Characteristics of Dolphins

Essay on Characteristics of Dolphins
Characteristics of Dolphins
The majority of small tooth whales are called dolphins. "Dolphins are mammals of the order Cetacean and the families Plantanistidae and Delphinidae
and include about 50 species" (Internet 1). Most dolphin species are about 6 feet in length, the males averaging 4 to 8 inches longer than females. The
longest dolphin, the bottle–nose dolphin, can reach over nine–feet in length and weight up to 440 pounds. The smallest dolphin species is the buffalo
which is found in the Amazon River. The Buffalo dolphin rarely grows over 3.9 feet or weighs more than 66 pounds. A dolphin's diet consists mainly
of herring, mackerel, and sardines. "Some species however, prefer squid, shrimp and other ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A dolphin's normal "cruising speed" is about 23 to 25 mph, and if they are bow riding, they have been known to get up to 30mph. Because dolphins are
mammals (warm blooded) their internal temperature is between 97.9o to 99of. They normally come to the surface to breathe about every two minutes.
Each breath consists of a short, almost explosive exhalation, followed by a slightly longer inhalation. Dolphins can hold their breath for up to several
minutes and are capable of rapid and deep dives of more then 1,000 ft. Dolphins once were hunted commercially, for the small quantity of valuable oil
extracted from parts of the head and used to lubricated delicate watch mechanisms. Since cheaper oils have now been found from other sources,
dolphins are no longer hunted for this reason. Many dolphins, however, become accidentally trapped and drowned in tuna nets. "Between the years
1959 and 1972 an estimated 4.8 million dolphins died this way" (www.thedolphinplace.com/facts.html). Because of the pressure from animal rights
activists and United States consumers, both domestic and international tuna canners have refused to accept shipments from fishing fleets that do not
protect dolphins. "The Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, amended in 1988 and 1992, was passed to prevent
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Argumentative Essay On Whaling
An Exemption For Whaling
For this week's written assignment, I have chosen to address the Norwegian and Japanese positions on permitting whale hunting as a cultural
exemption. As someone who was born in Norway, and has visited several whaling towns, I feel that I have some idea of the importance ofwhaling to
Norwegian cultures and national identity. Although Japan is culturally and geographically a very different place to Norway, I feel that the importance
of whaling to both cultures provides some similarities between the two nations.
1. Do you agree with the Norwegian and Japanese position on permitting the hunting of non–endangered species of whales as a cultural exemption?
I find this particular question a difficult one to answer. Whaling is a notoriously cruel method of hunting – "there is no humane way to kill a whale at
sea. Many die a slow, painful death" (Whale and Dolphin Conservation, n.d.). There is also concern from whale scientists about the effect of the hunting
of whales on whale communities and populations (Whale and Dolphin Conservation, n.d.). It cannot be denied that whaling is an inhumane process,
with serious repercussions for the whale species.
However, I do feel that Norway and Japan should be able to exercise their right to self–determination (as expressed in the UN's Universal Declaration of
Human Rights). Both countries argue that whaling is crucial to several of their local communities. The North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission
states

Whale Persuasive Speech
To many, the thought of eating whale meat might seem strange, as they are not accustomed to consuming this kind of meat, while to others eating cow
(beef) is a strange and cruel thing to do. Around the globe, there are different ways that individuals support themselves financially, and different foods
that are consumed. Cultural practices are what sets each group of people apart and make us unique, neighboring counties should not be allowed to
change century–long practices as they see fit. Per the WDC "Whaling is cruel and unnecessary and must stop. Commercial whaling is effectively
banned. Trade in whale products is forbidden. Yet, every year, Japan, Norway and Iceland kill around 1,500 whales between them. They defy
international bans and global opinion and they hunt whales even though there is little demand for the meat." (WDC, Whale and Dolphin Conservation,
2017) Since the WDC, Whale and Dolphin Conservation, was founded in the US and eating whale is not a part of its culture, it comes across as cruel.
The question that one needs to ask is what difference is there in catching a whale for food versus catching mackerel or consuming beef? A mackerel is
a non–endangered species, but yet it is allowed. Japan and Norway should be allowed to continue their practices on a cultural exemption. Sovereignty
can be defined as supreme and independent power or authority in government as possessed or claimed by a state or community (Dictionary.com, 2017).
With the

Should Whaling Be A Whaling?
The topic I'm going to be talking about it whaling, the question you may be asking is what is whaling? Whaling is the process that is mainly done
by Japanese ships where they hunt and kill whales for their meat, oil and bones. Here is a little background on why the Japanese killed the whales.
The Japanese has been killing whales for hundred and hundreds of years, so much so that it is part of their history. Whaling was a very important part
of Japan before and during the WWII, when whale meat made up for one–quarter of Japan diets because it was so easy to get and it was very cheap.
Now they didn't really use the whale meat as much, they mainly use the whale oil for everyday products, ingredient for different foods, lubrication
for motor parts. This may be great for the Japanese, but they are not serving the common good for the animal. They are killing an innocent animal
for their parts, which is not good. People don't realise this because yes it's an animal but it's not a pet. Ok put your hand up if this was a household
pet would you fight a little more to stop whaling from happening. I think this is the problem people would have more of a problem if it was a dog
or a cat because they are a part of family homes and they have the emotion behind it, but whales also have the same right to be free and to be given
the same dignity as a family pet or a person. The Japanese ship is doing the opposite of the common good, not just in killing the whales, but in how
they are

