Last 2 Frist Last Instructor Course date Happiness Many researchers from time immemorial have tried to understand the term ‘happiness’ in terms of factors that cause it and its implications on human lives. Happiness can be defined as the affective and cognitive appraisal of one's own life (check...seems close to original) words?which entails a high level of satisfaction of one's life just the way it is with the presence of positivity and absence of negativity (Garaigordobil 2). Fully introduce: Full introduce a source the first time you use it Happiness can be categorized into four characteristics which include; resources where one feels in control of their life or a feeling of contentment, intimacy which entails friendships, relationships, and the ability to enjoy the presence of other people, competence which means the ability to do something successfully, and health which involves the awareness of the best practices for healthy living (Garaigordobil 2). Some researchers have tried to relate happiness with age and the results showed that a high level of happiness is experienced between 20-29 years and after 50 years although these findings are not entirely applicable to every society (Garaigordobil 2). Young toddlers seem to be always happy but as people grow older, they start to settle on spectrum of happiness which may either be extreme happiness or miserably unhappy state (Heap 7). Thesis Trouble: Need to work on thesis. Thesis statement is a clear, concise clam that states your argument—the claim that your essay will prove. Each supporting paragraph and example will connect and prove the thesis or discuss it in sone way. It is often the last sentence of the introduction. See the section in CaRG and/or Little seagull about what is expected in an arguable thesis Researches have shown that happiness in adolescents and college students is determined by friendships, altruism, social skills, academic excellence, cooperation, and possession of personal attributes like self-esteem and self-confidence (Garaigordobil 2). Happiness is also determined by other factors like levels of income, health, marital status, gender, race, education, age, and life cycle effects to mention but a few (Graham et al. 7). Happiness is considered as a Usually in our arguments, you should not have any sources in the introduction psychological state which is deeper than a just a good temporary mood and contributes to the general wellbeing of people (Mehrdadi et al. 1). Some of the general effects of happiness include; positive towards living life, increased sense of self-concept, boosted mental health, and increased performance in physical and social settings to mention but a few (Mehrdadi et al. 2). The college students are mostly people who have undergone adolescence but have not yet become full adults and it's a very difficult stage which is accompanied by mixed feelings. Students try to balance studies with other life activities like relationships, part-tim ...

1. Last 2
Frist Last
Instructor
Course
date
Happiness
Many researchers from time immemorial have tried to
understand the term ‘happiness’ in terms of factors that cause it
and its implications on human lives. Happiness can be defined
as the affective and cognitive appraisal of one's own life
(check...seems close to original) words?which entails a high
level of satisfaction of one's life just the way it is with the
presence of positivity and absence of negativity (Garaigordobil
2). Fully introduce: Full introduce a source the first time you
use it
Happiness can be categorized into four characteristics which
include; resources where one feels in control of their life or a
feeling of contentment, intimacy which entails friendships,
relationships, and the ability to enjoy the presence of other
people, competence which means the ability to do something
successfully, and health which involves the awareness of the
best practices for healthy living (Garaigordobil 2). Some
researchers have tried to relate happiness with age and the
results showed that a high level of happiness is experienced
between 20-29 years and after 50 years although these findings
are not entirely applicable to every society (Garaigordobil 2).
Young toddlers seem to be always happy but as people grow
older, they start to settle on spectrum of happiness which may
either be extreme happiness or miserably unhappy state (Heap
7). Thesis Trouble: Need to work on thesis. Thesis statement
is a clear, concise clam that states your argument—the claim
that your essay will prove. Each supporting paragraph and
example will connect and prove the thesis or discuss it in sone

