2. OBJECTIVES:
Demonstrate the anatomical position;
Identify three planes most commonly used
in the study of anatomy;
Describe the human body using directional
and regional terms;
3. OBJECTIVES:
Distinguish between the posterior (dorsal)
and the anterior (ventral) body cavities,
identifying their subdivisions and
representative organs found in each; and
Make a video emphasizing the anatomical
terms.
5. UNLOCKING OF ANATOMICAL TERMS
ANATOMICAL POSITION
any region or part of the body in a
specific stance. The body is
upright, directly facing the
observer, feet flat and directed
forward. The upper limbs are at
the body's sides with the palms
facing forward.
33. ANTERIOR BODY LANDMARKS
TERM DEFINITION
abdominal body trunk region inferior to the
ribs
antebrachial anterior forearm
antecubital anterior surface of the elbow
auxillary armpit
brachial arm
34. ANTERIOR BODY LANDMARKS
TERM DEFINITION
buccal Cheek area
carpal wrist
cervical neck region
coxal hip
digital fingers or toes
35. ANTERIOR BODY LANDMARKS
TERM DEFINITION
femoral thigh
fibular side of the leg
frontal forehead
hallux great toe
inguinal groin
36. ANTERIOR BODY LANDMARKS
TERM DEFINITION
mammary breast
mental chin
nasal nose
oral mouth
orbital bony eye socket
37. ANTERIOR BODY LANDMARKS
TERM DEFINITION
palmer palm of the hand
patellar kneecap (anterior knee)
pedal foot
pelvic pelvis region
peroneal lateral part of leg
38. ANTERIOR BODY LANDMARKS
TERM DEFINITION
pollex thumb
pubic genital region
sternal Breastbone area
tarsal Ankle region
thoracic chest
39. ANTERIOR BODY LANDMARKS
TERM DEFINITION
umbilical navel
acromial point of the shoulder
calcaneal heel
cephalic head
dorsum back
40. ANTERIOR BODY LANDMARKS
TERM DEFINITION
gluteal buttocks
lumbar area of the back between the ribs and
hips
manus hand
occipital back of the head or base of the skull
gluteal buttocks
43. POSTERIOR BODY LANDMARKS
TERM DEFINITION
acromial point of shoulder
calcaneal Pertaining to the heel of the foot
cephalic head
dorsum back
femoral thigh
44. POSTERIOR BODY LANDMARKS
TERM DEFINITION
gluteal buttocks or rump
lumbar area of the back between the ribs and
hips; the loin
manus hand
occipital posterior aspect of the head or the
base of the skull
45. POSTERIOR BODY LANDMARKS
TERM DEFINITION
otic ear
perineal region between the anus and the
external genitalia
Plantar sole of the foot
Popliteal back of the knee
46. POSTERIOR BODY LANDMARKS
TERM DEFINITION
Sacral region between the hips (overlying the
sacrum)
Scapular scapula or shoulder blade area
Sural calf or the posterior surface of the leg
Vertebral area of the spinal column
olecranal posterior aspect of the elbow
48. BODY PLANES
are hypothetical
geometric planes that
divide the human body
into sections.
Mainly these body planes
are used in human
anatomy to describe the
direction and location of
body structures.
49. Sagittal plane
divides the body into
left and right
sections
Midsagittal (median)
plane
divides the body into
equal halves at
midline
50. Frontal (coronal)
plane
divides the body into
anterior and posterior
sections
Transverse (horizontal)
plane
divides the body
into superior and inferior
sections
51.
52. The Transverse Plane
A transverse plane (also
called a horizontal plane)
is the only plane that
runs horizontally,
dividing the body or
structure into a top
(superior) and bottom
(inferior) half.
Figure 1.13 The Transverse Plane Photo retrieved
from https://www.registerednursern.com/body-planes-sections/
53. The frontal plane (also
called coronal plane)
is a plane that runs vertically
from top to bottom (and left
to right), and it divides the
body into a front (anterior)
portion and a back
(posterior) portion. The
frontal plane will literally
leave you with a front and
back section. Figure 1.14 The Coronal Plane (Frontal Plane) Photo retrieved from
https://www.registerednursern.com/body-planes-sections/
54. Organs are often sectioned
to reveal their internal
structure:
1. Longitudinal Section - a
cut through the long axis
of the organ
2. Transverse section - cut
at a right angle to the
long axis
3. Oblique section - if a cut
is made across the long
axis at other than a right
angle.
