Running head: ALCOHOL USE ALCOHOL USE The use of alcohol has become common in this era. The most affected are college students. It has also become a significant issue in public, which has affected, which has led to a health crisis as a college student who sees alcohol being used by other students becomes a significant issue. College is all about having fun and getting to interact. Most of the students overdo the fun, and they end up in a bad company or ruining their lives. Young people aged 18 to 24 are likely to become an alcohol addict. College is one way, or the other creates some natural anxiety among the students. The students often get tempted to drink alcohol because it is a way of socializing among them. The students do no start drinking immediately, but they do it on a routine basis, which contributes to their addiction (Karam, Kypri & Salamoun, 2007). Causes The rising cases of alcohol use among college students can be attributed to several things. The key things that contribute to alcohol use are: Stress. Many students are facing high demand from their part-time jobs, course work, and social obligations, which makes them turn into the use of drugs. Once the students feel they have too much pressure to do all those things at the same time, they will end up looking for something that will relieve the stress. It is, in this case, that they end up using alcohol to calm them. Course load. Most of the students out there are getting too much work. The students are attending their classes during the day, but at night they are working. In this case, they will be forced to stay awake. Some of them may end up using stimulants like Adderall to help them awake. Some of them will opt to use alcohol since it will stimulate them to stay awake. Most students, in this case, are overworking and trying to finish their assignment on time which makes them use some of these drugs which are harmful to their bodies. Peer pressure. Another most significant cause of drinking alcohol among college students is peer pressure. College students are often surrounded by their friends whom they learn together or stay together. Their friends will be involved in taking alcohol or attending parties. They will try and bring them along. In the process, they will make them test some alcohol. The students will end up testing, and after a few times, they will find themselves liking the drink. Curiosity: some students can take alcohol due to curiosity. This means that they will want to try what their friends are doing. They want to experiment with how it feels like taking alcohol, and in the process, they end up addicted. Effects So far, alcohol is the most commonly used drug among students. Alcohol is present everywhere, including in house parties, get together, and sporting events. The college ...

1. Running head: ALCOHOL USE
ALCOHOL USE
The use of alcohol has become common in this era. The most
affected are college students. It has also become a significant
issue in public, which has affected, which has led to a health
crisis as a college student who sees alcohol being used by other
students becomes a significant issue. College is all about having
fun and getting to interact. Most of the students overdo the fun,
and they end up in a bad company or ruining their lives. Young
people aged 18 to 24 are likely to become an alcohol addict.
College is one way, or the other creates some natural anxiety
among the students. The students often get tempted to drink
alcohol because it is a way of socializing among them. The
students do no start drinking immediately, but they do it on a
routine basis, which contributes to their addiction (Karam,
Kypri & Salamoun, 2007).
Causes
The rising cases of alcohol use among college students can be
attributed to several things. The key things that contribute to
alcohol use are:
Stress. Many students are facing high demand from their part-
time jobs, course work, and social obligations, which makes
them turn into the use of drugs. Once the students feel they have
too much pressure to do all those things at the same time, they
will end up looking for something that will relieve the stress. It
is, in this case, that they end up using alcohol to calm them.
Course load. Most of the students out there are getting too much
work. The students are attending their classes during the day,
but at night they are working. In this case, they will be forced
to stay awake. Some of them may end up using stimulants like
Adderall to help them awake. Some of them will opt to use
alcohol since it will stimulate them to stay awake. Most
students, in this case, are overworking and trying to finish their