Anthropogenic Impact on Marine Environment and Consequent...
CONTENTS
1.Introduction
2.Impact of Anthropogenic activities on marine environment
3.Degradation of marine environment
4.Pollution of the Marine Environment
5.Classification of marine pollution
6.Effects of Marine pollution
7.International Instruments designed for the protection and preservation of marine environment
8.Possible Mitigative Measures
9.Conclusion
10.References
Introduction
An extreme range of environmental problems is now the subject of serious international concern. These include atmospheric pollution, marine pollution,
global warming and ozone depletion, the dangers of nuclear and other extra hazardous substances and threatened wild life species. Some of the major
objectives of International ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Pollution of the Marine Environment
As per Article 1(4) of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea , 1982 (UNCLOS), "pollution of marine environment" means the
introduction by man, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the marine environment, including estuaries, which results or is likely to result
in such a deleterious effect as to harm living resources and marine life, hazardous to human health, hindrance to marine activities, including fishing and
other legitimate uses of the sea, impairment of quality for use of seawater and reduction of amenities.
Marine pollution is a serious ocean water resource challenge that can affect human and animal food resources. Unfortunately human activities are the
largest contributor and cause of problems resulting from the oceans being polluted. Furthermore, as the human population continues to grow and extend
the range of its activities, as well as increase its demands for marine goods and services, the world's oceans and coasts will be increasingly stressed. In
fact, growing coastal populations and overuse of marine resources are the main source of the problem. The pollution linked with rising coastal
populations, availability of inadequate treatment infrastructure of sewage and other waste handling facilities is putting at risk human health and

A Case Of Nuturant Care : Adoption Of A Presumed Delphinus...
SHORT COMMUNICATION
A novel case of nuturant care: Adoption of a presumed Delphinus calf by bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in Far North waters, New Zealand.
CH Petersa* and KA Stockina aCoastal–Marine Research Group, Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New
Zealand
Worldwide inter–specific behavioural interactions in the order Cetacea are diverse and often complex. Epimelatic care can be described as nurturant or
Succorant in nature. Adoption can be classified as nuturant behaviour, however very few examples of nuturant adoption have been reported among
wild cetaceans and even less between species. During routine dedicated transect surveys, an adult female bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) was
found in the presence of a young common dolphin calf that did not appear to be her own. This mother–calf–like relationship lasted 9 months until the
mother was sighted on multiple occasions without the calf. This paper describes repeated behavioural observations of apparent inter–specific
association, and discusses the "type" and potential function of this interaction.
Key Words: adoption, epimeletic care, nurturant behaviour, succorant behaviour, allomaternal care, allomother, alloparental, inter
–species, bottlenose
dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, common dolphin, Delphinus spp., Bay of Islands, New Zealand Introduction
Inter–specific behavioural interactions in the order Cetacea are varied and often complex, including

Anti Whaling Research Paper
I totally disagree with the Norwegian and Japanese position on permitting the hunting of non–endangered species of whales as a cultural exemption,
because first of whaling or hunting is cruelty, we should not have to kill animals, which can get disappeared after a while. Even though they call it a
research, hundreds of whales per year could not be hunted. In Japan, they say that, they had a tradition of whaling, but not all traditions are good, I
mean killing whales could not be a good tradition. There are many bad traditions in the world people were doing without knowledge, but the
governments or some organizations are working to prevent it. I believe that, this is one of the bad traditions of our world.
No, I do not think the whaling ban constitutes a violation of these nation's sovereignty, because it only provides prevention to some species, so that
they will not be in danger. It restricts the number of whales which may be hunted per year, and commands on which seasons of the year will whaling
be open or closed. In addition ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Then there should be some rules to guide all the people and bring them in common understanding. There need to be an international panel or board,
which can decide and give some decisions if they did not obey the rules. The most important thing is that people should not have fear to the rules,
instead of fearing to losing the species of whales, all people should believe that, these whales are the beauty of the sea and it is the responsibility of
everyone to protect them from disappearing. Today because it is theirculture, they are whaling, what about tomorrow when all the species are in
danger, what will they do for their culture, the people of these countries need to think this. So if everybody could understand this and knows his
responsibility, I am sure this will be solved in a short

The Cruelty Of Animals And Animals
Tons of people in the world that love animals and enjoy having their company. This is why most people have pets around their household. With
these pets we often train them to do special tricks for example with dogs, the classic 'shake' or 'rollover' is something owners love seeing. With every
new trick that they learn, we give them treats and lots of love. With the treat and love that we give our pets, they feel loved and happy, maintaining
their health and happiness and that also makes the owners happy. Unfortunately for other animals across the world, they are abused constantly to be fit
enough to do special tricks to entertain people. Many people enjoy seeing animals doing tricks and stunts, especially animals that are rare to be seen by
the human population. But what they don 't know is how harmful it is to the animals. From the constant abuse, these animals' life span are shortened
and more are getting hurt daily. These animals aren 't actors yet thousands of these animals are forced to perform meaningless tricks under physical
punishment. With places like SeaWorld and circuses, human trainers and performers choose to be there and entertain people while the animals that are
used in their facility have no choice and are forced to perform. While there are some laws and organizations that help prevent animal use for
entertainment, lack of awareness surrounding the issue has allowed the use of these animals to continue and remained unchecked. Marine parks, where
captive

Jap A Dominant Country Conducting Whaling Practices
I.Introduction:
For many decades, Japan is well–known as a dominant country conducting whaling practices for many purposes such as obtaining whale meat and oil
(Facts–about–Japan, n.d.). Whaling has been one of the most important industry in Japan since the WW II post–war that provides huge amount of
protein and helps fed Japanese citizens (Animal Planet, n.d.). It is believed that the coastal villages were where hunting whales was first claimed to
take place in–shore with hand–thrown harpoons, but it was not the main interest of many people (Whalingmuseum, n.d.). It was not until the 17th
century that whaling industry had a dramatic development due to an invention of hunting in groups of boats using net technique (Facts–about–Japan, ...
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1.Social:
It is evident that whaling practices can lead to a reduction in the population of whales, ecosystem degradation, and even cause the species to the brink
of extinction (International Whaling Commission, n.d.). The main factors causing the problem are over–exploitation, disturbance from whaling vessels,
entanglement in fishing gears, and environmental factors (International Whaling Commission, n.d.). According to the WDC (n.d.), more than 36,700
whales were killed after the 1986 moratorium in which Japan accounted for nearly 20,000 whales. The International Whaling Commission (n.d.)
reported that the common whales hunted by Japanese, which are Minke, Fin, Sei, Sperm, Bryde's and Humpback whales, were severely exploited and
depleting in terms of population in the Japanese whaling grounds before the 1986 moratorium. In addition, the operation of whaling fleets apparently
causing noise pollution affecting the communication process of whales and other marine species as well (Lian & Lu, n.d.). Whales are one of the
top–level animals in the marine food chain, therefore, a decline in whale population definitely have an impact on the marine ecosystem. Lian and Lu
(n.d.), have said that whale's dead body is a great source of food for the marine animals in a lower depth of the ocean. Thus, the more whales killed by
whaling practices, the less food for others sea creatures and organisms (Lian & Lu, n.d.). Also, nutrients in