2. way. It is often the last sentence of the introduction. See the
section in CaRG and/or Little seagull about what is expected in
an arguable thesis
Researches have shown that happiness in adolescents and
college students is determined by friendships, altruism, social
skills, academic excellence, cooperation, and possession of
personal attributes like self-esteem and self-confidence
(Garaigordobil 2). Happiness is also determined by other factors
like levels of income, health, marital status, gender, race,
education, age, and life cycle effects to mention but a few
(Graham et al. 7). Happiness is considered as a
Usually in our arguments, you should not have any sources in
the introduction
psychological state which is deeper than a just a good
temporary mood and contributes to the general wellbeing of
people (Mehrdadi et al. 1). Some of the general effects of
happiness include; positive towards living life, increased sense
of self-concept, boosted mental health, and increased
performance in physical and social settings to mention but a few
(Mehrdadi et al. 2). The college students are mostly people who
have undergone adolescence but have not yet become full adults
and it's a very difficult stage which is accompanied by mixed
feelings. Students try to balance studies with other life
activities like relationships, part-time jobs, and drug and
substance abuse to mention but a few. This paper shall look at
the factors that influence happiness in college students. Our
thesis statements don't make announcements...our thesis
statements directly state the argument: what you'll prove
Happiness is influenced by almost all the aspects of life
surrounding a person or a group of people. Positivity
encourages happiness while negativity reduces the level of
happiness which can have serious undesirable implications on
the person. College students like any other age group have
different experiences which either contribute to the
development of their happiness or deprivation of the same. One
of key discovery by researchers is that students who have

3. money tend to be happier as compared to those who come from
poor backgrounds (Lesani et al. p. 3). Financial constraints
mean that it is quite a challenge for some students to afford
even the basic needs and this feeling can lead to depression. A
student may initially have come from a well-to-do family, but in
the process of learning, their parents lose their jobs or even die
leaving the young adult helpless. The student has to either drop
out of college or find some part time job so as to pay for their
school fees and also to cater for their other daily needs. This
can really affect the happiness level of the student and if not
checked upon, it can lead to depression. Adjusting life practices
is not always easy for many people. The issue of money can
cause some stigma whereby the less fortunate students don’t
hang out with the students from rich families because
Now ,you have the opposite problem! You are making many
claims without source support and this paragraph tries to cover
too much at once
they feel that they don't fit in or their interests are very
different. A student may have been happier when they started
college, but after meeting people from different backgrounds,
they feel that they do not match with the students they perceive
to be better than them and this can affect their level of
happiness significantly. Researchers also found out that
students who participated in physical activity were in better
moods and happier than those that didn't (Lesani et al. 3).
Physical activity and exercise is one of the best therapeutic
treatments of depression, and reduced depression means more
happiness. Another factor that may interfere with happiness in
college students is the need for social approval where studies
found that people who have a higher yearning for social
approval have cases of social anxiety and this affects their
happiness level negatively (Karasar and Baytemir 924). Closing
Sentence: Supportting paragraphs should have closing sntences
that connect the examples/ sources back to the topic sentence
idea also wraps up the topic of the paragraph and connect it to
the thesis. Para Form: work on the structure of a traditional

4. supporting paragraph here. A strong supporting paragraph has a
topic sentence that is generated by the writer that makes a claim
that the paragraph will then go on to prove. Then there should
be a sentence or two, maybe more, explaining the topic sentence
in more deth ( also called unfolding the topic sentence); then
comes the examples and source support to help develop and
prove the topic sentence claim. Finally, connect the examples
and sources back to the topic sentence and add a closing
sentence that connects the reader back to the major ideas of the
thesis for the paper. The topic sentence does not have to be the
first sentence and there will likely be transitions in the
paragraph and either at the beginning or end of the paragraph as
well. Underline topic sentences so that I can help make sure
we’re on the same page!
The aforementioned factors that determine the level of
happiness can affect anyone. However, those are not the only
factors that contribute to change in happiness. Generally, if an
action or a situation brings negative implications on an
individual, then they are likely to be less happy. Some of the
causes of unhappiness are manageable and thus, sometimes a
person might have to seek some help from other people who can
help them become happy once more.
Need source support
The negative implications of unhappiness in college students
might lead to poor performance in class work, depression, drug
and substance abuse, and even quitting school. It is for these
reasons that colleges have platforms which aim at helping
students undergoing phases of unhappiness. These include
guidance and counselling programs, therapy sessions, and
psychiatric evaluations to mention but a few. Happiness should
start as a personal initiative where a person focuses on
themselves and tries to change what they can and accept what
they cannot in order to stay happy.
Happiness is a deep feeling of satisfaction which is contributed
by embracing positivity in one's life. The level of happiness is