2. assignment on time which makes them use some of these drugs
which are harmful to their bodies.
Peer pressure. Another most significant cause of drinking
alcohol among college students is peer pressure. College
students are often surrounded by their friends whom they learn
together or stay together. Their friends will be involved in
taking alcohol or attending parties. They will try and bring them
along. In the process, they will make them test some alcohol.
The students will end up testing, and after a few times, they will
find themselves liking the drink.
Curiosity: some students can take alcohol due to curiosity. This
means that they will want to try what their friends are doing.
They want to experiment with how it feels like taking alcohol,
and in the process, they end up addicted.
Effects
So far, alcohol is the most commonly used drug among students.
Alcohol is present everywhere, including in house parties, get
together, and sporting events. The college students, in this case,
need up taking too much alcohol, unlike their peers. One of the
significant effects of drinking alcohol is that it affects the
health of students. The student’s health will be affected and will
end up getting health issues. The other thing is that too much
drinking of alcohol leads to addiction. Addiction is a state
where the students cannot do without alcohol. They drink all the
time in a way that they cannot do anything constructive.
Some of the students will engage in heavy drinking. Almost all
college students drink too much alcohol, which affects their
health. Too much alcohol will affect the lives of the students,
which ends up affecting their lives. Too much alcohol, in this
case, leads to a bad relationship. The alcoholic will want to
isolate themselves, and in this case, they destroy the
relationship with their friends and even their partners.
Poor grades
Too much alcohol will affects the student's academics. They
will end up prioritizing alcohol hence failing to attend their
classes or even completing their homework. They will even

3. forget to study for their exams. One in 5 college students has
admitted to having poor grades or struggling with their
academics due to alcohol use (Kremer & Levy, 2008). The
students will have to retake their units, and in this case, the
parent will use too much money.
Risking injury
Too much drinking will also increase the risk of the student
getting injured. The student may get minor cuts or, in other
cases, may break their body parts. A student who has high blood
alcohol content is likely to get injured easily. It has been
reported that each year over 70000 students get injured because
of heavy drinking. The injuries can be informed of muscle
sprains, fractures, and bruising. Students that have depression
issues can threaten their lives through the consumption of
alcohol.
Victim of assault
Alcohol use lowers the student’s inhibition, which makes them
vulnerable to sexual or physical assaults. It has been reported
that over 800000 students aged 18 to 24 have been assaulted and
were under the influence of alcohol. Sexual assault is a common
crime that alcoholic students face. Perpetrators often target
those students who have been drinking a lot. The students
cannot defend themselves whenever drunk. Here the
perpetrators take advantage and get what they want from the
students. The students end up getting pregnant as others
contract various diseases such as sexually transmitted diseases
and HIV and Aids.
The school has a club that helps alcoholic students. The club
has been there for some time, and it has a counselor who talks
to the students regularly. The other thing is that the students
engage in various activities, such as helping within the school
compound whenever free. Such things activities will keep them
engaged and forget about drinking alcohol. The other activity is
that they get to meet with other students where they share ideas
instead of spending that time drinking. Students who are free
and have nothing to do are tempted to take alcohol

4. Conclusion
The issue of alcohol is on the rise among college students.
Many students have fallen victim to who has affected their
personal lives, health status, and academic lives. In this case,
alcohol students often face many challenges trying to balance a
lot of things (Wolff & Crockett, 2019). The students, in this
case, need to be given an easy time while in school, and the
school needs to take the role of educating the students on the
effects of alcohol use.
References
Karam, E., Kypri, K., & Salamoun, M. (2007). Alcohol use
among college students: an international perspective. Current
opinion in psychiatry, 20(3), 213-221.
Kremer, M., & Levy, D. (2008). Peer effects and alcohol use
among college students. Journal of Economic
Perspectives, 22(3), 189-206.
Wolff, J. M., & Crockett, L. J. (2019). Decision-making
processes and alcohol use among college students. Journal of
American College Health, 67(7), 627-637.
English 101
Argument/Persuasive Element
Concession/Rebuttal Paragraph
A concession/rebuttal (counterargument) paragraph needs to be
composed of a concession point that looks at an opposing
viewpoint and your rebuttal of that point. It is important to
maintain a professional and empathetic voice throughout this
section. Remember it will be the strength of ideas that will sway
your audience, not the snippiness in your voice. Here are some
things to remember when creating and completing this element
of your research essay.
1. Transitions – Remember that you are changing tasks when
you begin to look at an opposing viewpoint. The previous

