECONOMICS
General Political Environment: China is a one–party state with the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
controlling the government. The nine–person Politburo

Pestel for H&M in China
PESTEL China
1. Politics
Today's China is the most populous country in the world and is so one of the most important
political and economical forces in the world.
1.1. Country name
In English China is official called "People's Republic of China"
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the–world–factbook/geos/ch.html and in Chinese
"Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo" https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the–world–
factbook/geos/ch.html.
1.2. Capital
The capital of China is Beijing, which is located in the north eastern part of China. The city has 15,
5 million citizens and is the political center of China.
1.3. Government type
The Chinese constitution from 1982 says that China "is a socialist state under the people's
democratic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The State Council is represented by the premier who is "Head of the government" CIA, vice–
premiers, State councilors, ministers in charge of ministries and commissions, the auditor–general
and the secretary–general.
The Premiere is suggested by the president and verified by the congress. The other members of the
State Council are suggested by the premier and verified by the congress. The State Council's main
functions consist of implementing the "principles and policies of the Communist Party of China",
accomplishing the regulations and laws and "dealing with such affairs as China's internal politics,
diplomacy, national defense, finance, economy, culture and education". (Government)
In addition to that, the State Council has "the power of administrative legislation, power to submit
proposals, the power of administrative leadership, the power of economic management, the power
of diplomatic administration, the power of social administration, and other powers granted by the
NPC and its Standing Committee"(Government)

Central Military Commission
The Central Military Commission represents the military organ. Its main function is to command the
armed force in China. The Commission consists of a chairmen, vice chairmen and members and

Essay about The Media During the Tiananmen Square Protests
The Media During the Tiananmen Square Protests
There will always be talk about the biases of the media and the perspective in which it takes when
reporting the news; however, when the news is run by the government and the people who write the
news are threatened to withdraw from their positions because they will not write propaganda, it
becomes a serious issue that can lead a country into turmoil. Such was the situation in Beijing, the
capital of China, in 1989, during the student and worker protests at Tiananmen Square and the
ultimate killings that occurred on June 4th of that year.
The role of the Chinese government in the Tiananmen Square protests went far beyond their military
control and suppression; the government's role ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hu Yaobang, former secretary of the Communist Party, sympathized with the students and their
protests, and was subsequently fired from his post, and later died of a heart attack on April 15th,
1989, which started turning the wheels of protest.
In the weeks following Hu Yaobang's death, students would filter into Tiananmen Square, despite
government warnings, and stay overnight for Hu's funeral, and held a boycott of classes to demands
talks with the government; the government ignores the students and publishes an editorial on April
25th in People's Daily, the government–run news agency, saying that the protests were a conspiracy
against the Communist government in China. Because of that editorial, more students flood into
Tiananmen Square to demand talks with the government and the retraction of the editorial. More
was to happen in the coming weeks, including the commemoration of the May 4th Movement, the
development of a massive hunger strike, a visit from Mikhail Gorbachev with the government, the
meeting of Party officials with the students, and the infamous declaration of martial law and the use
of the People's

Communist Party And Anti Corruption
On April 17, 1989, thousands of student protesters flooded Tiananmen Square, Beijing, to mourn Hu
Yaobang's death. Yaobang was the former General Secretary of the Communist Party and also
served as a symbol of political reform and anti–corruption. The students asked the government to
end corruption and to give political and economic reform. Demonstrations spread to different cities,
with workers joining in. They complained about money and housing issues. The spread of the
demonstrations concerned Party leaders, who thought there was going to be rebellion from the
protesters. Li Peng, who ranked second in the Party, believed that they should "nip it in the bud,"
while Party General Secretary Zhao Ziyang thought that Yaobang's memorial ... Show more content
All this does is help demonstrations spread. At this point, foreign coverage of the demonstrations is
commonplace, but Party members cannot agree on how to handle the situation. With students going
back to their classes, the protesters didn't have any real leadership. Different factions did different
things. Tension arose in the Communist Party while preparing for Soviet Party Secretary Mikhail
Gorbachev's trip to Beijing. Xiaoping wanted to solve the protester situation peacefully, but at the
same time, he wanted them out of the Square for Gorbachev's arrival. However, this would not be
the case. On May 13, over 100 students in Tiananmen Square started a hunger strike in hopes for
talks with the leaders of the Communist Party, knowing Gorbachev would arrive shortly. On May
15, Gorbachev arrived in Beijing. He was there for the first ever Sino–Soviet summit since 1959, 30
years prior. Unfortunately for him, the strike made plans for him welcomed in the Square be
canceled. By the day after he arrived, there were at least 3,000 people that joined the strike, which
was humiliating to Gorbachev.
While this was happening, Zhao and Peng kept their respective stances; Zhao believed they should
listen to the people and make reforms, while Peng maintained that the protesters were no good and
that they were aiming to overthrow the Party. Xiaoping ignored

