1.What is the psychological term for the symptoms James experiences after abstaining from consuming alcohol? How do changes in the functioning of neurotransmitter systems produce these symptoms? 2.With reference to associative learning principles/models/theories, why does James consume alcohol to alleviate these symptoms? What motivates his drinking behaviour given that he no longer enjoys this activity (most of the time)? 3.How do these factors prevent James from quitting his drinking, and lead to a cycle of relapse when he attempts to do so? Why are these processes important for our understanding of addiction and substance use disorders. 1 Page at least 3 sources APA .

1. 1.What is the psychological term for the symptoms James
experiences after abstaining from consuming
alcohol? How do changes in the functioning of neurotransmitter
systems produce these symptoms?
2.With reference to associative learning
principles/models/theories, why does James consume alcohol
to alleviate these symptoms? What motivates his drinking
behaviour given that he no longer enjoys this
activity (most of the time)?
3.How do these factors prevent James from quitting his
drinking, and lead to a cycle of relapse when he
attempts to do so? Why are these processes important for our
understanding of addiction and
substance use disorders.
1 Page
at least 3 sources
APA