The Age Of The Globalisation Has Gifted Mankind Of Many...

The age of the globalisation has gifted mankind of many...
The age of the globalisation has gifted mankind of many advancements and enhancements in many aspects or areas. One of the advancements is the
technological enhancements in the field of health technologies which is evolving tremendously every minute; but whether this advancements in health
technology is in our advantage or disadvantage is entirely a different question. Many disadvantages arises with such advancements as it does with most
technologies known to mankind. Our research has yielded some disadvantages of the modern health technology which is illustrated in detail in this
report. This increasingly sophisticated health care technology definitely does not come cheap. The increasing population of people in our country
certainly... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As we already know, the health care technologies are evolving every day which means there will be new improvements and upgrades on the old
versions all the time. This could be a very herculean task to keep up with such upgrades and advancements. For example, if a hospital chooses to buy a
model of MRI machine and a new upgrade is introduced to the model the next year, the hospital is required to upgrade their equipment which could be
expensive and time consuming procedure; not to mention the amount of energy, money and resources which will be needed to train new staffs to
operate the machine and technicians to service the machines on a regular basis to keep the equipment up to date. This could be also a struggle for the
old staffs. The technological advancement in the world is always interconnected between different areas of technology. For example, the technological
advancement in the field of telecommunications, computer system architecture and also software developments have vastly contributed to the growth
and advancement of health technologies that exists in the present day. For example, the invention of computers, smaller memory disks that can store
large amount of information and sophisticated software systems that can analyse data in a short amount of time have lead the health technology to its
prime advancement which is the paperless patient records and also known as the health care informatics. This provides access at private patient files
containing any data
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Clinical Decision Rules: A Case Study
Clinical Decision Rules (CDRs) are a set of criteria that have been developed to assist clinicians in determining if radiographs are necessary in the case
of trauma for making diagnostic and prognostic assessments (McKinnis, 2014). Furthermore, these decision–making guidelines have undergone
rigorous development that have predictive power, have been validated for accuracy, and analyzed in terms of patient outcomes and costs (McKinnis,
2014). Frequently, radiographic evaluation is governed by an administrative protocol, possibly resulting from a patient's expectations or a clinician's
liability concerns (Long & Scifers, 2011). These factors can be avoided by using a well validated CDR, supported by an evidenced–based approach to
decrease the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For the OKR, Long and Scifers (2011) indicates a sensitivity of 97% and Hwang (2016a) indicates a sensitivity ranging from 98–100%. For the PDR,
the sensitivity is slighter higher, 99% according to Long and Scifers (2011) and close to 100% according to Hwang (2016a). However, Cheung, et
al. (2013) indicated lower, but equal sensitivities with the OKR and PDR at 86%. Conclusively, Cheung, et al. (2013), Hwang (2016b), and Long
and Scifers (2011) reported specificity lower utilizing the OKR than the PDR. Cheung, et al. (2013) and Long and Scifers (2011) indicated specificity
for the OKR at 27% and the Hwang (2016a) indicated a range of 19–50%. For the PDR, Cheung, et al. (2013) indicated the higher specificity at 51%
and Long and Scifers (2011) indicated it even higher at 60%. According to Hwang (2016a; 2016b) there was a 20–30% reduction of knee X–rays
ordered with the OKR and even higher up to 75% reduction of knee X–rays ordered with the PDR. Additionally, Cheung, et al. (2013) noted
interobserver agreement was moderate for the OKR and substantial for the PDR. They concluded that it was due to the fact that there are two findings
with the PDR as opposed to five findings in

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Digital Radiography
Digital radiography (DR) is a revolutionary invention in radiography. With this technology, no cassette is needed for an x
–ray examination meaning
that there is no need to reload films or to erase imaging plate in every examination. This is a distinctive feature which conventional radiography and
computed radiography (CR) do not have. DR was first introduced in 1996 (Carroll, 2011). Miniature electronic x–ray detectors are used as the image
receptor. The detectors enable the direct capture of the x–ray image without conversion steps (like the conversion of x–ray photos into light photons).
This technology is widely used nowadays since it has many advantages and it brings much convenience to radiographers. One of the main advantages
of DR is image post–processing in which the quality of the film (in terms of contrast and brightness, etc.) can be adjusted to reach the desired
standard. Therefore, the tolerance of the deviation of the exposure factors is greater and the need of repeating the examination is greatly reduced so
the patient dose is reduced. This follows the as low as reasonably achievable principle for radiation protection and this also improve the final image
quality simultaneously. Besides, many DR systems were installed with preset for numerous anatomical studies which can improve the post
processing. Like CR, the images produced are in digital format so this provides convenience for radiographers to store and retrieve the image easily.
DR is also capable to work with PACS ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are three main components of DR system. They are imaging system, image processing system and image communication& archiving system.
1)Imaging

Diagnosing and Treating Illness with the Imaging...
The study of radiology involves the use of imaging technology to diagnose and treat an illness. The method most commonly used to diagnose is
projection radiography which produces radiographs by transmitting X–Rays through the patient to create an image. Other forms of radiology that are
used to diagnose include CT scanning, Ultrasounds, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fluoroscopy, and Nuclear Medicine. The story of radiology started
in 1895 when Wilhelm Conrad RГ¶ntgen made the discovery in November of 1895. While working with his Cathode Ray generator RГ¶ntgen noticed
the ability to view an image using electromagnetic radiation. To test his discovery RГ¶ntgen performed anX–Ray on his wife's hand which revealed
that the ray could pass through human tissue leaving the bones and metals to show. In December of 1895 RГ¶ntgen published his manuscript "On a
New Kind of Ray" to the Wurzburg Physical Medical Institute. His discovery was quickly transmitted throughout the world and his experiment was
easily repeated due to the fact that many places had the Cathode Ray readily available. As the results began to improve and become more accurate,
so did the technology allowing the radiographs that were made on glass photographic plates be replaced by film; a contribution made my George
Eastman in 1918.The first radiology department of the world opened up at Glasgow Royal Infirmary in 1896 and in the same year came the first
diagnosis by Dr. Hall–Edwards. Growing knowledge made it

Lake Michigan's Radiography Program
I was excited when I was accepted into Radiologic program at Lake Michigan, a year earlier I was very disappointed when I missed the deadline to
apply into the program because I was missing one of the required prerequisites to get into the program. I had to wait a full year to apply again and I
was very happy when I got accepted into the program, it was hard to hide my excitement during the first semester, I was charged and ready to go.
As part of the Radiography program, for the two years we are in the program we are required to do clinical rotations at hospitals or clinics in the
surrounding areas. They were usually 24 hours a week during the fall and winter semesters and 40 hours a week during spring and summer semesters.
There were times I had to drive an hour just to get to a clinical rotation. Although every semester was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I should have waited until I knew the people better at the new clinic before attempting to test on the assessment. I later found out although it is not
required students who were ready to test will check they cassettes for films, because for some reason some of the Technologist will forget or didn't
care to replace the film. As a student at a new place it is better to know the people, what they like, how they work, and what they expect from you. I
failed in both of those categories and it was an important learning experience for me personally although the failing grade was rescinded and I was
made to retest with the same lady again.
After the assessment I reported to the Clinical Coordinator what happened and how I felt I received the wrong grade for an assessment I passed,
because someone forgot to put a film back in the cassette. Our clinical instructor did a great job by choosing that moment as a teaching moment for the
whole