5. affected by so many factors which include, age, education,
income level, marriage status, health, and gender. College
students' level of happiness is also affected by the previous
mentioned factors. Changes in level of income, participation in
physical activity and exercise, and social approval are some of
the factors which can either increase or decrease the level of
happiness in college students. Negative implications of these
factors can lead to poor grades, drug and substance abuse, and
even depression. It is therefore recommended that students
should try and engage in activities that increase their happiness
and in case of challenges, they should seek help from the
relevant parties.
Conclusion: a conclusion should be more than just the points
you covered in your essay. Tie the points together and try to
answer “so what?”—why does this argument matter. In other
words explain the importance of your argument.
Your citations are not in the newest MLA!
we don't use "print" anymore in the new MLA....also these
means that you held the whole printed journal in your hands
from the second floor of the library....i don't think this is the
case...you have to also show the database or website you got the
source from. See the Little Seagull
Works Cited:
ALPHABETICAL ORDER
DOUBLE SPACE
HANGING INDENT
YOU MUST SHOW ALL THE CONTAINERS THAT YOUR
SOURCE WAS IN...The only time you don't mention a database
or website and include the url is if you actually held the official
print publication in your hands!
Review title capitalization rules, and what titles go in quotation

6. marks and what titles go in italics!
Works Cited
Garaigordobil, Maite. "Predictor Variables of Happiness and its
Connection with Risk and Protective Factors for Health."
Frontiers in Psychology, 6.1176 (2015). 1-10. Print.
Graham, Carol et al. "Does Happiness Pay? An Exploration
Based on Panel Data from Russia." Journal of Economic
Behavior and Organization, n.d. 1-22. Print.
Heap, Kris. Happiness is a Habit, eBook www.successfy.net.
Web. March 9. 2020.
Karaşar, Burcu, and Baytemir, Kemal. "Need for Social
Approval and Happiness in College Students: The Mediation
Role of Social Anxiety." Universal Journal of Educational
Research, 6.5 2008). 919-927. Print.
Lesani, Azadesh et al. "Happiness Among College Students: A
Cross-Sectional Web-Based Study Among Iranian Medical
Students." Biotech Health Science, 3.2 (2016). 1-6. Print.
Mehrdadi, Amir et al. "Factors Affecting Happiness: A Cross-
Sectional Study in the Iranian Youth. “Journal of Clinical and
Diagnostic Research, 10.5 (2016). 1-3. Print.
You also are missing some required source types see the
prompt!
Biology
Finding Partners
Most community action plans can benefit from recruiting
partners—individuals or organizations that might help with the
solution to the public health issue. These partners may have
money, special tools or skills, and other resources.
Create a list of at least ten local partners/stakeholders who

7. might be willing to help you implement or develop your own
community action plan. Remember, a stakeholder is a person
with an interest or concern in something. For each potential
partner, include:
1. the potential partner’s name,
2. comprehensive contact information (job title, address, phone,
website, and any assistants’ names),
3. a short explanation of why you think the partner or
stakeholder would be useful to your project, and
4. why you think that particular partner might be interested in
joining your effort—that is, what is the benefit to the partner in
doing so?
Your partners could come from the following (don’t be limited
by this list):
· Government officials (state, regional, local, or federal)
· Local health/public health department agent(s)
· Non-profits or non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Think
broadly. For example, consider national and local organizations
(e.g., men and women’s organizations, schools, government-
funded services, and volunteer organizations).
· Businesses often help fund or implement community projects.
· Colleges or universities may have grants, special departments,
or clubs/organizations.
· Churches or faith-based organizations
Instructions:
· Write a well-organized list that is a 2-3-page paper, not
including the title and reference pages, which are required.
· The paper must be formatted correctly using APA style.
Remember, all research material used in your paper must be
paraphrased and include an in-text citation.
· Be sure you utilize your text appropriately as a reference and
cite at least one other credible external reference such as a
website or journal article to support your proposed resolution of
the case.
· Your external sources can be trade publications, government
information, newspaper articles, or scholarly or peer-reviewed