A True Story Of Ah Q
The two great writer in the Chinese literature history at the same time loop have some interact. Lu
Xun as one of the most influential writers that admired by people referred to the soul of the nation.
Ah Q as the main character in the novel named A True Story of Ah Q describes the time period back
to old China society which criticizes old Chinese society is filled with feudal, conservative, vulgar,
corruption and other social characteristics, effectively reveal the old people's life in hot water and it
is in pathology. Lu Xun wrote this novel in 1921, it takes background back to the time of the
revolution of China's rural, it describes the homeless guy Ah Q he has nothing and his name has
been forgotten. Eileen Chang also was one of the most ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The story of Ah Q was started in 1911 in a village called Wei Zhuang. Lu Xun gives Ah Q a lot of
ugliness and negative characteristics as a typical loser. He uses this character to reveal the
backwardness of old Chinese society. Lu Xun uses him to indicate the feudal mentality and dirty
mind of the Chinese people in that time. He wants to use this bad image to awake reader's mind, to
encourage readers to think and revolute the old's people's national soul and the fighting–for–life
mind. Through the Ah Q, who living in the temple, do the day labor work to survive, have no dream
and only has the will of full his stomach. He feels satisfied with little money, drink, and gambling.
Ah Q is not only satisfied with life and proud himself. From the aspect of spirit, he also has the
satisfaction of his own words and own mind such like "wide before", "my son will be much more
than it", or "go into a few times to the city."[ Foster, Paul B. Ah Q Archaeology. Lanham, MD,
Lexington Books, 2006.]He use his own way of spiritual victories by speaking in his mind that
makes him win with fighting with others. Ah Q is a bully man who loves to bully weaker people like
women, but he afraid who is stronger than him, no matter from strength on body or strength on
finance. He would like to take a bow for people who hold power. Ah Q is the person who believes
the will of power but also accepts the will of life. He is a real slave by life but envy and fear of the
master

Foreign Relations Between America And China
Jimmy Ji
AAS 390
"How would you rate Xi Jinping's visit to the US (Sept.24 & 25) on a scale of 1 to 10 where 1 is
'utter failure' and 10 is an 'unqualified success'? Provide detailed reasons in support of your answer"
On September 25th, 2015, Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to the United States in a
gesture meant to reciprocate United States President Barack Obama's trip to Beijing last November
in 2014. The visit served as an opportunity to bolster US–China relations and cooperation among a
variety of global and bilateral issues, endeavoring to close their discord and strive for progress. It
also served as a strategic move to improve the relationship between America and China so that they
stay on track with their Bilateral Investment Treaty negotiations. The two leaders both addressed
issues such as China's alleged cyberespionage, military relations, people to people exchange, and
China's act of intimidation in the off the Alaskan coast. Moreover, Xi Jinping intended to meet with
American tech leaders with a desire to boost the economies of both nations. The question at hand is
the measure of success this visit and to what extent it lived up to its intention of "expanding and
deepening cooperation". If I were to put this visit up to a scale of 1 to 10, I'd rate it a 7/10 which is
what I'd like to call "success with caution". There are many aspects of the visit that I believe greatly
improved US–China relations. On the other hand, there are gray areas

Bao Qin's Wild Swans
Throughout the last month of this class, we have had the privilege to read the book titled, Wild
Swans by Jung Chang. To the extent of the required readings of the book, I have analyzed the
context and have become aware that this piece of work was about much more than what life was
like throughout China and Japan between 1909–1949. This book specifically, was about the lives of
Yu–fang and Bao Qin. Both of these characters have been influenced by their culture and
surroundings in some way. For the purpose of this essay, I will be discussing why Bao Qin, formally
known as Wild Swan, preferred the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to the Kuomintang (KMT)
based solely off of her experiences, while also comparing and contrasting her choice to her ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the main reasons he joined because he viewed capitalism as an evil system that exploits the
poor and down–trodden. As a child, Comrade Wangs' father died of overwork and strain because he
was trying to take care of fifteen dependents during a great depression and with heavy taxes. Their
family business ended up being sold to pay off the debts, and this scattered the family. I imagine he
wanted a new revolution for China where everyone would be based upon equality. Once he came in
contact with fellow Communist members, I assume he felt a connection with them, knowing that
there should be a change in society. If Communism would have been active in his childhood, his
family would not have been separated and who knows how much longer his father could have