Why I Want To Be A Radiography
Ever since I was a young child, I have been exposed to the medical sector be it through my own experiences at hospitals or through assisting at my
parents' dental practices. This has widened my eyes to the numerous ways that radiology and diagnostic imaging can be used throughout different
environments in the world.
This experience was crucial for me as I could understand the dynamics of the business and learned that not one staff member was more important than
the rest. For things to run in harmony than communication between all members of staff is vital. Even more so than in a hospital with the
collaboration of nurses, hospital staff, paramedics, doctors, physiotherapists, radiographers etc. It is only due to the combined effort that the patients
get the care that they need.
That is how my interest in radiography began. X–rays were routinely being used alongside other dental techniques. They are essential in diagnosing
problem areas and I was fascinated by them. I always looked forward to when I could help prep the patient and view the results. I was led by
curiosity and still am today, as to how one can diagnose so much just through various shades of gray such as changes in bone density. I always wanted
to learn about them and see what the medical professionals saw. I thought it entirely fascinating that they could see problems and issues in one ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This stems from looking after my father who suffered a severe stroke a couple of years ago and I aim to help him and care for him wherever possible
which he does not like as he tries to be as independent as possible. Due to this, I have gained excellent experience in dealing with people that are
compromised in life and who also can be awkward! I also have calming qualities as many friends come to me for advice about their issues and I try my
best to problem solve them or to just be there to give

Shielding In Radiography
As I rotated through computed tomography (CT), I noted that radiologic technologists do not utilize in–plane shields as they do in radiography.
Because shielding is emphasized so much in radiography, and because computed tomography is based on the same physics, I wondered why a
technologist could not shield the areas that were not of interest. When I asked, some would say that they do not shield because streaking would show
on the image and it would mess up their machine. Others told me that shields actually increase dose to the patient. A few technologists mentioned that
shielding has to be done correctly, but it can be done. How can so many people not be in agreement about a principle that is fundamental to their
work? How can shielding a patient in CT be any different than shielding in radiography? I was determined to find a conclusive reason for shielding in
every CT exam.
Why we shield patients from ionizing radiation
Interactions within the body There are two reactions that happen in the human body when ionizing radiation within the diagnostic range (30–150
kilovolt peak) is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
160. This is quite a significant jump from 1987, when the NCRP Report No. 93 stated that a mere 11% was attributed to "medical imaging with
ionizing radiation."1 (pp169–170CT) In 2012, Kyle Morford and his colleagues reported that "over the past decade CT has increased from 4% to
11% of all diagnostic imaging studies."2 (p45) This increase in number of scans come with an increase in patient dose. When a chest CT is
performed, a patient gets a dose of 8 mSv. When a radiographic exam of the chest is done in two projections, the dose is around 0.02mSv. Of course,
there are patient factors and contrast administration to consider, but the difference between the two modalities is roughly 400% increase.3 (p705)
Knowing this, why is shielding not practiced in computed

Follow-Through Radiography
A study was done by five attending and four resident radiologists, to compare radiological quality and radiation dose using digital radiography (DR)
and conventional screen film (SF) radiography in an abdominal radiography. The study used eleven patients between the ages 18–27 to undergo a
Small Bowel Follow–Through (SBFT) examination. The examination included two radiography images. For each examination, one of the radiographs
was done using DR equipment and the other was done using SF radiography. In order to create similar viewing conditions the DRs were printed on
film. The SF and DR images were acquired under certain scanning conditions, which included a Bucky grid used for both, identical focus size and
source to image distance (SID) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The researches used only adult chest radiography's to compare the radiographies. The radiographs were taken while sitting, supine, in an erect
posterior–anterior (PA) position, and in an erect anterior–posterior (AP). Each radiograph was taken in one of three of those positions. The study period
was four months long, the first two months conventional radiography was being used, and in the last two months CR was being used. The choice to
take a retake was made by the radiographer; every number and reason for the retake was recorded. Exposure, technique, patient movement, or other
factors determined the reason for a retake. Each film was evaluated by a panel of 13 radiologists and was search for adequacy under certain
guidelines. There was total of 6372 conventional and 4127 of DR films that were

Imaging Of Musculoskeletal Disorders And The Early 1900 's...
Imaging of musculoskeletal disorders began in the early 1900's with the invention and utilization of radiography and fluoroscopic equipment
(McKinnis, 2014). Evolutions in imaging now allow for clearer digital recorded images of fluoroscopy, radiographs, computed tomography (CT), and
magnetic resonance imaging (McKinnis, 2014). From the beginning, imaging has not been an isolated or sole diagnostic tool. The clinician's expertise
in the evaluation process, the comprehensive evaluation and assessment of the patient, documented and reported patient history, associated signs and
symptoms, and the additional medical test results along with red flags must be taken into account when considering referral for imaging (Dutton,
2012; McKinnis, 2014). There are several clinical prediction rules and guidelines, which have been created to assist health care providers in
managing the utilization and prevention of inappropriate imaging (Dutton, 2012; Gan, Harkey, Hemingway, Hughes, & Duszak, 2016; Gidwani et al.,
2016; McKinnis, 2014). Based on the aforementioned information, not all spinal patients will require or should receive spinal imaging. MRIs and
other forms of imaging can produce false negatives, false positives, and reader interpretation and assessment errors, therefore the results of a MRI or
any other form of imaging should not be the sole reason for any diagnosis or intervention (Dutton, 2012; Fu et al., 2016; Gan, Harkey, Hemingway,
Hughes, & Duszak, 2016; Gidwani et

Tropical Smiles Dental Case Study
At Tropical Smiles Dental in Kailua–Kona, HI, Dr. Melissa Nitta and her professional staff aim to stay on the cutting edge of technology in order to
provide their patients with the safest and most comfortable experience as possible. While many dentist offices still use traditional radiography, Tropical
Smiles Dental utilizes digital radiography.
Below, the Tropical Smiles Dental team explains the key differences between these two dental services, and why they're important.
Film Radiography
Film radiography is the traditional method by which dentists have been retrieving dental X–rays of their patients' mouths for years. This method, as its
name indicates, requires the use of traditional film. Film radiography offers images in about 16–25