8. journal articles.
1
Humor is a Weapon That Keeps College Students Happy
Humor is the act of making some funny jokes to make people
laugh. When a person smiles, even if they were angry about
something, they will tend to forget it. For college students who
are angry over some issues, I find laughter to be the best
weapon for them to forget their anger. For example, athletic
students may come from a competition where they did not win.
It makes them gloomy because of the thought. Therefore, humor
can be the best medicine for them.
Humor has been difficult to analyze over time. If a joke is
mentioned and people do not laugh, then the joker has to
explain it, which makes it less of a joke and more of an
elaboration. Hence, people will not laugh as they were supposed
to. Humor is a social phenomenon that is enjoyable and pleasant
when enjoyed by a group of people. For example, when
watching something funny alone, one cannot laugh as much as
they would when with a group of people. Thus, the question of
interest is, can laughter defuse anger in college students and
bring happiness? The problem is crucial because it helps in the
understanding of how humor can get rid of anger. The college
athletic team might disagree with the thesis because they feel
like the anger they have can only disappear with time and not
with the help of humor.
Most people do not believe that humor can defuse anger and
bring happiness, but research has been done on the field and
found that laughter is indeed a weapon. Satisfaction is not only
shown by laughter, but also with smiles and grins. Humor is a
form of communication where the person experiencing the
humor passes it on to others for them to laugh. Thus, for it to
work, the audience must be a group of many people.
Humor is vital in keeping college students happy because they
will tend to make a joke out of every bad situation. For

9. instance, if the athletic students are a bit in a competition, they
can make fun of the moments they experienced, and no one will
be angry about the experience. Staying as a group is also
important because one will not find someone to laugh with if
they are alone. Also, people grow stronger and healthier when
they laugh because they will not have time to think of bad
moments that can stress them.
Overall, to make humor essential tools to release anxiousness
and stresses for college students, humor should be
understandable. For one to laugh when humor is presented, they
must first be able to understand what is said. So, humor should
be composed using understandable words for every individual in
a group to interpret it and laugh. Thus, laughter is a weapon and
a form of communication that is important in a college setup.
Annotated Bibliography
Baisley, Margaret C., and Neil E. Grunberg. "Bringing humor
theory into practice: An interdisciplinary approach to online
humor training." New Ideas in Psychology 55 (2019): 24-34.
The research is about humor theories and their elements. It also
talks about the importance of humor in health and education. It
is good because a positive association was obtained. Further

10. research should be conducted to show the association between
humor and health outcomes.
Gilliam, Linda Marie. Magical Management in the Classroom:
Using Humor to Speak Their Language. Rowman & Littlefield,
2019.
The book talks about how humor can be used to get the attention
of others. It is good, and if a person does not seem to be
interested in what you say, it is good to be patient and learn
their ways; therefore, humor can be the best form of
communication.
Golembeski, Jordan. ": Designing Humor—Employing Humor,
Wit, and Play as a Strategy to Address Serious Issues." (2019).
Here, humor is seen as a serious help in dealing with serious
issues such as blood pressure, also used as a tool in reducing
tension. The article is useful because positive results can be
observed. More research should be conducted on the positive
and negative consequences.
King, Brian. The Laughing Cure: Emotional and Physical
Healing—A Comedian Reveals Why Laughter Really Is the Best
Medicine. Skyhorse, 2016.
The book talks about how humor acts as a medicine that cures
people because happiness comes along with humor. The book is
good for this particular research because it shows that humor
can reduce depression. I suggest that more research should be
conducted to support the idea.
Kalaivani, S., and Karaline Rajkumar. "Laughter is the best
medicine for stress relief." International Journal of Advances in
Nursing Management 5.3 (2017): 262-264.
The journal explains that laughter is the best medicine in
relieving stress. It is good, and the results reveal that when one
is happy, they tend to forget about their worst moments. I
suggest more research to be conducted.
Laursen, Julie. "(No) Laughing Allowed—Humour and the
Limits of Soft Power in Prison." British Journal of Criminology
57.6 (2017): 1340-1358.
The journal talks about how humor helps keep prisoners in a

