1. WHAT DO WE WANT?

8. Groups make decisions that lead in a new direction.
Individuals change behavior.

9. workshop
study circle
future search
public hearing citizen survey
website appreciative inquiry
newsletter hotline
charrette
asset mapping
deliberative dialogue town hall
open house radio spot
online social networking
world café
press release
email newsletter
open space technology
asset mapping focus group
stakeholder interview

11. Arnstein’s Ladder of Citizen Participation

13. Understand the Complexity of the Decision . . .
more complex
less complex

14. Type of Decision
Routine Controversial
Technical Decision Values-Based Decision
Known, accepted values Values in conflict

15. Stakeholder Characteristics
Known, easy to identify Unkown, hard to identify
Small number Large number
Homogenous Diverse
Equal power and resources Unbalanced power and resources
Important stakeholders have Important stakeholders outside
power power structure

16. Decision Phase / Implementation
Issues
Decision already made Decision needs to be made
Single entity can Implementation requires
implement multi-party collaboration
Implementation Stage Goal Setting, Idea Generation,
Selection of Alternatives
People generally agree Legitimacy of sponsor action is
the sponsor has the right in question.
to act.
Sponsor has legal Sponsor needs others to take
authority to make legal action.
decision.

17. Understand the Complexity of the Decision . . .
more complex
less complex
. . . to Choose the Right Type of Public Involvement

18. Uni-Directional Communication
public hearing?
newsletter recorded
hotline
radio spot
website
press release
Purpose: Inform, Educate Feedback Loops: Minimal or None

19. Bi-Directional Communication
stakeholder interview focus group
workshop
charrette?
citizen survey
live hotline
public hearing?
open house
Purpose: Generate Ideas, Solicit Feedback Feedback Loops: Some

20. Multi-Directional Communication
charrette? deliberative
dialogue
world café
social
networking
future search
asset mapping
open space
technology
Purpose: Develop Collaborative Action Feedback Loops: Many

21. So what?

22. Assessment Tool

23. Decision Analysis for Sustainability

24. Many Hands . . . The Only Way

25. One Question . . .