Radiography Report
The first modality is radiography which utilizes x–rays to generate images. Mammography and Computed Tomography (CT) also use x–rays.
Depending on which test is used, hard or soft tissue can be visualized. Classical radiography is used to create images of hard tissue like bones, and
can be used to diagnose broken bones. Radiography can provide projections of the human body that showcase the depth and position of the anatomy.
Screen–film radiography and digital radiography have spatial resolutions of .08 and .17 mm respectively. Temporal resolution for radiography is
typically less than half a second. Despite the fact that radiography is relatively cheap and fast compared to other modalities, there are concerns of
being wrongfully or overly exposed to radiation which may lead to an increased risk of cancer in the patient. Mammography is a specialized form
of radiography that is designed to image breasts to aid in diagnosing breast cancer. It can be used to showcase glandular and fatty tissues, the skin
line, and any cancerous or calcified masses. Mammography is the preferred method of detecting break cancer due to its high sensitivity and benefit to
risk ratio. CT is another form of radiography that can create highly detailed, 3–D ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The spatial resolution is 1.0 mm, and the temporal resolution is usual several seconds. All useful planes of images including axial, sagittal, and
coronal planes can be used to visualize the morphology and function of the segment of the body being visualized since MRI scanners can detect
motion. This makes MRI particularly useful for a wide variety of diagnoses of disorders throughout the entire body. MRI does not use ionizing
radiation to generate images. However, MRI can be prohibitively expensive for patients and take several hours to complete.

Radiography Analysis
Being from a third world country and having to grow up there for a while I have learned the importance of never giving up and to rather face a
challenge head on, work hard, and essentially be able to overcome that challenge. All my life I have been faced with challenges ranging from
poverty, emotional challenges, and just wanting to do well for myself and my family. Once my family and I moved to the United States of America
I finally had an opportunity to education so my biggest goal for myself at the time was to do well in school and eventually work towards a degree
after leaving high school. I managed to accomplish this goal through elementary school to the present as I was constantly on the honor roll year after
year, in honor programs,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Around the same time my mother was also in and out of the hospital regularly and had to have multiple surgeries. As a current nursing student at
Fairleigh Dickinson University, having had volunteered in Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, and seeing my family go through medical
problems, I have witnessed how important radiography is not only to the hospital and doctors but to the patient. My time spent through these
experiences has opened my eyes to the importance of radiography as patients' lives really depend on the quality, accuracy, and timely scans that
radiographers provide. Since then I have been very interested in radiography and have decided I want to pursue it, especially since it is such a
versatile field that can branch into other professions that are equally as important to healthcare. My plans and aspirations for the future include to
work as a radiographer in a hospital and help as many patients as possible and then branching out into the field of mammography. I have chosen this
program because believe it is a very strong radiography program that will help me and educate me well to prepare me for my future and career in

Emergency Radiology Research Paper
Do you ever wonder how radiation was discovered? Or when it was discovered? It all started in 1895, when Wilhelm Roentgen discovered x–rays. Six
years later, he was honored with the first Nobel Prize in Physics; by then, doctors were already using primitive x–rays to diagnose illnesses(Men's
Health watch 1). The collaboration between physicians and physicists has continued ever since, resulting in amazing advances far beyond Roentgen's
wildest dreams. Physicists tell us that ionizing radiation delivers energy in the form of photons that pack enough oomph to strip electrons away from
the nuclei of atoms(1). We are continuously exposed to tiny amounts of ionizing radiation from cosmic rays and naturally occurring radioactive
elements here on earth. We accept this so–called background radiation without blinking an eye, but we... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Results often determine if an admission occurs, to which service the patient is admitted, and if there is any immediate emergency or surgical
intervention. Real–time diagnostic imaging of the patient in the ED can expedite patient care and ultimately reduce costs.The emergency radiology
facility has become the hospital's acute diagnostic imaging centre. The emergency radiology division of today is unique in its physical design,
equipment, staffing, information systems, and operations.Designing the emergency radiology facility today requires proper planning to optimize
workflow, as summarized in Table 2. For example, radiology should be centrally located for maximal accessibility to physicians and patients from
multiple clinical services. The selection of imaging equipment is important to best accommodate the expected volume unique to one's ED. At our
institution, we have optimized our imaging equipment to meet volume demands of acute care. Multidetector CT scanners in the ED enable total body
trauma scans, including CT angiograms of the head, neck, and extremities. The latest technologies for dose

Why Do Medical Professionals Use Trigonometry?
Medical professionals use math every day while providing health care services to people all around the world. The modern applications of
trigonometry in the medical field range from measuring blood pressure and heart rates, to orthopedics and medical imaging. Medical imaging is the
process of producing an image of a part of the body using radiography. This is one of the more advanced ways that medical professionals use
trigonometry. A Computerized Axial Tomography Scan, commonly referred to as a CAT scan, is a special type of x
–ray. A regular x–ray can only
provide a 2D view of the body, whereas other forms of medical imaging such as CAT scans, provide a 3D view. How does this relate to trigonometry?
Triangulation is used to determine a specific

Radiography Essay
The radiography, intraoral exam, and dental cast are taken upon presence of patient. Her intraoral examination has shown mild to moderate level of
plaque and little calculus present throughout the mouth. From her panoramic and bite wing radiography, the patient is missing numbers 1, 16 and
32; and number 7 is congenitally missing. There are amalgam restorations on numbers 2 (MO class II), 13 (MO class II), 20 (OD class II) and 18
(O class II). She has composite restorations on numbers 4, 28, 29, and 30. She has PFM crowns on numbers 2, 3, 12, 14, and 15 with endodontic
treatment on each. Moreover, she has PFM crowns on number 15, 19 and 30 without endodontic treatment and has PFM bridge between numbers 5 and
7. Radiography examination shows... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This patient's periodontal exam reveals probing depth for number 5 is 4mm. This could be sign of localized gingiva or inflammation of swollen
gingiva can increase the probing depth. Furthermore, the possible reasons for her recurrent caries are incomplete removal of caries before
endodontic treatment, improper marginal sealing of crown, improper sealing of root canal, and improper flossing between the teeth. Unfortunately,
number 5 cannot be restored from the damage she has. Several options can be considered to resolve her chief complaints. The first option is the
implant. The implant sounds like a great option for her. But, her dental cast reveals that her teeth space between 5 and 7(12mm)are too narrow to
have the implant. (shah 2008) The second option is making the Pontiac bridges between numbers 4 to 7. But, This is not a good considerable option
because her sound teeth must be damaged to build the bridge between numbers 4 to 7. The last option is the partial denture. The partial denture is a
great option for her because it is affordable and able to maintain sound teeth. Therefore, partial denture is probably the best option to resolve her chief

