An Eye of technology For the people who suffer with PALS (People with ALS). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a debilitating, neurodegenerative disease. Its various symptoms include dysphagia, dysarthria, respiratory distress, pain, and psychological disorders. It is characterized by progressive muscular paralysis reflecting degeneration of motor neurons, conspiratorial tracts and the spinal cord. Most cases of ALS are readily diagnosed and the error rate of diagnosis in large ALS clinics is less than 10%. 1.2 VISION SYSTEM FOR HUMAN COMMUNICATION How do you communicate when your brain is active but your body isn't? The Project Oculus, designed to communicate for those who is suffering from ALS, uses low-cost eye-tracking glasses and open-source software to allow people suffering from any kind of neuromuscular syndrome to write and draw by tracking their eye movement and translating it to lines on a screen.

1. WHEN HAND WON’T WORK, THE NEW TECHNOLOGY
TRACK EYE MOVEMENT FOR COMPUTING OPERATION
HEAD OF
DEPARTMENT:
Designed By:
Chandan kumar Mishra,
Sunny Mishra, Hari
Shankar, Ashish Pandey,
Babita Kumari
Mr. Praveen
Srivastava
(Asst. Prof. )
UNDER THE
SUPERVISION:
Mr. Amit Nigam
(Asst. Prof. )

2. OUTLINES
Introduction to our System Design
How Does our Eye work?
Mechanism of Eye Movement
Philosophical View Ocular Technology
Looking Forward for future
Application of Oculus

3. Introduction to our System Design
We have Project
Oculus
Our System Oculus is
Based on the Ocular
Recognition
Technology Which is
the most recent
famous Technology. In
our System we have a
Camera with a System
to Detect Eye

4. Introduction to our System Design
Eye-gaze is an input mode which has the
potential of an efficient computer
interface. Eye movement has been the
focus of research in this area. Non-
intrusive eye gaze tracking that allows
slight head movement is addressed in this
project. A small 2D mark is employed as a
reference to compensate for this
movement. The iris center has been
chosen for purposes of measuring eye
movement. The gaze point is estimated
after acquiring the eye movement data.
Preliminary experimental results are given

5. Introduction to our System Design
Ocular technology is a techniques which provides an individual’s eye
movements are measured so that the researcher knows both where a
person is looking at any given time and the sequence in which their
eyes are shifting from one location to another.
It provide visual and display-based information processing and the
factors that may impact upon the usability of system interfaces.
Scan patterns give delayed information about the mental processes
that are developing in a person’s mind and reveal what visual
information is (going to be) used by these processes.

6. Introduction to our System Design
Scan patterns give delayed information about the mental processes that are
developing in a person’s mind and reveal what visual information is (going to
be) used by these processes.

7. Introduction to our System Design
Eye Tracking
Device
Operators
ALS/CP
Patients
Web
Surfers,…
ADS
AAC
….
ADS: Advanced Driver Support Systems
AAC: Augmentative & Alternative Communication
Collect Eye Data Interpret Eye Data

8. HOW DOES OUR EYEWORK
Physiology of the EYE

9. How Does our eye work?

10. How Does our eye work?

11. How Does our eye work?
Aq. Humor refraction index = 1.3
Distance from corneal center to Pupil center = 4.5mm
Radius of corneal sphere = 7.8mm

12. Mechanism of Eye Movement
CAN YOU BELIEVE YOUR EYE

13. Mechanism of Eye Movement
We move our eyes
using the extra ocular
muscles. As seen in
the diagram, there are
three pairs of muscles
which control the
direction of eye
movements.

14. Mechanism of Eye Movement
We have
. Conjugate eye movements are those that preserve the angular
relationship between the right and left eyes.
• Vergence eye movements are ones where the angle between they
eyes changes.
• Saccades or saccadic eye movements are very fast jumps from one
eye position to another.
• Smooth pursuit movements are just as their name implies. The
eyes move smoothly instead of in jumps.

15. Philosophical View Ocular Technology
• What is EGT
eye gaze——The line from the fovea through the center of
the pupil is the line of sight (LoS). Usually, we take the optical axis as line of
gaze (LoG). LoG can be approximate to LoS. In fact, LoS determines a
person’s visual attention.
eye gazeTracking——By image Processing,if the LoG or LoS
can be estimated, the point of regard (POR) is computed as the intersection
intersection of the LoG (or LoS) with the object of the scene or space.
• History and Development of EGT
Interests of Visual attention can be traced back to 1897. At that time, it was a kind of
diagnostic research, i.e. the recording of eye movement. Those technologies include
ophthalmometer, Mechanical Method, Electro-Oculography (EOG), Optical-based Method ,
electromagnetic Oculography eye movement initially applied in medical research, such as
brain and physiology analysis. with the development of Electronics, Computer and Image
processing technology, further research focuses on Eye GazeTrackingTechnology .

16. Philosophical View Ocular Technology
• eye tracking techniques：
1. Direct Observation： ophthalmometer, peep-hole method
2. Mechanic Method：use level to record eye movement
3. Optical-based Method ：Reflection Method （mirror or prism）、Pupil-Corneal
reflection、Purkinje Image
4. Electro-Oculography (EOG): recorded the difference in the skin potential
5. Electromagnetic Oculography ：The users gaze is estimated from measuring the
the voltage induced in the search coil by an external electro-magnetic field
Except Optical-based Method, the above methods are more or less low accuracy or high
intrusiveness . As a result, Modern Eye Gaze Tracking Techniques are mostly based on Optical-

17. Philosophical View Ocular Technology

18. Philosophical View Ocular Technology
Search Coil

19. Application of Oculus
• Drowsy Driver Detection
• Driver Distraction Alert
Driver
Physiological
State
14%
Driving Task
Error
76%
Road Surface
8%
Vehicle Defects
3%
Driver
Physiological
State
14%
Driving Task
Error
76%
Road Surface
8%
Vehicle Defects
3%

20. Philosophical View Ocular Technology
AAC Improves Quality of LivesEye Tracking Technology Allows
Disabled People to Communicate
• Compose Text Messages
• Dial Phone Numbers
• Play Games
• Drive Power Wheelchair

21. Looking Forward for future
• Tobii
• Smart Eyes
• Seeing Machines
• EyeTech Digital System
• SensoMotoric
Instruments GmbH
• DynaVox
• Companion Eye Systems

22. Looking Forward for future
Accuracy Matters!
Eye Tracking Vs. Head Tracking
• Eye Cursor Can Get as Precise
as a Mouse Cursor
• Head Tracker Lacks of Precision
but Still Useful for those with
Eye Diseases

23. Looking Forward for future
Eye movements are driven both by properties of the visual world and
processes in a person’s mind. Uniquely poised between perception and
cognition, eye movements are an invaluable tool for psychologists.