11. happy mood. It can also relate to college students. It is partially
good because prisoners may be slightly different from students.
I suggest more research to be done on the field.
Mahan, Robert. The Experience of Using Humor in the
Workplace: A Case Study. Diss. Capella University, 2019.
Humor is best when a group of people handles it and not alone.
It is good, and the results show that when working, humor keeps
people motivated to accomplish a specific task when they keep
laughing. I suggest more research to be conducted.
Scheel, Tabea. "Humor and Learning in the Workplace." Humor
at Work in Teams, Leadership, Negotiations, Learning and
Health. Springer, Cham, 2017. 79-94.
The research shows how humor can be used in learning. It is
good, and results show that humor is seen as a form of
motivation and development of a positive attitude towards
learning. I suggest more research to be conducted.
Schwartz, Jesse W. "Preaching to the Choir: Turning Anger Into
Engagement at Urban Community Colleges." Radical Teacher
111 (2018): 6-11.
The article shows how humor can be used to defuse anger. It is
good, and results show that it can help create some form of
engagement in something common. I suggest more research to
be conducted.
Tay, Benedict TC, et al. "Types of humor that robots can play."
Computers in Human Behavior 60 (2016): 19-28.
This is research on humor that can be performed by both robots
and humans. It compares jokes performed by a human and the
ones conducted by a robot to determine the one people like
most. It is good, and results show that people prefer jokes that
can be offensive to be done by a robot. I suggest more research
to be conducted.
INTERVIEW PERMISSION FORM
I give ,____________________________________________,

12. [interviewer/person doing the interview--please print]
permission to use my interview response for academic purposes.
I am aware that these
responses may be used, including my name, in an essay that
may be available to the public.
Print name:
_____________________________________________________
[interviewee/person being interviewed]
Sign & Date:
____________________________________________________
[interviewee/person being interviewed]
I, the interviewer, promise to keep the response in context and
not misrepresent it as I quote, summarize, and/or paraphrase the
response in ways that best suit the assignment’s purpose and its
audience.
Print name:
_____________________________________________________
[interviewer/person doing the interview]
Sign & Date:
____________________________________________________
[interviewer/person doing the interview]
Investigating Happiness at College
SNAPSHOT:

13. TOPIC Either a specific group related to college or a
factor within
college life that possibly affects a specified group of
college
students or students in general.
PITCH Present your topic and your research question
to the class—
shark tank! Sound too scary? How about guppy tank
?).
Tentative due date: 2/5 & 2/7
ESSAY 1 The prospectus and the annotated
bibliography.
Tentative due date: 2/21
ESSAY 2 Change in your topic or conducting your
own study
Tentative due date: 3/16
ESSAY 3 Argument about a specific controversy
within your topic
Tentative due date: 4/6
ESSAY 4 Answers and argues your refined research
question about the
importance of your topic.
Tentative due date: 4/24

14. ♥ Rough drafts with reflections about what is working
and not working and
WHY will be required for the prospectus and essays
2 and 3. The work
on the rough draft and the reflections will count
toward your essay grade.
♥ Final reflections submitted the class period after you
submit your final
draft for essays 2-4 will also count as part of your
essay grade.
♥ You will upload your drafts on Moodle. You will
be asked to identify the
portions of the sources you used and submit hard
copies of your sources
in a folder or files of your sources online.
Investigating Happiness at College:
Some questions that will help you form your own
research
questions:
● Is happiness a necessity or a perk in college life?
● What do the expectations of happiness and the
pursuit of
happiness reveal about a specific college group,
college
students in general, or another college-related group?
● Considering both on-campus factors and off-campus