Scaphoid Fractures: A Case Study
Hi everybody,
Wrist fractures are fairly common injuries that are seen in the emergency department with regular radiograph used as the first choice of approach for
diagnosis (Balci et al., 2015). According to Balci et al. (2015), the gross sensitivity of plain radiographs is between 57.8% to 63.7% while the use of a
multidetector computerized tomography was able to expose 128 occult fractures out of 457 wrists examined that was missed by radiography.
Scaphoid fractures account for 60% of carpal trauma due to its location, with fractures developing in three areas mainly the distal pole, proximal pole
and the mid portion or the "waist" (McKinnis, 2014). Scaphoid fractures are mainly caused by a fall on outstretched hand with ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
However, based on an article by Bergh et al. (2015), there was only a minimal difference in total costs between patients receiving early MRI for
scaphoid fracture suspicion compared to the population that followed a typical diagnostic approach (includes radiographic assessment after 2 weeks
and use of a temporary cast) which in turn reduced patients' costs by decreasing lost work days and time spent in a cast. To summarize, in my
opinion, I concur that MRI should be included in the triage of intervention instead of CT scans for suspicion of a scaphoid fracture due to its high
accuracy for the diagnosis of occult scaphoid fractures (Unay et al., 2009) and due to the overall reduced costs for the patients.
1.) scaphoid waist fracture with degenerative changes noted on the distal radius
2.) oblique fracture of the 3rd metacarpal shaft
3.) RA with telescoping digits, evident joint deformity (zigzag deformity), joint space narrowing of the carpal bones
4.) avascular necrosis of the lunate
How does imaging results affect your clinical judgment and treatment for wrist fractures?
Thank you,

Mares
References
Balci, A., Basara, I., Г‡ekdemir, E. Y., Tetik, F., Aktas, G., Acarer, A., & ... Acarer, A. (2015). Wrist fractures: Sensitivity of radiography, prevalence,
and patterns in MDCT. Emergency Radiology, 22(3), 251–256. doi:10.1007/s10140–014–1278–1
Bergh, T.

Why Is Radiography Important
Why is radiography important in the medical field?
Earlier there was only x–ray methods of detecting a disease but things have change, there are other methods for example imaging or ultrasound
methods. Radiology is also used for treating and diagnosing of various types of injuries or disease. It could be used to destruct tumors by radiation.
Radiography is important in the medical field because is best practical way to diagnose, monitor treatment and detect progression or relapse of many of
great significance and common diseases in a minimally invasive and anatomically precise manner. Radiology is now the key diagnostic tool for many
diseases and has an important role in monitoring treatment and predicting outcome. New knowledge in imaging is being developed at an increasingly ...
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Imaging plays a huge role in diagnosis. Specialists are great at recognizing pathology on imaging related to their area of expertise, but they risk
missing subtle findings that only a radiologist can see. Medical testing is improving by leaps and bounds. As a radiographer, you may have the
opportunity to be trained on the most cutting edge equipment. You could be right in the middle of patient diagnosis, working closely with the
doctors and patients. Clinicians will often wait for imaging results before arriving at a diagnosis or deciding on a course of action. Specialists
frequently read their own imaging, but an official read by a radiologist is always needed. As a radiologic technologist you may be trained to do many
important diagnostic tests, this is because there are many areas of radiography that you can specialize in – this includes mammography, radiotherapy,
computed tomography (CT), fluoroscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). There will always be risks in your work environment. Since a lot
of imaging procedures make use of

Interventional Radiography
Radiology is a very important step in the process of diagnosis in the health care field. If it were not for x–rays, doctors would not even know where to
begin. The radiology department is the eye of medicine. There are special modalities one can go into after getting a degree in radiology. With that
being said, I'm going to elaborate on the importance of radiology in the steps of diagnosing and treating a patient. The three modalities I would like to
talk about are Mammography, Fluoroscopy, and InterventionalRadiography. Mammography is very important for several reasons. The most important
reason is that a mammogram can find breast cancer and save one's life if found early enough. That is why it is very crucial that women have annual ...
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The Seldinger needle is an 18 gauge hollow needle with a stylet." (p. 361) Interventional Radiology has grown a lot since the mid 70's. With
Interventional Radiography one uses catheters and other guide wires to open up the blood vessels or go through a pathway in an organ to treat
diseases. The catheters are usually only a few millimeters in diameter. This is a minimally invasive procedure that has less risk than surgery. Since it is
a minimally invasive procedure, it is performed with only a small nick in the skin. This means the recovery time is a lot shorter than going having
surgery. Interventional radiography only uses local anesthesia in the hospital. With this procedure, the patient can usually leave the same day that the
procedure is done. With interventional radiography one can use different imaging techniques, for example: x–ray, CT, MRI, and ultrasound. To
elaborate on the different modalities that are used in interventional radiography and the importance of each, one can examine the examples that follow.
Angiogram is when one x–rays the veins and arteries while injecting contrast into them and watching it highlight and show if there is any blockages or
problems in the vessels. With angiography, it is the primarily used for looking at the circulatory system. CT shows a three dimensional cross section of
the vessels to give the radiologist a better visualization. CT out rules traditional angiography where one can know if the patient needs stent placement
in the vein or artery. MRI is a powerful vascular imaging modality with interventional radiography. One cannot use MRI if the patient has metal
internally because of the magnetic field. Ultrasound is used to show the interventional radiography procedures, for instance: biopsies, abscess drainage,
and tumor ablation. Treatment for interventional radiography is if

Comparison of X-Ray and Ultrasound
X rays and Ultrasound are two of the main imaging techniques used in radiography. For the purposes of this essay, we will look at conventional x–rays
and diagnostic ultrasound. Conventional x rays are non–invasive diagnostic techniques that are used to capture images of the body's organs and bones.
Diagnostic ultrasounds are high frequency sound waves to create an image of soft issues in the body such as muscles, joints, and internal organs. As
examined below, while both are used in diagnostic radiography, they have extremely different modalities.
Wave Properties
X–rays use electromagnet waves to produce images. Ultrasounds are longitudinal sound waves with extremely high frequencies. The below table
examines some of the differences ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
* Radiotherapy – used to treat cancer.
Ultrasound relies on high frequency sounds to image the body. As stated above, ultrasound are produced by an ultrasound transducer. To produce
ultrasound, a piezoelectric crystal has an alternating current applied across it, this causes the crystal to vibrate at a high speed and to produce
ultrasound as it converts electrical energy to mechanical energy in sound waves. This sound wave bounces off the object being scanned. This sound
triggers the piezoelectric crystal and has its affects reversed. By measuring the time taken to send and receive the sound the computer can produce
images. Ultrasound poses no health risks while x rays give off varying degrees of radiation. Exposure to radiation can have long term health although
the rates are very low. There are many different usages for ultrasound. The most common is for * pregnancy scans * examine the heart to identify
abnormal structures * measure blood flow through the hearts and major blood vessels * examine kidneys blood flow * identify kidney stones * detect
prostrate cancer at early stages Ultrasound Pregnancy * Thyroid ultrasound Scan at approx 12 wks. X–Rays