The Unknown Slaughter : Animal Slaughter
Xandria Minnitt Eng. 132 Sec. 1 Dr. Deal Spring 2015 The Unknown Slaughter Many people in the United States view dolphins as something more
than just another aquatic creature. There is something very human like about them; their intelligence, curiosity, and kindness are all characteristics
that people can appreciate. To many people across the world dolphins are the fun and loveable mammals of the sea; and most of all, humans are
fascinated by their intellect. However, all across the globe dolphins are being slaughtered at a mass rate. Not only are they being killed, but they are
being tortured as well, dying slow and painful deaths at the hands of various hunters. This is because many people in other countries are unaware of the
truth... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Governments in countries such as Japan and Denmark are covering up the mass killings of the innocent creatures. People are convinced that
dolphins are being killed in a peaceful calm manner. The dolphins are being brutally murdered from September till March in areas such as Taiji,
Japan. The dolphins are being first captured by dive fisheries. According to, "Dolphin Meat Obtained In Japan Drive Fisheries", a dive fishery is
capturing fish (dolphins) by luring them to a cove or a harbor such in Tajii or Denmark. After they are lured into a secured area the dolphins are
brutally hacked, stabbed and attacked with spears. Often childlike screams come from the dolphins as they are being brutally murdered. The people
need to be educated that dolphins are in fact being killed a ferocious death at the hands of greedy hunters. Researchers at Save Japans' Dolphins report
that, upon being stabbed they do not die instantly, they instead choke on their own blood or suffocate because their blow holes are filled with their
own bloody water because they are not strong enough to resurface to dive. Often it takes minutes for them die. The slaughter of dolphins is also known
as "pest control". According to, Facts about the Dolphin Slaughter, people have been manipulated into believing that dolphins are eating all of the
native fish. The dolphins are not

Whaling In Japan Research Paper
Japan is one of the few countries that support the practice whaling. For decades, the country has continued to maintain its right to whale and shown
aggressively lobbying with the International Whaling Commission (IWC) for reconsideration of commercial whaling. Commercial whaling is a
practice that involves the hunting and killing whales for their oil meat, or whalebone. With their pro–stance on whaling, Japan has faced strong
international criticism especially from environmentalists and Western governments, which view Japan as obstructing international efforts to protect
these mammals. This paper will argue that Japan should not be forced to remove the practice of commercial whaling in order to satisfy the
international views. This is because ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Even with the court–ruled decision by the IWC, the opponents felt that it was not as decisive as they would have hoped for. The IWC has defended
most of Japan's whaling insisting to those that oppose that the research is solely for research implying that the majority of whales killed by Japan are
taken in an internationally designated haven, which Japan has chosen to ignore (MacKenzie). The idea of the "Whale Wars" is likely to continue by
animal rights activist and anti–whaling governments. The United Nation's International Court of Justice (ICJ) later ruled that Japan's scientific
research program JARPA II was not what it was suppose to be. This ruling has also barred Japan from whaling in the Antarctic (MacKenzie). This
ruling momentarily stopped Japan vessels from whaling. In June of 2014, the Prime Minister in Japan Shinzo Abe, showed defiance of the
International Courts' ruling as he was quoted in say "to aim for resumption of commercial whaling by conducting whaling research in order to obtain
scientific date indispensable for the management of whale," which is essentially saying Japan will continue to kill whales until it is proven that it is
okay to kill whales (Hays). The statements made by the Prime Minister were viewed as disappointment. Greenpeace

Southern Ocean Sanctuary
In an ever–expanding world where resource scarcity is discussed in side conversations and overpopulation is being combatted by concerned
nations, worldwide struggle of equal allocation of vital resources persist. Biological resources and biodiversity in general are at the forefront of
these concerns. Decreasing biodiversity does not just pose a problem for the plants and animals that are becoming increasingly endangered;
individuals who have constructed their livelihood around the availability of such resources face dire circumstances as scarcity arises. The greater the
variety of abundant plant and animal species present in the world, the greater the potential opportunity, opportunities such as medical discoveries and
newfound scientific knowledge that increase the sustainability of life on Earth. However, tragedy of the commons, has led to overuse of biological
resources across the globe, throwing the issue of sustainability into question. While species extinction is a natural process in the world ecosystem, the
rate at which it has increased is not. In the past 65 million years the rate of extinction has gone from one to five species per year to roughly 1,000 to
10,000 times that rate (Diversity, 2013, pg. 1). This is no longer a matter of natural selection; this is a matter of ineffective resource regulation
worldwide. Despite extensive amounts of environmental legislation actively in place, specie scarcity will continue to grow. The greatest challenge now

The Interesting Industry of Japanese Whaling Essay
If I had one year to learn more about a topic of my choice, I would study about the Japanese whaling industry. Although whale hunting in Japan began in
the 12th century, Japan's involvement in the whaling industry began in the 1890s. The international whaling industry functioned normally until 1925
when the League of Nations called for conservation measures in 1925. This eventually led to the Geneva Convention for the Regulation of Whaling in
1931, which was ignored by Japan and Germany. Instead, as whale catches diminished in coastal waters, Japanese whale hunters looked to Antarctica.
This started with the Japanese company Toyo Hogei K.K. purchasing the Norwegian ship Antarctic, renaming it the Tonan Maru.
However, World War II soon... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Japan joined the International Whaling Commission in 1951; however, Japan would later be criticized by environmental organizations and anti–whaling
nations for making heavy use of Article VIII of the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling which states that "Notwithstanding anything
contained in this Convention any Contracting Government may grant to any of its nationals a special permit authorizing that national to kill, take and
treat whales for purposes of scientific research subject to such restrictions as to number and subject to such other conditions as the Contracting
Government thinks fit, and the killing, taking, and treating of whales in accordance with the provisions of this Article shall be exempt from the
operation of this Convention."
As the commercial viability of large competing whaling fleets was diminished due to restrictions, six Japanese whaling companies agreed to merge
into one in July 1975. The government declared support for the new company, with Prime Minister Shintaro Abe saying, "We ask that the flame of the
whaling industry will not be put out and that you do your best to secure Japan's food supplies. The government will be doing all it can to actively
support your efforts." Eventually, the company merged with the Japan Whaling Association andInstitute of Cetacean Research to create the Institute of
Cetacean Research in 1987.