Xi Jinping : The Father Of Fuping Country
Background
Xi Jinping is a native of Fuping County in Shaanxi province but was born in Beijing on 15 June
1953. Xi's father, Xi Zhongxun, was a renowned revolutionary and a political leader of the country
who was serving as the director of the Central Propaganda Department in Beijing when his son was
born. Xi Zhongxun's legacy looms large in CCP history, his contributions include the establishment
of communist guerrilla bases in the northwestern China in the 1930s, fighting against the Japanese
and Kuomintang armies in the 1940s, the stabilization of Tibet and Xinjiang in the 1950s, and the
initiation of economic liberalization in the southern China in the 1980s.
Xi Jinping is the second son of Xi Zhongxun with his second wife Qi Xin. When Xi was a young
child, Xi's family was very affluent and lived in Zhongnanhai leadership compound next to the
Forbidden City. However, in 1962, Xi Zhongxun was accused by Mao Zedong of forming an anti–
party clique and purged from all leadership positions. Consequently, the family was kicked out from
Zhongnanhai and lost much of their wealth and status. In 1965, Xi's father was sent to Luoyang in
Henan as the deputy manager of a tractor factory. His mother was also sent down to a work camp in
the countryside in 1966 when Mao launched the Cultural Revolution. His father was further
punished in 1968 and was finally jailed.
In 1969, Xi's secondary education was cut short when he was sent down to Liangjiahe village in
Yanchuan County, Shaanxi province. The 15–year–old Xi Jinping did hard labor making a cave his
home with bricks as his bed and buckets as his toilet. Later, he became the party secretary of the
production team in the village. Xi has acknowledged on numerous occasions that those six years
working in the countryside were the "defining experience" of his life and career. He made several
life–long friends with fellow sent–down youths such as Wang Qishan and Wang Chen. When his
father was freed from jail in 1975, Xi was selected as a "worker–peasant–soldier" student and
entered Tsinghua University, one of the most prestigious universities in China, without taking the
National College Entrance Exam. He studied Chemical Engineering at Tsinghua and roomed with
Chen Xi,

Analytical Differentiation Of 1 Alkyl 3
Draft 5 Analytical Differentiation of 1–Alkyl–3–acylindoles and 1–Acyl–3–alkylindoles: Isomeric
Synthetic Cannabinoids Jack DeRuiter, Forrest T. Smith, Karim Abdel–Hay and C. Randall Clark*
Department of Drug Discovery and Development Harrison School of Pharmacy Auburn University
Auburn, AL 36849 * Corresponding Author: Professor C. Randall Clark, Ph. D. clarkcr@auburn.edu
phone 334–844–8326 fax 334–844–8331 Abstract The 1–alkyl–3–acylindoles and the inverse
regioisomeric 1–acyl–3–alkylindoles can be prepared directly from a common set of precursor
materials and using similar synthetic strategies. The EI mass spectra for these isomers show a
number of unique ions which allow for the differentiation of the 1–alkyl–3–acylindole compounds
from the inverse regioisomeric 1–acyl–3–alkylindoles. The base peak at m/z 214 in the 1–n–pentyl–
3–benzoylindole represents the M–77 cation fragment resulting from the loss of the phenyl group
and this ion is not observed in the inverse isomer. The 1–benzoyl–3–n–pentylindole inverse
regioisomer shows a base peak at m/z 105 for the benzoyl cation. Thus, these two base peaks are the
result of fragmentation initiated at the carbonyl–oxygen for both isomers. The 1–pentyl–3–
benzoylindole is characterized by the strong intensity carbonyl band at 1703 cm–1 while the amide
carbonyl appears as a strong band of equal intensity at 1681 cm–1 in the 1–benzoyl–3–pentyl
regioisomer. 1. Introduction A number of synthetic cannabinoids including

Companies Don 't Understand China, Says Kpmg
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This essay will mainly talk about an article taken from The Australian titled, "Companies don't
understand China, says KPMG". The main challenge faced by Australia in doing business with
China is the cultural barrier, particularly the language difference. Additionally, Australia also has
limited experience with and information on Chinese business customs, in comparison with other
countries. Besides analysing the issues highlighted in the article, factors that also led to these issues
will also be discussed. This essay will link some relevant theories learned from International
Management subjects, such as Cross–Cultural Communications, Managing across Culture, and
Conflicts of Cross–Cultural Communications. Strategies such as learning Chinese language and
culture, joining the KPMG China Confidence program and increasing awareness of the ways China
prefers to conduct business will also be discussed. In the last section of this essay, conclusion will
be given.
China has one of world's largest populations and, in the last few decades, the world's fastest
economic growth. Large numbers of other major Western countries compete to invest and
collaborate with China. However, due to the cultural differences and language barriers between
Eastern and Western countries, issues often arise and can lead to conflicts if cautionary steps are not
taken. This essay will discuss some issues, causing factors, theories and strategies related to an
article taken from

Causes Of Japanese Stagnation

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