A Career In Radiography
Radiography, which is a very important step in medical filed and provides enhanced information of health issues to deal with different kinds of
health problems. As far my understanding and to why I would like to pursue career in this field of Radiography, I thing the Radiography is the first
line of defiance after doctors try to understand person's condition to diagnose through high quality images of organs in the different parts of body and
treat patients of all types and ages from very elderly to young as well as special need patients, such as hearing impairments and visual. As growing up
in the small town, I experienced a lot of sadness due to family members deaths due to lack of medical services and or due to lack of services that are
beyond the treatments of just fever and choughs. And by the time people go to big cities to get treated, its either too late or people just don't have
a opportunity to go due to lack of money etc.. I had decide after experiencing and witnessing so many horrible stories of families, the one that
always stayed close to my heart was a young girl who died giving birth to her first baby due to lack of medical services. She was just in her twenties
and had she gotten help from medical professional, the life would have taken a different path for her and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When I read about the vision of the school, I remember the values that I grew up with, our teacher used to repeat these words while I was studying in
boarding school, be humble as our lord savvier and serve other in needs. So I felt that attending this institute would help me grow spiritually as wall as

Radiologic Technologist Admission Essay
My mother always reminded me how education is the most important tool which I can use to improve myself and my community. After obtaining
my undergraduate degree in geography in the late nineties, I later moved to the United States a year later to peruse a master degree in computer
sciences. After arriving in the US, I learned that life was not as easy as I thought. I could not afford the tuition, paying my bills and taking care of my
family. I later dropped out of school to work some low paying jobs in order to save money to continue my education. After several years of
contemplating what to study, I enrolled in a community college to continue my education in radiologic technology. As an undergraduate student I
developed a huge passion for computers, I took some... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I was hired as a radiographer in a local hospital. I gained a lot of clinical experiences in the healthcare setting. I fell in love with job, I enjoyed
helping people. This gave me an opportunity to meet people and be compassionate about the sick. After a few years of working as a radiographer, I
took some more certification courses and exams in computed Tomography (CT scan) and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which boosted my skills
and knowledge as a radiologic technologist. Because of my love for information technology, I took a course and exam in medical imaging
informatics and was certified as an imaging informatics professional (CIIP). With my experience and knowledge, I was promoted to the position of
coordinator and in charge of imaging informatics (PACS administrator). Under the tutelage of my Director, I learned valuable leadership skills. I began
doing some training and administrative duties coupled with intermittent clinical work. This position has also awakened my desire to pursue my
graduate education and acquire a solid background I so desire to shape my interest in healthcare and computer

69p Rad Sop Field Unit Essay
Standard Operating Procedures
Radiology
1. PURPOSE: a. To provide maximum quality radiographs in an efficient amount of time. b. To establish responsibilities, procedures, policies, and
techniques which prevent excessive radiation exposure to patients and staff. c. To set guidelines to be followed for checking radiology systems
performance and maintaining optimum image quality and equipment safety for the technologist who operate these systems and the patients as well. 2.
SCOPE:
This SOP is applicable to all personnel assigned to 4th Division, 3rd Brigade, 64th Brigade Support Battalion, and all Physicians Assistants (PAs)
attached. 3. RESPONSIBILITIES: d. NCOs: i. Responsible for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
| 10% of 10 CFR 20 Appendix B averaged over one year at the boundary; or listed value at the stack| 10% of 10 CFR 20 Appendix B averaged over the
calendar quarter at the boundary; or listed value at the stack.| 30% of 10 CFR 20 Appendix B averaged over the calendar quarter at the boundary; or
listed value at the stack.|
5. Terminology: o. AP, PA, Lateral xii. Anterior
–Posterior (AP)– radiographs that are taken with the patient facing the x–ray tube. So that the x–ray
beam enters their anterior side, and exits posteriorly. xiii. Posterior–Anterior (PA)– radiographs that are taken with the patient facing away from the
x–ray tube. So that the x–ray beam enters their posterior side, and exits anteriorly. xiv. Lateral (LAT)
– radiographs that are taken while the patient
stands sideways to the x–ray tube. They can be done with either the patients left or right side next to the film. Left lateral x–rays are done with the
patients left side against the film, Right laterals are done with the patients right side against the film. xv. Oblique– radiographs that are taken halfway
between AP or PA and LAT. The patient will be rotated about 45 degrees from lateral or frontal. 1. Left Oblique
– Patients left side is

PET/MRI Technology Analysis
In the radiography department, patient care is the number one priority. Patient care can be accomplished by the care technologists provide as well as
the equipment being used. Technological advancements have given technologist the ability to do both simultaneously. The development of PET/MRI
procedures has given hospitals the opportunity to not only increase their diagnostic efficiency but also limit the amount of exams needed for their
patients. This allows the hospital to better serve their patients as well as improve patient care. The PET/MRI technology, which was first introduced
into the clinical setting in 2007, is a hybrid imaging technology that incorporates magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) soft tissue morphological imaging
and

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Digital Radiography
As any other invention in technology goes, there are advantages and disadvantages. I have learned within my clinical settings that every tech has a
different outlook on how they feel about digital radiography. If you ask a younger, upcoming technician about their insight towards digital
radiography, majority of them with emphasis how much they love it and how fast and easy it is. When I asked the older techs that have been around
since film screen, they don't seem too fond of digital and still would rather work with the initial cassettes and processors.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Digital Radiography
I have come to learn both digital radiography and conventional radiography. I personally like both. I prefer to do some exams with the conventional
radiography and processor, and some exams with digital radiography. Many people have different feelings towards one or the other. Advantages
Digital radiography has many advantages. Digital Radiography has greater image quality. They have a wide dynamic range which helps to reduce
repeat exposures. You can do post–processing manipulation. Digital radiography provides high–resolution images that can be manipulated through
post–processing. It can reveal certain features that were not seen on the initial images taken. An example would be a soft tissue neck x–ray, normally
you would just take a lateral cervical spine x–ray but afterward through post–processing, you would window and manipulate the image to see

What Are Some Specific Duties Of A Radiographer?
1. What is a radiographer and what are some specific duties of a radiographer? A radiographer is a very important person. They are a health
professional that uses x rays to produce radiographs of their patients to help the doctor diagnose the patient's medical conditions (Inside
Radiology, 2016). A radiographer is a very broad term though, and can be a variety of things. From X rays for pictures, CT for scans, MRIs,
ultrasounds, and many more. There are a lot of specific duties for a radiographer. At first I thought it was as easy as just clicking a button to take
the patients picture. Once I went to different hospitals for job shadowing I learned quickly that there are so many tasks a radiographer has to take
on a day. Before any picture the radiographer must make sure they explain to the patient the process that they will be doing and they must make
sure that the patient understands and is comfortable. It is challenging for the radiographer to capture the best image when the patient can barely
move if he or she is in pain. If the radiographer took a bad photo of the patient that could cause a misdiagnosis. When taking the image the
radiographer must make sure the radiation levels are safe for the patient. There are many duties a radiographer has to do that an average person
would expect. I spoke to a radiographer at Genesis that told me about how she had to take pictures of patients in trauma. Taking pictures of people in
trauma can be very difficult for a