15. factors
(at least at first), what most influences your group’s
happiness (or unhappiness)?
● Is there one major factor (on campus or off
campus) you
would want to investigate that affects students’
happiness?
● How do the expectations about happiness that
society has in
general or a certain specific segment of society (for
instance, parents) has, relate to college or college
students?
● How much do preconceived notions and expectations
about
college life affect student happiness?
● Hard work is hard to enjoy. So how do students
balance that
hard work with the other joys of life?
This semester you will be investigating happiness and
some aspect of college life. You will either pick
some SPECIFIC GROUP you are interested in
studying. Here are some examples of a SPECIFIC
GROUP : first-year athletes (or better: freshman
football redshirts), sorority members, RAs, members of
religious groups, art students, students who work on
campus, international students (or better: Puerto
Rican college students), cafeteria workers, and so
forth.
OR you will investigate a certain aspect of college

16. life that FACTORS into either the overall college
students’ happiness or some segment of college
students’ happiness. Here are some examples of
FACTORS : technology, parking, textbooks, teaching
style, major selection, on-campus jobs, work,
parental pressure, procrastination, and so forth—though
I would suggest tying these to a specific group,
such as first-year students or early admission students,
I won’t require it.
Just note : it is better to start too specifically on a
narrow GROUP or FACTOR ; then, if the need
arises,
you can broaden the GROUP or FACTOR . You
might start your investigation with Puerto Rican
students, but find you have to expand it to students
from US territories, then students whose first
language is Spanish, and so forth.
Note that it is usually more interesting to study a
group that you are not a member of or that you
want to
understand better; however, this is not a requirement.
MOST IMPORTANTLY : FOLLOW WHAT
YOU ARE MOST INTERESTED IN—BEING
INTERESTED IN YOUR TOPIC MAKES A HUGE
DIFFERENCE FOR HOW YOUR SEMESTER GOES!
ENGLISH 102: RESEARCH ASSIGNMENTS
● The Pitch
● Prospectus & Annotated Bibliography Essay 1

17. ● Essays 2 & 3
● Essay 4
THE PITCH (tentative due date 2/5 & 2/7)
You will make a minute-long pitch in class (each
class decided to do this method). You will justify
your
planned topic and why you want to research it. You
will center the pitch around your research question.
By the time you submit your pitch, you will have
familiarized yourself with preliminary research about
your topic to get a general view of it and its
viability. What is the question about your topic that
you
want an answer to this semester? What have you
found in your preliminary research about it? Why is
it
valuable to research and study this specific topic?
Think Shark Tank--or how about guppy tank .
PROSPECTUS & ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ESSAY
1 (tentative due date 2/21)
1) In the Prospectus (500-750 words/MLA format),
you will explain your research topic for the semester
and what you plan to do for each essay. The
prospectus is more informal and you can use “I” in
it; it
won’t include sources because you should be writing
it from your general knowledge of the topic
without referring to specific sources. See pages 215-
18 in C&RG and my guidelines below. Note that

18. this is not just something you can write from the
top of your head. This takes a lot of legwork and
preliminary thinking, discussing, and research to be
sure it is a viable topic with viable mini-topics for
essays 2 and 3.
2) The annotated bibliography is a list of sources
that will serve as the foundation for your research
this
semester. It is a list of at least 10 sources (see
the specific requirements below) in MLA Works Cited
style, but in addition to the source information, you
provide information about the sources such as author
information and context, the type of source it is, a
summary of the source, quick evaluation, specific
sections that are of interest, your reactions to it,
and how you might use this in your essays this
semester.
See the specific directions in C&RG 219-220 about
multi-source annotated bibs and my example that is
linked in the assignment when we did our first
annotated bib entry. Please note, that the summary of
the
source must be your own summary—you cannot just
use the abstract that comes with the article!
Plagiarism rules apply! In each entry think: context ,
main point, summary, evaluation, and reflection
about how it might work into your essays this
semester.
The bibliography must contain the following types of
sources, but you are welcome and encouraged to