Whaling Persuasive Essay
Whaling is an old and inhumane practice that should be stopped. In fact the act of commercial whaling is illegal under international law. Japan still
continues this practice today, despite orders to stop given to the Japanese government by the UN's International Court of Justice in March of 2014
(WDC). Even before that ruling Japan has been asked by the international community to stop whaling, but they continued to do so through a loop hole
in the International Whaling Commission or IWC. That hole about the size of a loop, says that whaling for scientific research is legal. The Japanese
government should stop illegal practice of whaling because it is inhumane, these whales will go extinct if this continues, and we the international
community have already asked for this to stop. The act of commercial whaling is inhumane. Japan says that they are doing 'scientific research,' right.
Does the researched include all the economic data of how well whale meat sells domestically in Japan, along with all the other projects they make out
of the whale carcasses. There can be some understanding that people need to eat and humans have been eating animals since we have been on this
planet. People have domesticated some animals for this exact purpose. Cattle, pigs, and chickens being the main animals for this in the world. There is
some argument of this matter about how humane current slaughtering practices are, but I see as how much pain the animal must go through. With
these domesticated food sources, like with cattle they have this bolt pistol or some other conventional firearm, that they put up to the head of the
animal and fire it. This kills the animal instantly or renders it unconscious before the animal is bled. How does this relate to whaling; the time of
death. In whaling the whalers go into the ocean a shoot these harpoons with rope attached to it out of a cannon at the whales. At the tip of these
harpoons there is a grenade that detonates right after the impact inside the whale (WDCSUK). This would probably kill anything else instantly, but
since whales are so huge they have to wait a couple of minutes for the poor thing to bleed out. If whaling continues, the affected whale species will go
extinct. Here the

Cetacean Research: Whaling In Japan
Since the 1986 Whaling moratorium, scientific whaling is the only whaling that the IWC (International Whaling Commission) using the 1946
International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (ICRW) which allows a country's government to issue permits to use lethal methods as long as
the whaling is for science. Iceland and Norway were originally signatories of this ruling and stopped commercial whaling for a short period and only
had scientific whaling however they have since broken apart from the IWC and continue to whale commercially around their waters. Other countries
such as Canada and the United states are granted aboriginal rights for whaling in small numbers for tradition and ceremonies of certain communities
(CГґtГ© & Farvaro, 2016). Japan's scientific whaling program is the most active of all countries within the IWC. Since the 1986 moratorium Japan's
Institute for Cetacean Research has been granted 5 whaling permits. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Before the 1986 whaling moratorium Japan had one of the largest commercial whaling fleets although they also had a small scientific program.
From 1954 to 1986 Japans scientific whaling programs killed 840 whales globally for scientific research however after 1986 Japan's new larger
Scientific whaling program killed over 8321 for research in 18 years 1986–2004, almost a tenfold increase in half the amount of time. All other nations
undergoing scientific whaling research killed around 2100 whales between 1952–2005 (Gales, et al.,

Commercial Whaling and its Controversy
Many countries have been killing whales calling it "research". Many believe that commercial whaling is not okay and is killing whales off. The
international community has to make the choice whether we want to risk killing them. We should continue killing the whales at certain guidelines as to
how many each year. It is a part of some cultures and we should not harm that. There are a few positives that come from thewhaling. There is different
cultures that influence eating different kinds of foods. Some cultures do not understand the importance of whaling, many countries do not whale.
Many cultures think that whaling is part of their countries way of life (Skare). People in many U.S states hunt for many different animals, how is
hunting any worse than killing whales. Media plays a big role in making whaling out to be a very evil practice. Whale Wars sabotage the Japanese
ships that are whaling. Whale Wars throws stuff onto the ships deck. Whale meat consists of very high amounts of nutrients. For many countries
that eat a lot of whale it is easy access to nutrients. Whale is very high in protein. It is also very low in saturated fats which is really good to not
have(Nutrition Facts). They do not just kill whales they also do research on the whales and the populations. They evaluate the deep sea roles of
whales and the food chains (Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs). On the flip side there are a lot of very bad things that come from whaling as much
as some countries do.

Problems with the Japanese Whaling Industry
The Japanese whaling industry has thrived and flourished since its origin. The Japanese have depended on whales such as the blue, fin, sei, and
humpback whales. The issue at hand is that the demand for whale products and byproducts is so large that the numbers of these types of whales has
declined to near extinction levels. Without any care to the harm being done, the Japanese whaling industry has not shown any sign of remorse towards
this actions little has been done by the international community's to put an end to the elimination of these large and peaceful creatures. There have
been small groups of anti– whaling conservation. The groups have had many victories along the way by using their non– traditional methods and
sometimes generating violent tension between them and the whaling ships while in international waters.
Summary
This topic has generated research and observation in order to understand both sides of the whaling industry in Japan. First must take a look to the
history and background of the topic. The oldest Japanese book in existence, called the Kojiki, chronicled that the Emperor Jimmu, the first emperor of
Japan, ate whale meat (History of Japanese Whaling, 2013). Due to over 1,000 years of whaling in Japan, It has not been an easy task for the Japanese
people to ease up on this addiction to whale products. For centuries this industry has remained strong until recently attacks by conservation groups. The
international community has created the