Radiology Research Papers
Radiology research paper
Cone beam computed tomography
Theodore Bennett #4
Dental Assisting 125
Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a specialized type of x–ray examination used to create 3–dimensional images of the head and neck
structure. After attending a lecture on this technology I was greatly interested to learn more. For this research paper I wanted to compare and contrast
cone beam CT with other more traditional types of radiographic exam equipment.
Since their first discovery and usage in the 1890's, X–ray machines have seen many developments and improvements. One of the biggest advances has
been the creation of machines which can produce a fully three–dimensional image. When most people think of dental x–rays, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This mode of examination allows the healthcare provider to obtain a much greater amount of information then is available with more traditional forms
of x–ray examination. Because most x–rays are a 2–dimensional representation of a 3–dimensional object, many important details and subtle
differences are lost in the translation. With cone beam CT you are able to see different structures from multiple vantage points. These characteristics
make it the choice of many speciality dental practices, in particular oral surgery. While it's cost does make it a major investment, cone beam CT is an
excellent technology which is able to do things which other x–ray units cannot. I look forward to hopefully getting some more hands on experience
with this fascinating

Benefits Of Panoramic Dental Radiography
The Advantages of Panoramic Dental Radiography
DES 1200 Dental Radiology
Yanelys Ruiz
Miami Dade College The Advantages of Panoramic Dental Radiography
Panoramic Dental Radiography refers to a two–dimensional x–ray examination that captures a single image of the mouth including surrounding
structures like the teeth, tissues, the lower and upper jaws. It shows a flat detailed image of curved structures such as jaws. X–ray radiography exposes
body tissues to some radiation during the procedure. Panoramic Dental Radiography is extraoral technique that differs from intraoral because it is
built with technology which offers more coverage for periapical lesion, periodontal bone defects, and pathological jaw lesion with a minimum risk of
side effects to patients. The procedure reveals more details by covering a wide area compared to intraoral x–ray and providing valuable information on
bone abnormalities and tooth positioning. Panoramic x–ray shows clear mouth anomalies such as jaw cancer, jaw disorder, sinusitis, and periodontal
diseases. All dental radiographer, including Dental Hygienist, should be aware of how Panoramic Dental Radiography imagen can be helpful in order
to visualize radiographies with more accurate results.
According to Douglass, Valachovic, Wijesinha, Chauncey, Kapur, and McNeil (2004), Panoramic Dental Radiography technology enables dentists to
obtain mouth movement image patterns including pan bitewings, standard pans, and pan periodical functions

Digital Radiography Essay
Advantages and Disadvantages of Digital Radiography The advantages and disadvantages of digital radiography can differ from technician to
technician. Older generation technicians are usually set in their ways and do not like change very much. They did not grow up around digital
radiography as say a young technician. The younger generation now a days learned about digital radiography in school and have a lot of good things to
say about it.
Advantage #1
Advantage #1 is higher quality of care. Patients, no matter if they are young or old, are usually concerned about being exposed to radiation. A lot of
older patients think they will automatically get cancer or die if they get an x–ray of any part of their body. With digital radiography, patient dose is
reduced down by 75% or more. This produces a higher quality of care with a lower patient dose.
Advantage #2
Advantage #2 is x–ray image enhancement. "Digital x–ray systems let you control the exposure of each image in real time, so you can make images
darker or lighter on demand" (www.softwarefordentists.com/index.php/Digital–Radiography–Articles/digital–radiography–advantages.html). With
digital radiography, the technician can "window" the image by enlarging it, enhancing the color depending on if you need to look at more bone or soft
tissue, or even superimpose textures. "These features improve you ability to detect diseases and its current state. They also provide immediate visuals
for compeling patient education" (www.softwarefordentists.com/index.php/Digital–Radiography–Articles/digital–radiography–advantages.html).
Advantage #3
Advantage #3 is fewer files to manage. With Conventional radiography, you always had to file files and folders in a storage room. With digital
radiography, everything is on the computer. The technician can access the database from any computer that is on the network. The technician is also
able to scan all pre–existing x–rays of the patient into their electronic folder in the database. This advantage frees up all storage rooms in the
department and hospital.
Advantage #4
Advantage #4 is no chemical developers. Digital radiography eliminates all needs for automatic film processors. Technicians do not want to have to
deal with

Radiography Personal Statement Examples
I have chosen to study Radiography as I am very passionate about Science. Although this was never my strongest subject I always enjoyed studying
the 3 science subjects and I soon developed an interest in radiography. I always worked hard to understand the fundamentals of science. I have
developed an interest as I have seen people with many illnesses which had led me to want to pursue a career in radiography. My passion for patient care
has strongly come from seeing people suffering from different health problems. Although it is a challenging profession I am willing to put in 100%
to ensure I succeed in gaining a career. This career is a very rewarding career and I believe with my communication skills I will be able to provide
support for patients and families. My interest in technology and disease has led me to an interest in this career.
Studying forensic science, I have learned the need to work in an organised fashion and keep accurate records of the task being completed. These are
qualities that will stand me a good stead. In testing biological samples such as blood, or analysing fingerprints I have gained an insight of the need for
careful observation and the need to identify samples carefully. Analytical chemistry has given me experience in practically showing ability to interpret
results and reach conclusions. Studying ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The programme enabled me to face obstacles and new challenges with confidence. I improved my leadership ability, organization and distributing
material covering the many aspects of work done in the course. I learnt the importance of clear, concise communication while improving my organising
ability. Voluntarily assisting at college open days, I was able to convey complex messages to prospective students in ways that these students could
understand clearly without misconstruing information. In radiography clarity and precision are vital in diagnosis of injuries and

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Digital Radiography
Introduction In this paper, I will be discussing what the advantages and the disadvantages of Digital Radiography in Diagnostic Radiology. Further
more present factors with each subject showing how they are distinguished as an advantage and an disadvantage. Time, money, and radiation dosage to
the patient are very important factors these days because of how many different regulations there are and the concerns for the patient as well. Digital
Radiography also known as DR is static images produced with a fan x–ray beam intercepted by a linear array of radiation detectors or an area x–ray
beam intercepted by a photostimulable phosphor plate or direct–capture solid–state device. Body Digital Radiography is often compared to Computed
Radiography because of their similarities in their use of x–raying as well as they are both used in the medical field. Computed Radiography, also known
as CR, is the radiographic technique that uses a photostimulable phosphor as the image receptor and an area beam. Direct radiography is basically
Computed radiography but one less step. Computed radiography uses cassette that go into the bucky, where the image is shot. It is then unloaded from
the compartment called the bucky, with the latent image and scan through a processor that reads the image and presents itself on the computer monitor
for the Tech or Radiologist. This process is then repeated for another image to be taken by reloading another cassette into the bucky compartment. In