19. have more:
● at least 4 scholarly secondary sources (from
academic journals)
● at least 1 other secondary source (reliable but not
necessarily scholarly)
● at least 2 nonfiction primary sources
● at least 1 creative primary source
● the remaining sources should be reliable and
appropriate for academic essays.
WHAT TO INCLUDE IN YOUR PROSPECTUS
Introduction
See the section about the prospectus in the
Composition and Rhetoric Guide for more specific
help.
Describe your group or the factor you are
investigating and the connection to happiness. Why
you chose this group or factor and what about it
interests you. Say what you hope to argue/prove
OR, best, present your research question. You might
find writing and reviewing this paragraph
helps you with your pitch.
Each Body section 1-3 should develop most of the
following areas:
What you hope to discover/prove in this essay or
your limited research question geared to this
essay and any necessary explanation that will help
your audience. What opposition might say
(and perhaps how you might persuade them). What
specific categories of sources you might

20. look for and what sources do you already plan to
use. What primary sources you might use to
illustrate your point. What troubles you anticipate
having.
Body Section 1 (this corresponds to Essay 2-- make
sure you review the prompt for this essay below
before you tackle this !). For this essay you’ll have
two choices:
Option 1: explain a significant change in the group
or factor related to happiness and what you might
argue about it.
Option 2: You’ll do your own study on your
topic, and then in an essay modeled off a scholarly
research article, you will report what previous
scholars have said, how you conducted your study,
your findings from your own field research, and your
conclusions based on your research.
*For both options, you’ll discuss what type of field
study you are planning to conduct to gather
first-hand information and why you plan to use that
type.
Body Section Two (this corresponds to Essay 3--make
sure you review the prompt for this essay below!)
identifies and explains a controversial issue within
your topic and how you will tackle the argument.

21. Body Section Three (this corresponds to Essay 4--
make sure you review the prompt for this essay
below!)
explain why your research is important to pursue
and what impacts it might reveal. This essay will
try
to answer in an argument your main research
question for the semester. Also consider why your
audience should care about the group/factor you
focused on and what is the impact of your
findings on the group itself, students, colleges, and
possibly communities? You may also end up
discussing some of the implications for the future.
Conclusion
Why it is worth studying? Why is it important to
study? Overall opposition/what different sides will
say? Return to your thesis or research question and
consider what you think you’ll discover and
why.
Your annotated bibliography will then follow on a
new page but will be submitted in the same file as
the
prospectus.
ESSAYS 2-3, OVERALL REQUIREMENTS
● Each essay must make a well-supported argument
with well-integrated sources and be

22. based on the assigned prompts below. To get a
passing grade: you must support an
arguable thesis based on your own thoughts about
your topic and the sources you have
read and the research you have conducted; each must
also be a 1,000-1,300 words, have 5-6
sources minimum (see the individual requirements for
each essay) that are cited in the style
required for each essay. See the syllabus about the
other requirements as far as rough
draft, final draft, and revision submissions.
● Sources must be well-integrated in the text of the
essay with the use of direct quotation,
summary, and paraphrase as well as in-text citations.
A Works Cited must be included, and
though it is the last page of your essay it does
not count as part of the word requirement!
● You will upload your drafts on Moodle.
● You will be asked to identify the portions of the
sources you used and submit hard copies of
your sources in a folder or files of your sources
online.
● Be sure to review the rubrics and checklist in
The Composition and Rhetoric Guide as you
draft and revise!
ESSAY 2: ARGUMENT/1,000 WORDS/6 INTEGRATED

23. SOURCES/MLA/WORKS CITED
(tentative due date 3/16)
Option 1: Argue a significant change in the group
or factor related to happiness.
Option 2: You’ll do your own study on your
topic, and then in an essay modeled off a scholarly
research article, you will report what previous
scholars have said, how you conducted your study,
your findings from your own field research, and your
conclusions based on your research.
Things to consider if you are writing about change:
Have things always been this way? If not, what
sparked a change? What caused the problem/issue to
begin or become significant? What kind of impact
did the significant change have on members of your
selected group or on the impression of the factor
you are focused on? How do current college students
reflect/or not reflect this change?
If you are going to conduct your own study,
you’ll figure out the best way to try to collect
information
about the group or factor, how you’ll conduct your
study, how you plan to collect information from the
subjects you are studying. You’ll also consider what
other researchers have found as you figure this all
out. Finally, you’ll make some conclusions about your
findings.
Required minimum source guidelines:
● at least 1 scholarly secondary source from an
academic journal