Commercial Whaling
Make the case for the resumption of commercial whaling as an international policy. Commercial whaling has an abundant amount of utilizations. The
main utilizations include food use, commercial use (whale–watching), animal feed and fertilizer use, cosmetic use, and pharmaceutical use. While not
popular in most countries, countries like Alaska, Iceland, Norway, and Japan have whale meat on their menus. There are also other indigenous people
and people in Inuit tribes who depend on whale meat as their main source of food. Within the pharmaceutical field, Russia, Norway, and Japan are
counties that take on studies for the medical uses of whale. Some of these uses are whale oil (omega 3s acid) and whale cartilage (chondroitin 4
sulfate and proteoglycan).... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In my opinion, every species, including humans, is a part of the food chain. Whether or not humans are at the top of the food chain isn't what is
important when it comes to the relationship between us and whales. We have the technology and intelligence to kill whales and use them at
important resources, including food, wax (for candles and cosmetics), and pharmaceuticals. We should be taking every advantage we get to further
develop our knowledge of whale oil, meat, and cartilage. I believe that we should use every opportunity to better our lives, but that does not include
kill whales recreationally. There is no excuse for that, just like there is no excuse for kills of dogs, zebras, or pandas. Unless it is for survival, no one
should be killing an animal for "fun." That saying, there is a point when we will have to stop commercial whaling. The whale population has been an
interesting trend to research. Whale population has been very high and very low in the past couple centuries. My opinion is that we should have a set
number of whales that we can take out of the ocean each year. If that number starts to cause a decline in the population, it should be set lower. If the
population becomes endangered, I believe that whaling should stop immediately. I could imagine having to describe to the next generation what a
whale looks like because there aren't any to show

Environmental Impacts Of The Marine Environment
Introduction
Problem Statement / Definition of Research Area
This research will look into the problems caused by fishing. Human impact has proved to threaten the bio diversity of the marine environment. The
environmental impact of fishing can be divided into issues that involve the availability of fish to be caught, such as overfishing, sustainable fisheries,
and fisheries management; and issues that involve the impact of fishing on other elements of the environment, such as by–catch. This research is
connected to sustainability, and will look into the living and non–living things that menace the fish in the sea, along with the care resolution that will
foster the marine environments feasible future.
Rationale
The indicated matter was selected for the sake of the marine environment and its beautiful importance. A great deal of leisure time is devoted to
fishing both on land and sea. I love the bio diversity of the ocean and regard it as something that needs to be safeguarded.
This topic is also significant for my local community. The oceans species are all unique and many people fish illegally and without caution, therefore
we have an environmental responsibility in maintaining sustainable practices. Thus, significantly exploring the living and nonliving factors alarming
the ocean including the current policies enforced toward safeguarding the ocean is important.
Research Questions
1) What is overfishing?
2) What are the causes of overfishing?
3) How effective have the

Why Whaling Should Be Banned
Whaling is a practice that has been going on for a long time. Whales have provided many different products over the years. Whale fat broken down
for oil to light lamps. Whale bones were used at one point to make the hoops in skirts for fancy dresses. Whale meat used for well, meat. Many
activists say that whaling is inhumane practice that should be stopped. In fact, commercial whaling is illegal under international law and the only
whaling that is allowed for, is scientific research whaling. So, there is a grey area here that is under some controversy. Japan is in the center of this
controversy, for they are whaling in the name of scientific research, however they have a thriving domestic whale meat market. Is Japanese whaling
'scientific research' or an illegal meat packing business? Japan being an island nation has a long history of maritime industry, so that also includes
small time whaling. Japan started to do this industrial scale whaling operation right after World War 2 ended in 1945. I can see why Japan has been
fighting against the international community on this issue. After World War 2, Japan was devastated and meat or any source of protein was in short
supply. The Japanese people turned to whaling to make up for the shortages of meat. Whales are the biggest animals on the planet thus they have a lot
of meat on them. Whale meat has been entrenched into a staple of their diet and culture. Buying whale meat to the Japanese is like an American buying
a steak.

Whaling Needs to Stop
While you could argue that practically everyone who has gone through the American education system has at least heard of Moby Dick, the whaling
industry, a main element of the topic, is not so well known. Since the 12th century, hunting large mammals has been a very active sport. They would
fish foe whales, looking for the fat to make oil for lamps, candles, and soap.
Hunting whales was not on an industrial scale until the 1890's, and continued until the International Whaling Commission took effect in 1986. The
article refers to the unsustainability of whaling commercially. The number of whales in our oceans has been rapidly reducing in the years that
humans have had access to commercial whaling ships. Hunting an endangered species is highly unethical, because we could, within a generation or
two, see the fall of the largest beings alive today. The whales in our oceans belong to the whole world and not just to Japan and Norway. Even with
the restrictions by the IWC, Japan still continues for "Scientific Research". Scientific Research has recently been deemed illegal in the Arctic water,
but they have completely disregarded all sanctions put against them to try and stop the unethical whaling. Not only that they were importing whale
meat from Norway because of its lower prices there, the whale ban was executed to make all whaling illegal which Japan failed to recognise. 400
whales were killed a year and most of the meat ending up in fish markets and restaurants. The

The International Whaling Regime Essay
The International Whaling Regime
In his article, "Whale Mining, Whale Saving," Sidney Holt states, "saving the whales is for millions of people a crucial test of their political ability to
halt environmental destruction"(Holt 1985). In a world where environmental issues are often so vast that solving them seems impossible, it is rare to
encounter a regime which successfully addresses these problems. If we judge a regime's effectiveness by its ability to change the behavior of its
members and possibly even encourage others to join, then the whaling regime was in fact quite effective. The significant decrease in commercial
whaling brought about by the International Whaling Commission (IWC)'s 1982 moratorium is proof in itself of the ... Show more content on
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This stipulation proved important in the evolution of the IWC over time because as non–whaling nations began to join in the 1960s and 1970s, they
increased the pressure on the IWC to turn its focus from that of market regulation to a preservationist or conservationist standpoint (Andressen in
Implementation and effectiveness... 1998). But why would nations who did not participate in the whaling industry want to join the IWC? One reason
might be that IWC membership was an easy (and cheap) way to improve their reputation as "green–minded" without having to make any significant
changes in policy. Furthermore, the decades between the 1960s and 1980s saw an increase in the number of NGO's taking on the cause of whale
conservation which also drove the IWC to re–evaluate its goals and objectives. As a result, the IWC agreed upon a 10–year moratorium on commercial
whaling in1982 and put it into effect in 1986. The moratorium prohibited all commercial whaling, and granted certain quotas to indigenous peoples
who needed the whales for subsistence, and to scientific research efforts. After the10 year period, it was decided that a Comprehensive Assessment
would be conducted and enough data would be collected in order to reconsider the moratorium.
The moratorium proved largely successful in that many stocks of larger whales such as the Bowhead whale began