Digital and Medical Imaging
The "Cox" Maze
Dr. James Cox developed a procedure called the "Cox maze" in 1987, that has changed from the "cut and sew" surgical procedure, where there were
several cuts made to create a maze, to a use of surgical ablation technology, where ablation lesions are put with different energy sources such as
radiofrequency, cryothermy, microwave, and high–frequency ultrasound. Therefore, this course of action has evolved from a median sternotomy choice
to one that can be done minimally, invasively, and robotically. (Henry, 2013)
NDS Surgical Imaging
The ability to correctly visualize the surgical site is needed in minimally invasive surgery (MIS). NDS Surgical Imaging can provide the most advanced
and understood surgical imaging products that help single, multiple, or full modality imaging when being fully compliant for medical use in surgery.
An imaging system that provides exceptional image quality, clarity, consistency, performance, and ergonomic design is NDSsi's imaging. They
override today's surgical markets and they are considered industry standard for digital OR. NDSsi created and operated deep technologies that enable
surgical and diagnostic imaging to be seen on the same HD (high definition) compliant visual systems. Advanced Imaging Processing (AIP), Digital
Signal Processing (DSP), and related technologies allow more than one real–time video viewing, fluoroscopic, ultrasound, or vital sign imaging. These
technologies offer surgeons and doctors capabilities as MIS

Diagnostic Radiography
For the purpose of this function the student uses PCC to denote care that has not "a narrow focus on their condition or symptoms but also their
preferences, wellbeing and wider social and cultural background", with relevance to their families also (The Health Foundation 2014). In diagnostic
radiography, procedures are relatively short so good communication skills are essential to gain the patient's full cooperation and therefore obtain the
best possible diagnostic image. A combination of both non–verbal and verbal communication skills would help the radiographer to assess the ability of
the patient in routine activities within the x ray room such as; getting on and off the x ray table and walking to and from the changing room, so that the
type

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Digital Technology
Introduction:
Diagnostic Radiography has advanced and developed since its early discovery in 1895, by Wilhelm Roentgen. In recent years, its dynamic development
has progressed from conventional analogue to computed, and digital radiography. The wealth of changes in the past two decades has seen many
departments in Gauteng convert to digital units. This report compiled on the Multix Fusion system, from Siemens outlines the machine with specific
attention to: terminology, equipment, capabilities, advantages and disadvantages, image acquisition, applications, as well as the long term benefits
regarding to workflow, time and cost.
Terminology:
General:
1.kV: or Kilovoltage, is the maximum possible energy for any photon that exists in the x–ray ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This machine also includes a stationary grid that is fixated to the wall and patient table as well as a moveable grid that can b used on patients that are
X–Rayed directly.
Application Capabilities
This system may be used for examinations on both children and adults. The table can be used to acquire images of the patient in a recumbent, sitting
or prone position. The wall stand can be used for patients that are standing or sitting. The digital images displayed on the system thereafter are of
excellent quality due to the proper understanding of the radiographer in terms of how to set exposure factors needed to attain the level of contrast
needed. (Siemens 2010; 39).
The Wall Stand
The wall stand contains the grid and has a holder for the detector. The detector unit can be manipulated vertically or horizontally. The tube can be
centred to the middle of the wall stand and FFD adjusted to the required position depending on the type of examination being done at the time.
Examinations on the skull, spine, shoulder girdle, pelvis, abdomen, chest, as well as extremities can be done on the stand provided that the patient is
positioned accordingly and optimal exposure is used. (Siemens 2010 page

A Critical Analysis And Synthesis
A critical analysis and synthesis of how radiographer's can optimise the use of social media, ensuring they do not breach the relevant standards of
the HCPC Code of Conduct Performance and Ethics (2016). In the modern and technological society which we live in today social media plays an
integral part in everyday life. Social media is an online tool which allows people to communicate, share data and form groups with others sharing
common interests. On social media platforms users can forms virtual communities or networks exchanging information. (Kaplan and Haenlein,
2010). Social media has become such a big part of life that the term 'Facebook addict' has been introduced into the urban dictionary. The use of
social media is widespread and ever increasing, at the beginning of the 3rd quarter of 2016 there is 1.79 billion active Facebook users and 2.34
billion social media users across all platforms (Statista, 2016). This trend can also be seen in healthcare professionals and will increase as younger
practioners join the workforce. A survey in 2011 by the Medical Protection society found that 36% of doctors used Facebook on a daily basis and
that 100% of medical students have Facebook accounts with Ofcom reporting that 80 % of adults in the UK has some sort of social medial account.
The main use of social media in everyday life is for personal use meaning that many radiographers are unfamiliar with using social media as a
professional tool. With this in mind

Occlusal Detections
Clinical Tip #11
Unless your work environment is a pediatric office, or in an oral surgeon's office, you will not be requested to take many occlusal projections.
However, it is important to remember how this task is achieved, because intermittently in your career you will be asked to take occlusal projections.
You must be ready for all types ofradiography.
Definitions
Bisecting the angle technique: The vertical angulation of the tube head is directed so that the central ray is perpendicular to an imaginary line that
bisects the angle formed by the long axis of the tooth and the plane of the film.
Buccolingual dimension: If trying to figure out if the impacted tooth is on the buccal or lingual side of the jaw bone, a right angle projection can be used
for diagnosis. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Foreshortened image: Excessive vertical angulation causes shortening of the tooth image on the film.
Imaginary bisecting line: The line that bisects the angle formed by the long axis of the tooth and the film packet.
Headrest position: Proper position of the patient's head for radiographic exposure.
Horizontal angulation: The central ray is directed perpendicular to the film in the horizontal plane.
Negative angulation: Used on the mandibular arch; pointing the PID up (negative degrees).
Occlusal film packet: A large intraoral film packet (#4), placed on occlusal surfaces upper/lower teeth to show objects in the 3rd dimension.
Occlusal plane orientation: An imaginary plane formed by occlusal contact of the upper and lower teeth.