24. ● at least 1 secondary nonfiction book source (does
not need to be scholarly)
● at least 1 field research primary source that you
conducted yourself.
● at least 1 primary nonfiction source or at least 1
creative media primary
source (try to have both of these because you’ll be
more likely to meet the
final essay 4 required sources)
● a reliable source of any type (student’s choice) that
is appropriate for an
academic audience and purpose
ESSAY 3: ARGUMENT/1,000 WORDS/5 INTEGRATED
SOURCES/MLA & APA/WORKS
CITED & REFERENCES
(tentative due date 4/6)
For the third research essay, you will make a formal
argument regarding a controversial issue within
your topic having to do with the group or factor
you have been studying this semester. This will be
an
academic essay, but if you wish you could gear
your argument to your particular group or college
students in general. So for instance, if you are
studying how parents affect college student happiness,
you might choose to write to an audience of college

25. students to convince them of something about their
parents OR you might write to an audience of
parents to try to convince them of something about
their
college students. If you don’t want to aim toward a
specific audience, you’ll be writing to a general
audience.
Required minimum source guidelines:
Three scholarly secondary sources
Two primary
ESSAY 4: ARGUMENT/2,000 WORDS/MUST BE
SUBMITTED TO MOODLE/10
SOURCES/WORKS CITED
(tentative due date 4/24)
All of the same submission standards for Essays 2-3
listed above apply to this essay except the word
count and number of sources: 2000 words and a
minimum of 10 sources as listed below.
This essay is the culmination of all your work this
semester. Based on what you have learned this
semester, you will argue the role of happiness in
your group or how it relates to the factor you’ve
chosen. Can happiness factor into student success?
What is student success: social? academic?
self-confidence? resiliency? a good job? a proud
family? Should students expect to be happy most of
the
time in college? Alternatively, do students understand
that hard work and tough choices may lead to
greater happiness later? Should colleges (including
students) do more to promote happiness and

26. well-being? Should students care more about their own
foundational happiness? What are the
implications for the future? What needs to be studied
more?
You will be using parts of your other essays to
complete this one, BUT this should feel like a new
essay
and not just a copy and paste job! You most likely
have to do some new research to support your
thesis.
Required minimum source guidelines:
Seven scholarly (at least three academic journals)
Three primary (at least one creative source)
See my syllabus about what to do if Essay 1
doesn’t go well & revising Essays 2, & 3 for a
new grade
and the required procedure and last day of
submission for doing this. If you are unhappy with
your
grade, you should come to see me immediately and
use the writing center to get help. There is a
portfolio review option as well if you have made
improvements over the semester—see the explanation
in the Composition and Rhetoric Guide . Please ask
for help if you are feeling stuck!
REFLECTION PORTION OF YOUR ESSAY GRADE
You will be asked to submit a rough draft with a

27. detailed description of what you think is working
and not working and why. Failure to reflect in
depth will lower your essay grade and I will not
give
feedback on any essay that does not include this
detailed reflection. This draft and your reflections on
it
may count toward your overall grade on that essay.
When you finish a final draft of essays 2, 3, and
4, on the next class day, you will submit a
reflection
that’s at least three paragraphs that contain the
following:
♥ Paragraph 1: You will reflect on what’s working
and not working on the essay and WHY this is
and assign a letter grade to your essay that you
believe would be fair based on the final product
(not necessarily the effort you put into it)—you can
use the self-analysis rubric to guide you.
♥ Paragraph 2: You’ll discuss the decisions you made
during the writing of the essay, both on the
page and in how you allotted time and effort. So
you might discuss why you tried an informal
but catchy introduction and your decision to have a
two-paragraph conclusion with sources cited
in it, and then discuss that you really thought a lot
about writing the essay for the whole week but
when it came down to it you started to work on
the final draft at 9PM before it was due and you
ran out of time and energy.
♥ Paragraph 3: You’ll reflect on what you are
learning about writing and yourself as a writer.

28. Please be extra careful to follow my submission
instructions for drafts and final drafts.