this slide for biology students and helpful for intermediate and bachelor level students. students can learn about air pollution very easily. it gives a detailed description of air pollutants, their causes, and preventive measures with a clear photograph.

1. Environmental pollution
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2. Definition
Pollution is addition of foreign matter to the natural environment to a degree which is
insupportable by nature.
Air, water, and soil are the major component of biosphere, on which human life
dependent but with rapid industrialization and urbanization in the name of progress and
development, degradation of air, water and soil is now increasing.
So the purity of these components to a degree that human life is adversely affected.
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3. Pollutants
A pollutant is a toxic agent like germs in sewage, chemicals in the effluent, pesticides of
agriculture, and gases of the air.
A pollutant is a substance which may alter environmental constituents or cause pollution.
By definition a pollutant is anything including a chemical, geochemical substance or a
biological product that deteriorates our natural environment.
Pollutants are residues of the things we make use and through away.
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4. The pollutant categories into two types
Degradable Pollutant: A degradable pollutant can be decomposed, removed or
consumed and this reduced to acceptable levels either by natural processes or by human
engineered system such as sewage treatment, as long as the systems are not
overloaded.
Non-Degradable pollutant: These are not broken down by natural processes, e.g. lead,
aluminum, mercury, DDT etc. they are not cycled in ecosystem naturally.
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5. Air Pollution
Air pollution can be define as “the presence of one or several substances in the external
atmosphere, introduced by man to such an extent as to effect health and welfare of human
system and the life in the atmosphere.”
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6. Sources
Air pollution is being done mainly due to gaseous products from industry, thermal power
stations, automobiles combustion processes, fire etc. Some source of air pollution is:
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7. Cont ……..
a) Industrial units: fluoride, nitric acid, iron-steel, chloro-alkali,cement, mineral acid plant and
industries are most common sources of air pollutants. These emits a variety of pollutants in
the atmosphere specially oxides of carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur.
b) Thermal power plants: thermal power plants of are main source of dust, carbon oxide,
aldehydes, carbon, hydrocarbon, ash etc. are the common emission of power plants.
c) Automobile: Gasoline used in automobiles as fule produces carbon-monooxide,
hydrocarbons, lead compounds, carbon particles and some carbonyl compounds in the
atmosphere. They are the major source of air pollution.
d) Mining: The intensive coal minings of world also the main cause of air pollution.
e) Other sources: the other sources of air pollution are solid wastes, radio-active natural
sources, viable particles, odour pollutants etc.
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8. Pollutants may be………
Primary pollutants: these are directly produced as a result of interaction between two or
more primary pollutants e.g. nitrogen peroxide, ozone, sulphur trioxide etc. or those which
directly come out from different sources e.g. SO2 from H2SO4 industry.
Secondary Pollutants: They are photo chemically active and responsible
for the formation of smog or which are formed in the atmosphere from
primary pollutant e.g. H2SO4 from SO2.
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9. Effect of pollution
Ozon layer effect
Global warming
Health problem
skin cancer, can damage in cornea.
Reduce the crop production.
Carbon monoxide cause difficulties in respiration, hearing, and in nervous
system when its level increases in air.
It also causes leaf curling, leaf dropping and reduction in leaf size in plants.
SO2 damages higher plants by causing neurotic lesions on leaves. In human it damage skin,
mental disease, respiratory problem etc
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11. Preventive measures
Public awareness programs should be lunched.
The alternative source of energy like solar energy, wind energy, electric energy etc.
should be used in place of coal, wood, oil etc.
In industries the air filtration technique should be used.
Population growth rate should be controlled.
Plantation should be done.
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