Is the Captivity of Killer Whales for Entertainment...
Is the captivity of Killer Whales for the entertainment of humans inhume?
Suppose you were kidnapped from your family as a child by an alien species while your family watched in despair, crying out helplessly for your
kidnappers to not rip you away from them. Now imagine then being strapped down and transported to a place unknown and once you arrive, you see
that some of the other children that were also kidnapped have died. You then witness something that will forever remain engraved into your mind; you
witness those monsters that took you hostage cut the children open, fill their bodies up with rocks, tie an anchor onto their feet and throw them into the
ocean. The monsters then throw you into a tiny cage; you learn that you will not ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are removed from their natural habitats and deprived of the ability to take advantage of their intelligence as well as freely engage in behaviors
that come natural to them such as choosing when and what to hunt, their social groupings, when to mate etc. which consequentially leads to both
physical and psychological damage. These showcases of whales desensitize both children and adults to animal mistreatment and inhumanity (Born
Free USA). The exploitation of Orcinus Whales is an act motivated solely by greed and carelessness. These animals are being held captive and taken
advantage of so that humans can be entertained for a short time and so that organizations can continue to feed off of their publicity and make millions
of dollars a year off of their pain and suffering. Although Orcinus Orca Whales are commonly referred to as Killer Whales because they are known as
powerful predators who "relentlessly [batter] their prey for hours at a time" (Robert L. Pitman), Orcinus Orcas are actually the largest members of
the dolphin family. According to the MarineBio Conservation Society, Orcinus Orcas can "reach a maximum length of over 9m and can weigh up to
7,257kg" (MarineBio.org) , which is equivalent to a weight of 15998.9 lbs and about 29.5ft in length. Killer whales can be found in all parts of the
ocean and in most seas from the Arctic to the Antarctic (NMFS: NOAA Fisheries). Considering the physical size of Orcas and the size of their natural
habitat

Ethical Issues Of Whaling Essay
Protecting Cultures from the Impacts of Globalization
For this assignment, I chose to write about the exemption for whaling issue. Whaling has existed in Norway dating back to the 9th century, and in
Japan it has existed since the 12th century. Today, although much of the whaling industry is centric around non
–endangered species of whales, the
practice raises an ethical debate worldwide. This practice is regulated by the International Whaling Commission (IWC).
Do you agree with the Norwegian and Japanese position on permitting the hunting of non–endangered species of whales as a cultural exemption?
Reading about this issue was particularly difficult for me from an ethical perspective. It is equally difficult deciding my position on the permitting ...
Does the economic impact of whaling on the small fishing villages weigh into your decision?
Not at all. In my opinion, ethical or moral issues cannot be justified by considering economic consequences. Throughout the history of the world, people
and communities have had to adapt to changing demands of people, circumstances, needs, threats and opportunities, and I think that ethical issues that
result from growth of our global culture should be no different.
How should these claims be balanced against world opinion – which is generally very supportive of the protection of

Essay on Is Whaling Humane?
Introduction
Whaling has become a global environmental issue as vast numbers of whales are killed commercially and scientifically every year. Intense debate on
the necessity of whaling has been stirred but failed to be resolved due to the lacking of pragmatic measures employed by the responsible parties.
Whaling nations continue to defend their whaling right for cultural and research purposes. Yet, ethical and humanity issues are among the controversial
disputes raised by concerned public. In February 2010, International Whaling Commission (IWC) proposed a plan of lifting whaling ban by limiting
scientific whaling activities with the intention of reducing overall number of whales killed besides solving the current impasse between pro ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1.0Background
To provide an overview of the whaling dispute, definition of whaling activities and moratorium will be explained in details, complementary with the
overall history of whaling activities in various nations.
1.1Definition of whaling
Whaling is defined as hunting and killing of whales by humans for resources, mainly meat, blubber and baleen (whalebone) obtained from whales.
These resources are then sold for commercial purposes and thus, whaling has become economical important for centuries (Joanne 2007; The Columbia
Electronic Encyclopedia 2007). Scientific whaling is conducted by hunting whales for research purposes and further analysis to study on whale's
behaviour, characteristics and distribution (Joanne 2007). Commercial whaling is a controversial whaling practice that exploits whale products for
trade and profit. Recently, Japan, Norway and Iceland are the major contributors of commercial whaling and deeply support any other whaling activities
(Joanne 2007). Moratorium on commercial whaling 1986 is a global ban of hunting whales for commercial purposes, implemented by International
Whaling Commission (IWC). Under Article VIII, unlimited scientific research is permitted but sufficient data and analysis are required by Science
Committee set up by IWC (Papastavrou 2006).
1.2History of whaling ban Before moratorium of whaling, there was a high demand of whale oil from blubber. In 1946, International

Negative Impact of Whaling in Japan
Biodiversity often appears as an under the radar issue that is put on the backburner to other environmental problems such as: climate change, ocean
acidification, or ozone depletion. When in reality, it should really be a frontrunner as it explicitly involves all living things that dwell within our shared
biosphere. While the human population did not really start making waves to remedy the endangerment or extinction of plants and animals until the
1970s with laws that included, the Marine
Mammal Protection Act and the Endangered Species Act; we have proved that our part in biodiversity is crucial now that we live in the anthropogenic
age. A hot and debated topic on the subject of biodiversity arose with theInternational Whaling Commission
(IWC), an international body that is set on goals to preserve whale stocks and regulate whaling as to help various species recover from near
endangerment. Most all practices of hunting whales were banned along the globe but, exceptions were made in cases such as Japan; for alleged
"scientific" purposes. The focus issues of this paper will stem from the controversy involving whaling, specifically in Japan, because while they justify
their reasons for continued whale hunting, they still walk a fine line in the eyes of anti– whalers and whale–watchers alike.
Commercial whaling was banned by the IWC around 1986 but the hunting still continued under certain expectations. "...Japan, or at least the country's
Fisheries
Agency, says it has the