5. section was filled with support points that clarified your stance.
You need to alert your audience to the change of purpose as you
enter your concession. A proper transition should only be a
sentence or two, but it will clearly signal to your audience that
you are doing something different. Keep in mind that you are
not only transitioning out of support and into the concession,
but also out of the rebuttal and into another support paragraph
or conclusion.
2. Concession – For a strong concession/rebuttal section, it is
important that you identify an opposition view point that you
can empathize with or at least find validity in. This is important
because a strong concession will spend time clarifying, in an
even handed manner, what this point is and why it is
compelling. Keep in mind that a good concession point
convinces your audience that you have looked at all
perspectives on the issue, and that you have done so with care
and diligence. This strengthens your position in the audiences’
mind and makes them more likely to agree with you in the end.
It is important to avoid a list of concession points and focus in
on one specific point the opposition may have to your argument.
3. Rebuttal – This section should take your opposition to task.
Analyze why this opposition point is weak and is ultimately not
strong enough to sway your opinion. Try to be specific in this
section and not fall into expressing grand generalities. In the
same way that your concession point is narrow and specific, you
want to be sure that your refutation is aimed at picking apart
this specific point. Be careful of the rebuttal sounding too much
like a conclusion or recap of your major support points.
Continue to be mindful of your tone and don’t go overboard
cutting the opposition down, but you do want to be on the
offensive.
Example Concession/Rebuttal Paragraph:

6. Though the problems with doctor-assisted suicide are many,
there are proponents of legalization of assisted suicide. Those in
favor of legalizing doctor assisted suicide will point to medical
cases where a patient has been deemed terminally ill, and argue
that these patients should have the ability to end their suffering
on their terms. It is true that many patients who are terminally
ill suffer for lengths of time while their body holds onto life. It
can be very painful for loved ones to have to watch their parent,
partner, or child go through this. The process of death can be
very ugly and bring people to question what is right and wrong
in terms ending a life with assistance from a doctor. While it is
easy to find compassion in this perspective, it creates some
major problems if doctor assisted suicide was legalized to end
patient suffering. We would be changing the role doctor’s have
been trained to play. Doctor’s take an oath to do all they are
capable of to save a life. If assisted suicide was legalize doctors
would be forced to end life. They would be put in the position
of having to decide who can die. Not only does this compromise
the morality of a doctor, but it opens the door to many legal
issues hospitals would have to face. Families and loved ones of
a patient whose life was terminated may take legal action if they
were not behind the decision. Hospitals and doctors sole focus
should be on maintaining health, not ending life.
When outlining a C/R paragraph, please consider the following
format:
1. (CP) – Here I will present a full sentence that captures the
Concession Point (opposition point of view).
· Jot in some info to show how I will explain/validate/develop
this idea
(RP) – Here I will present a full sentence that captures my
Rebuttal Point (refutation to the opposition).

7. · Jot in some info to show how I will explain/develop my
rebuttal.
Rubric for Essay I – Final Draft
Essay I
5
4
3
2
1
Formatting of Essay – Follows MLA Expectations, Use ‘First
Page Blueprint’ Handout – scored out of 5pts
Response to Assignment – Appropriately addresses the topic
and follows basic requirements (page length, 4-5 body
paragraphs, PIES structure, source use and citations) – scored
out of 25pts
Quality and Clarity of Thought – Essay contains clear and
complex thinking connecting to a specific thesis. BP’s focused
on specific idea (in the P) that is thoroughly developed and with
min 3 Source supports that connect to P– scored out of 25pts

8. Organization, Development, and Thought – Essay paragraphs
follow discussed organizational methods from class. PIES is
used and body paragraphs have balanced development of 1
specific point, source use in mid 1/3 – scored out of 25 pts
Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics – Essay is ‘clean’ and avoids
errors. Successful editing necessary – scored out of 20pts
English 101 Final Project Essay
Assignment
For the final project in this course, each student will
produce an essay informing your audience on the causes and
effects of an issue young adults/students face and “solutions’
that can be supported or implemented through a school
organization/club to combat the issue. The organization/club is
your creation (and will be featured in your presentation),
although you may take cues from already existing organizations
working on the same issue. Your essay should inform the
audience on background/history (intro), causes, effects, and
ways to deal with or solve this problem (body paragraphs). In
this assignment handout, you will find information on Topic
Choice, and Essay Guidelines and Requirements:
Possible topics to locate ‘issue’ – check larger list of examples
on Canvas
Issues of Faith/Religious Tolerance