Occlusal projection: A film showing mandibular or maxillary and portrays larger object area or a right angle (axial) relationship of the objects.
Overlapped image: A film with superimposed teeth on each other due to excessive horizontal angulation.
Positive Angulation: Used on the maxillary arch, when the PID is pointing downwards (positive

Radiologic Technologist Research Paper
Research Report on Radiological Technologists
Katherine Rasmussen ENG 114 DY4 Gary Hurley November 4, 2014
Purpose
This proposal is on the career of radiographic technicians.
I have chosen this topic to research because it is the field I am wanting to pursue. I have a need to help people so going for a career in the medical
field is perfect for me. "No matter what specific imaging technology a radiologic technologist works with, a sharp eye for detail, the ability to follow
detailed instructions and a passion for helping people is very important for success," states one career website in regards to work environment
(RadiologyED.org).
Radiology is a career that many people are now pursuing. The numbers ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rushton, Michelle. "Liverpool Echo." Document From Another Database. Pro Quest, 9 March 2006. Web. 17 Oct. 2014.
Durham, Mike. "The Independent." Document From Another Database. Pro Quest, 02 June 2005. Web. 17 Oct. 2014
Bureau of Labor of Statistics. "Radiologic and MRI Technologists." Occupational Outlook Handbook. United States Department of Labor, 08 Jan.
2014. Web. 14 Oct. 2014.
"Rad Tech Career Paths." RadiologyED.org. The Place to Learn Radiology, 10 Nov. 2013. Web. 09 Nov. 2014.
A Monster Community. "Top 10 Best and Worst States to Be a Radiologic Technologist." All Health Care. Making It In
Medicine, 2014. Web. 09 Nov.
2014.
"X Ray Technician, Radiology Salary." Indeed. One Search All Jobs, 2014. Web. 9 Nov. 2014.
Marquardt, Katy. "Radiologic Technologist." U.S. News & World Report Money. Best Health Care Jobs, Web. 09 Nov. 2014.
Asquyres. "The Future of X–Ray Tech Jobs." The College of Health Care Professions. Alumni Employers, 06 Dec. 2012. Web. 09 Nov. 2014.
Sapko, Michael. "How to Become an X–Ray Technician." Careers. Inner Body, 2014. Web. 17 Oct. 2014.
"Average Day of a Radioglogist." SDN. The Student Doctor Network, 17 Jan. 2007. Web. 10 Nov.

Premolar Radiograph: Clinical Report
Clinical Tip #2
When taking bitewing radiographs digitally, it is best to take the premolar area first. When a premolar radiograph is taken before the molars, it will
give the practitioner a map for taking the molar radiograph. If crowns are high under the tissue, it will allow it to be seen prior to the taking of the
next radiograph. This will give an idea of how high the PID needs to be placed near the facial area of the molars.
Definitions
Alternating current (AC): Current flows in one direction, then the opposite direction in the circuit.
Central ray: That x0ray located in the center of the x–ray beam as it leaves the tube head.
Collimation: The process of restricting the size and shape of the x–ray beam.
Direct current (DC): Electric current that flows in one direction and does not reverse itself.
Electric ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The higher the settings, the more intense the beam being output from the PID. An increase in exposure time will increase the intensity of the x–ray
beam. But when the focal–film distance (FFD) increases, intensity decreases due to divergence of a beam produces a larger field. I believe the
half–value layer (HVL) to be a harder concept to grasp, so I am writing about it in this lecture. HVL represents the quality (penetration) of the x–rays
emitted from the tube. HVL is the thickness of aluminum (in millimeters) that will reduce the intensity of the x–ray beam by 50%. Be sure to read all
the pages in your chapters, so you will be ready to answer the questions in your study guide. Yes, some of the information we will be learning in this
class will not pertain to practitioners in offices with digital radiography. However, you never know what life and job changes may come your way. It
is important to be ready to use regular film packets and know how to develop them. We will be going over the study guide answers at our meeting for
clinical

X-Ray Analysis Essay
A primary survey of the remains is undertaken, (noting sex, stature, age, unique characteristics etc.) X–ray analysis will then be performed on the
remains through the body bag, to prevent the loss of evidence. There are different types of imaging techniques, these include multidetector computed
tomography (MDCT) scanning, fluoroscopy, radiography (X–ray) (Wozniak et al., 2015). One common method for undertaking the secondary survey is
radiography. This comprises of examining the cadavers for any unique characteristics, which may have been noted in ante mortem medical records.
Images should be compared to antemortem imaging and interpreted by a trained professional. The deceased is searched for any personal effects, which
can aid in identification ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The macroscopic, microscopic and radiographic appearance of bone must be recorded in reference to trauma and disease, this may then be compared
to ante mortem records. When considering the pathology aspect of the investigation the type of disease must be contemplated (lytic, proliferative,
deformative, trauma) and the ratio of bone being lost to bone being formed. The type of bone being formed is also important and how the bone loss
and or formation has transformed the size and shape of the bone. When surveying the remains, it must be acknowledged which parts of the body are
affected and the position of the ailment within each bone. The location in which the symptoms are manifested may be an indicator as to which
condition the deceased was affected by (Ferguson and Black, 2011).
Bone morphology is another method which may be used for identification, the shape of the bones are unique and may be used as a "fingerprint" to be
compared to ante mortem medical records (Cattaneo, 2007).
3. Diseases of Bone
Bone diseases affect the remodelling of bones. In healthy bone, bone is laid down (ossified) and resorbed as needed. In diseased bone, the natural
balance of resorption and ossification is affected leading to there being a net loss or gain of bone. Bone diseases are generally either proliferative or
erosive although there are some, which are a combination of the two (University of Cambridge, 2004, Waldron,

Radiologic Technologist Essay
Radiologic Technologist Radiology itself is an umbrella term, and many jobs stem from it, including radiography. To be a radiologic technologist
means to take real time pictures of patients, this may include mammograms, x–rays, MRI, etc. A radiologic technologist may also be known as a
radiographer. This paper will define the career; discuss how one can obtain a job in this field; and the future that comes along with the job.
As stated by the San Jacinto College, radiography is described as the action of "a radiographer utilizing radiation to produce images of anatomical
structures in the body." This might seem simple upon first hearing, but a radiographer is expected to know much more than just taking pictures of a
patient using advanced machines. They must also have a vast understanding of how the machine works and runs; must be knowledgeable of anatomy;
and must have good people skills. On a typical day described by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, radiographers can expect ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
San Jacinto College offers an Associate's Degree program for medical imaging; therefore, upon being accepted to the program you will not have to
transfer to another college or university. Upon applying for the program, you will have needed to complete twelve credit hours of prerequisites. Once
in the program, it takes five semesters to complete or sixty–four credit hours. At informational meetings, applicants are told that they cannot work while
in the program because when you are not in class you are doing clinical rotations and hours vary and are not on a set schedule. The approximate
cost for an out of district student is $9,707.38, and additional cost total to $2,784.38 (Radiography 2018). That brings it to a total of $12,491.76.
There are interns available, and you can also shadow a radiographer. I do not know anyone that has this job; however, I know a family friend that is a
nurse and her advice was to, "study

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