Why Whaling Should Be Banned
In 2015, a program states 333 minke whales need to be killed for 12 years started. That's about 4,000 whales that will be killed. Originally, whaling
was used as a way to collect resources. The meat from whales were considered delicacies. Oil from whale blubber can be used as oil lamps or
candles. Whales that are killed today are needed for scientific purposes like information on how to manage and conserve whales in captivity. However
it isn't necessary to kill so many whales to obtain information like management and conservation. Whaling should be banned because whales are no
longer needed for their resources and aren't used for scientific reasons.
One reason why whaling should be banned is the resources from whales are no longer needed in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, Japan has killed whales for a program supporting scientific research in the Southern Ocean. However, "A new program, NEWREP–A,
started in 2014, is aiming to kill 333 minke whales, planning to kill 4,000 whales in twelve years. The International Fund for Animal Welfare
(IFAW) reports that Japan is failing in the whaling industry by millions of dollars every year" ("Experts Agree Japan's Scientific Whaling is not
Justified"). By the end of 2026, 4,000 whales will be killed for "scientific research". It isn't necessary to kill 4,000 whales for "research". Adding on
to killing 4,000 whales, Japan is also losing millions of dollars every year because of whaling. Patrick Ramage, the director for International Fund
of Animal Welfare, doesn't like the idea of killing whales for "research". He says, "... there is no need to to kill anymore whales in the Southern
Ocean for research. He also says that if they need to do research on whales, do it ethically instead of killing the whales for the research"
("Independent Experts Slam Japan's New Whaling Plan and Declare no..."). Clearly, Patrick doesn't support Japan killing whales. The main reason for
killing whales is to collect resources, not for research. Furthermore, Japan has killed whales for years now. They have killed whales for many reasons
but, "What has never made sense, however,

The Pros And Cons Of The Whaling Ban
Despite the whaling ban in 1986 by the International Whaling Commission, some countries are refusing to stop doing this practice especially Japan.
After the 1986 ban, Japan launched their supposed scientific whaling program which is widely known as their cover for their commercial whaling
practice. Supporters of the whaling ban claim that reversing the ban will cause whale populations to become endangered or even extinct. Also,
supporters of the IWC whaling ban say that the IWC should maintain the ban and establish stricter rules regarding the ban. Proponents also claim that
the whale populations have yet to return to its former population before the excessive hunting happened. "Anti–whaling groups such as Greenpeace
point to species such as the West Pacific gray whale, of which, according to some estimates, there are only about 100 left. According to Palumbi and
Roman's whale population study, the North Atlantichumpback whale population before commercial whaling was more than 20 times what it is now.( )"
Even with IWC whaling ban Japan, Iceland, and Norway continue to hunt illegally.
Additionally, supporters of ban suggest that it is completely idiotic to risk lifting the ban for countries who claim that whaling is a part of their culture.
And that banning whaling, a practice that whale hunters were doing for centuries is cultural imperialism and is totally unacceptable. In response to the
accusations of cultural imperialism, advocates of the whaling ban countered the

Persuasive Essay On Animal Rights
The issues regarding animal rights have been highly debated and have sparked controversy in American politics for quite some time. Animal
exploitation is happening among a majority of animal groups, including but not limited to farm animals, laboratory animals, companion animals and
wildlife. The Animal Legal Defense Fund is sponsoring a petition to expand animal rights, and hopefully draft an "Animal Bill of Rights" in the future.
An Animal Bill of Rights would help ensure all animals are guaranteed freedom, liberty, and the legal and social protection they have been denied for
too long. A few of these injustices include, fur trapping and fur farming, animal captivity, and the mistreatment of farm and laboratory animals.
Annually, over one billion rabbits, foxes, minks, seals and many other animal types are captured from their habitats and taken to fur farms, and
killed for their pelts. The number of federal laws protecting these animals and their fur is extremely low. Many of these federal laws are biased,
like the Dog and Cat Fur Protection Act, and were created due to the alleged slaughtering of dogs and cats in China for their fur. Most animals
captured for fur endure harsh conditions. Minks and foxes are kept in cramped outdoor cages, and allowed short periods of exercise. This is
detrimental as foxes and especially minks are very active animals. They are also exposed to the harsh weather conditions year round. According to Last
Chance for Animals, farmers "selectively

Difference Between Deep Ecology And Western Worldview
Every person has a different way of viewing the world that is based on what a our simple beliefs are and with our basic beliefs and values. We are
able to make sense of the world and to gain an understanding of knowing where our place and purpose in the world, through this we are able to
choose between the behaviours of right and wrong. This is called the western worldview, where we have an understanding of being placed in the world
that is based on human dominance over nature, the restricted use of natual resources, and increased economic growth to manage an expanding
industrial base (Linda R. Berg, 2008 ).
Western Worldviews on theEnvironment
When it comes to the environmental beliefs there two main worldviews, the Western worldview and the deep ecology worldview. Although both of
these worldviews are broad generalizations (Linda R. Berg, 2008 ) they are at opposite ends of a range of different worldviews that are related to the
the issues of global ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Together, along with philospher George Sessions they discuss how deep ecology is an understanding of knowing where we stand as humans in the
world alongside nature and spiritual respect for life. It is also knowing that both humans and other species are of equal earth (Linda R. Berg, 2008 , p.
32). Unlike the Westen worldview, the deep ecology worldview constitutes an extreme shift in how humankind can relate themselves to the environment
(Linda R. Berg, 2008 , p. 32). Deep ecology expressess that humans are no different to other species on the earth and that everything that breaths life
have the right to exist. It challenges individuals and cultures to share the same inner spirituality that is connected to the natural world, but many people
in this day–in–age have not embraced the Western worldview or the deep ecology

Commercial Whaling Research Paper
Introduction According to researchers there have been over 15.000 whales killed in Japan and Norway since the 1900's. Not to mention the amount of
minke whales killed for research by the Japanese whaling fleets. In this assignment I will give my opinion on Japan's continued killing of whales
despite the ban on commercial whaling. Do you agree with the Norwegian and Japanese position on permitting the hunting of non –endangered species
of whales as a culture exemption? I believe that the Japanese and Norwegian people should have standardized limits just as does any other country
when it comes to hunting and/or fishing regulations. I do agree with the Japanese and the Norwegians position on being permitted to hunt
"non–endangered" whales as a cultured exemption for food purposes regulations exist, without them cultural exemptions allow them to kill whales at a
more alarming rate. I believe that there needs to be better enforcement of the regulations which already exist. Although I agree that some... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
On one hand I completely agree with Japan, and Norway expressing their views on the exemption on cultural grounds from an international whaling
ban, simply because of their sovereignty rights. There are a number of villagers that are dependent on whaling to provide food, and other necessity
for their families. On the other hand, there are a host of negatives factors involved with mass killings of whales, for one it is inhumane to kill so
many whales in such a short time period. Second, the slaughtering of an endangered and intelligent species for something as unnecessary as
overpriced delicacies including whale oils. With that said, I believe that the economic impact has a big influence on my decision to agree with such a
heinous crime to continue to allow whaling as long as it is properly regulated and that those regulations are