9. Impact of Social Media/technology
Drugs/Alcohol
Emotional Stress/Self-Esteem (body-image/depression)
Gender Issues/LGBTQ Equality
The Environment/Climate Change
TOPIC CHOICE – THESIS PROPOSAL
Each student will choose a topic from the above list or
propose a unique topic to the instructor during the proposal
process. Any and all topics and theses must be approved as part
of the proposal, due Tuesday, Mar. 3rd. Once approval for the
topic and thesis has been given, the topic cannot change. Slight
adjustments to the thesis may occur, but you should try to avoid
a major shift. The proposal form will be found on our class
Canvas page, and online submissions are expected. Consider
which topic will best fit your needs both in terms of personal
interest, but also the assignment requirements (note: a list of
recent topics/issues students have researched is on Canvas).
A GENERAL OVERVIEW – ESSAY ASSIGNMENT
Your final assignment will consist of a research paper 4-6
pages in length, typed and double-spaced. The essay will be an
informative essay that discusses the current issue in society
affecting young adults and highlights what your organization
can do to combat it, so there is an element of persuasion.
Standard MLA documentation must be utilized with all source
use. You will begin the assignment by first conducting
exploratory research looking for articles, and also investigating
an organization working on the issue. After learning about their
efforts, each author will perform further research using the
library databases to help learn about and support what their
‘original’ organization can/needs to do to improve this issue.
Over the course of your research, you will find information
about the social issue, its causes and effects, as well as discover
possible solutions your organization could offer.
RESEARCH GUIDELINES
This assignment requires the use of at least 3 research

10. sources.Two of these sources should come from the
Cascadia/UWB Library. Use the periodicals and bookstacks
(physical sources) or the Library Database to locate sources. If
you find a source outside of Cascadia’s library (like an org.
webpage or news article), you must approach me before going
forward with the source. All Internet sources must be approved
by instructor before inclusion into your essay! In-text
documentation must follow MLA guidelines and an appropriate
works cited page is also required. The essay must follow MLA
guidelines for formatting and citations.
AUDIENCE
Your audience is undecided on your issue, and needs to
be informed on the topic, so that they can understand its
importance. This should guide your tone and presentation of the
issue. It’s important to stay formal, and not to take for granted
the needs of your audience. Your audience is at your education
level and therefore, has an introductory knowledge of your topic
but needs some explanation of the complexities of the issue
(causes/effects), so that they feel the need to take action and
support your organization’s work on it. It may be helpful to
imagine that your audience is looking at multiple issues and
considering which one they want to “invest” in trying to deal
with. Your job (purpose) as author is to convince them that your
issue is most critical, and your organization is well-suited to
respond to the problem.
ORGANIZATION STRATEGIES FOR YOUR ESSAY
Introduction: Help your audience understand the student issue
you chose by providing a sense of the issues relevance, as well
as any background info or terminology necessary for
comprehension. The intro will also need to preview the main
ideas you are going to present in your BP’s. This introduction
should conclude with a focused thesis statement presenting a
specific stance/position/perspective on the issue.
BODY: This section will generally have three main functions

11. (although the balance may be different depending on the topic):
reporting to your audience on the causes of this issue, exploring
the effects this issue has on students, and providing how a
school organization/club would work to improve the situation or
help students overcome the issue. The issue or topic of your
paper will guide what the support should focus on, but reflect
back on the various support approaches used in Essay I and II
for help, and let your research guide your major points. Support
section 4-6 paragraphs.
Conclusion: This is your last chance to push the importance
that this issue is taken seriously. Use this as a lawyer uses a
closing argument to demonstrate how your body evidence of
support proves your stance to be logical and coherent.
Discussion of “what’s at stake” if nothing is done to deal with
the issue may also play a role in the conclusion. Conclusion
should be 1 paragraph in length.
Requirements:
· 12pt – Times New Roman
· Double spaced with title and header on first page
· A minimum of 4 pages, max of 6
· Must use at least 3 different text(s) and no more than 5.
· Proper MLA In-text documentation and Works Cited page
Assignments and Due Dates
· Proposal and Annotated Bib of min. of 2 database/library
sources and 1 organization website due Mar. 3rd (10pts)
· Detailed outline due Mar. 10th (20pts) and rough draft on Mar.
17th (20pts)
· Final Draft due on Thursday, Mar. 18th (100pts)