Plastic Pollution And Its Effects
There are many forms of pollution that occur from oil spills, radioactive wastes, urban air pollution, the release of greenhouse gases, or agricultural
pollution, and one of the most preventable, plastic pollution. Plastic pollution is an accumulation in the environment of man–made plastic products to
the point that they become problematic and harmful to wildlife, wildlife habitats, or human populations. This accumulation is due to the excessive use
of plastics, which has become a worldwide issue, and is accountable for approximately 10% of discarded waste. It has been calculated that 275 million
metric tons (MT) of plastic waste was produced in 192 coastal countries in 2010, with as much as 12.7 million MT entering the ocean (Jambeck et
al., 2015). Plastic pollution can be classified based on the overall size and thickness, as microdebris (2 Вµm), mesodebris (1–5 mm), or macrodebris
(>20 mm). Plastic can be very harmful to the land, waterways, and the ocean due to its extremely slow biodegrading process, which can exceed
hundreds of years. Plastic debris can also be harmful to marine life causing, entanglement, ingestion of plastic waste, and exposure to the chemicals
within plastics, which ultimately affect humans as well.
There are many types of plastics that exist. These varieties are classified based on the method of their polymerization. Some of these classifications are
as follows: polyethylene terephthalate (PET or PETE), high–density polyethylene (HDPE), polyvinyl

Conservation And Management Of Wildlife
Executive summary
"The Greatness of nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated" – Mahatma Gandhi
Unfortunately, we often hear the news about the illicit wildlife trafficking or illegal wildlife trade. Wildlife seems to be traded all around us. It is
used not only as pets and trophies but also for food, leather, home decorations and medical purposes.
Wildlife is an important part of ecological community as it plays an important role in the environment. I know that conservation and management of
wildlife is a very complex issue, but to save wildlife, we should take some positive actions, which requires changes in our life style and changes in our
general way of thinking so that the future generations of both wildlife and human can enjoy it.
Any actions threatening wildlife and its habitat must be banned right now.
Introduction
Today more and more wildlife is becoming extinct or in danger of extinction for various reasons. There are different types of wildlife exploitation,
with varying effects on the welfare of the animals involved< worldanimal.net, n.d>. However, we should notice that wildlife is killed and exploited by
us. In other words, Human beings are destroying the planet.
Recently, I saw an article on the New Zealand herald, which was about whaling carried out by Japan. Despite the global ban of commercial whaling,
Japan has insisted it decided to kill 333 whales a year in order to find out how the marine ecosystem is

Seafish Pros And Cons
Since the Blackfish documentary viewed on CNN and Netflix, SeaWorld has been facing the criticisms highlighted in the film. They contend they are
the world's most respected zoological institution and the global leader in marine mammal veterinary care, husbandry, training, and welfare" (Burford).
SeaWorld rehabilitates and returns hundred of wild animals back to their homes each year along with donating millions of dollars to conservation and
scientific research. Though this in itself is not a good argument for being allowed to keep their orcas, it shows the prestige the organization carries and
the weight it puts on the welfare of marine animals. In regards to the handling of the orcas by trainers, SeaWorld is continually refining and improving...
Animals are not here for our entertainment. They are living, breathing, beings that deserve a certain level of respect from a civilized society that is
aware and understands the behaviors of these creatures. It seems barbaric to me that we continue to imprison wild animals that are never going to be
domesticated––a fact that we are well aware of. The educational benefits that society receives from organizations such as SeaWorld is an invaluable
experience, but I believe there are more humane ways to engage communities in the education and welfare of animals that are not native to us. I think
it is a hard argument to make that I would not care about the wellbeing of an animal just because I had not seen it up close and personal. There are a
variety of other ways to achieve the same

A Look at Today's Whaling Essay
A Look at Today's Whaling
" The story of the whale is so remarkable, that were there not so many witnesses, I would not venture to tell it, lest I be accused of exaggeration."
–J.D.B Stillman, aboard the ship Plymouth, November 1850 (Stewart, 1995)
There is no doubt that humans have always been intrigued with the majestic beauty of the large giants found in all of the world's oceans. Whales and
people have had a long history together, marked by many turns of events.
Long ago, native tribes, from many places in the world, depended largely on whales for protein in their diets. They were also able to use much of the
whale for oil, thus began a tradition of whaling. The first documented whaling expedition occurred in South Korea ... Show more content on
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The Change in Whaling
What exactly happened in the whaling industry that had such a detrimental effect on the whale populations?
In the nineteenth century, commercial whalers began using whole fleets to hunt whales, with each ship given a specific role. The largest ship, found at
the center of the fleet, was the factory ship. At the heart of these ships are many tanks. Christopher Ash worked as chief chemist on the factory ship
Balaena, and in his book Whaler's Eye, comments on the massive tanks found in these ships. "Balaena really is a tanker, and almost all of her hull...is
subdivided into thirty–six tanks. It is rather like an egg crate with nine rows, each of four tanks extending across the ship, and each tank able to take
some five hundred tons of fuel or Diesel oil, which will be replaced–after cleaning–by whale or sperm oil, or perhaps meat meal; sometimes they must
be filled with sea water as ballast. These tanks are impressively large, being well over thirty feet deep; so that when standing on the bottom and
looking up to the one small square of light far above, it is difficult to believe that we can produce enough oil to fill the whole of that volume in twenty
hours (Ash, 1962, p.19)." Underneath the tanks is the bottom of the boat. Above the tanks is the tank deck. This holds the centrifuges used to separate
oil and glue water, as well as driers and bagging machines

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