Photo retrieved from http://www.brainkart.com/article/
Terminology-and-the-Body-Plan_21745/
56. The dorsal cavity:
located toward the
back of the body, is
divided into:
1. cranial cavity
(which holds the
brain) and
2. vertebral or spinal
cavity (which holds
the spinal cord).
57. The ventral cavity
which is located
toward the front of
the body, is
divided into:
1. abdominopelvic
cavity
2. thoracic cavity
by the diaphragm.
58. The ventral cavity
which is located
toward the front of
the body, is
divided into:
1. abdominopelvic
cavity
2. thoracic cavity
by the diaphragm.
59. ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY
it is subdivide it into a superior abdominal
cavity , containing the stomach, liver,
intestines, and other organs, and in an
inferior pelvic cavity, with the reproductive
organs, bladder, and rectum.
Also, it has organs of endocrine systems such as
adrenal glands. It lies within the reproductive
system and bladder and lined by a mesothelium
called “peritoneum.” It is one of the essential body
cavity anatomically.
60. The thoracic cavity
is subdivided into the
pleural cavity (which
holds the lungs) and
pericardial cavity
(which holds the
heart).
61. Abdominal Regions and Quadrants
Anatomists divide the abdominopelvic
cavity into smaller regions to facilitate the
study of body planes.
This anatomical abdominal region division is
used to recognize the location of the
abdomen organs and to diagnose abdominal
pain.
The commonly abdominopelvic region is
divided into four quadrants and nine regions.
62. Figure 1.17 Abdominal QuadrantsPhoto retrieved from
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Book%3A_Anatomy_and_Physiology_(Boundless)/1%3A_Introduction_to_Anatomy_and_Physiology/1.4%3A_Mapping_the_Body/1.4F%3A_Abdominopelvic_Regions
63. Left Lower Quadrant
The left lower quadrant
houses some of the
large intestine portions,
the majority of the small
intestine, left ureter, and
the left half of the
female reproductive
system.
Figure 1.18 Abdominopelvic Quadrants
Photo retrieved from
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Quadrants_and_regions_of_abdomen
64. Right Lower Quadrant
When dissecting the right lower
quadrant, it appeared it includes an
appendix, cecum, right half of the
female reproductive system, right
ureter, and parts of the small
intestine. Pain in this region is
associated with appendicitis.
Right Upper Quadrant
This quadrant contains the right side
of body organs such as liver, right
kidney, gallbladder, duodenum,
pancreas, a small portion of the
stomach, and parts of the small
intestine.
Figure 1.18 Abdominopelvic
Quadrants Photo retrieved from
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Quadrants_and_regions_of
_abdomen
65. Left Upper Quadrant
The left upper quadrant consists of the
left kidney, spleen portion of descending
and transverse colon, stomach part, and
parts of the small intestine. Pain in the
left upper quadrant is associated with
malrotation of the intestine and colon.
Abdominal Regions
The nine divisions are part
of parasagittal and two transverse
planes of body-centered around the
navel. These divisions are important
anatomically to determine the location
of the organ within the abdomen and
pelvic area.
Figure 1.18 Abdominopelvic
Quadrants Photo retrieved from
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Quadrants_and_regions_of
_abdomen
66. Right Hypochondriac
This region houses the gallbladder, the right
kidney, parts of the small intestine, and
right portion of the liver.
Left Hypochondriac
The left hypochondriac region contains the
left kidney, part of the stomach, colon, small
intestine, and the pancreas.
67. Figure 1.17 Abdominal Quadrants
Photo retrieved from
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Book%3A_Anatomy_and_Physiology_(Boundless)/1%3A_Introduction_to_Anatomy_and_Physiology/1.4%3A_Mapping_the_Body/1.4F%3A_Abdominopelvic_Regions
68. Right Iliac
The right iliac contains the lower body organs
such as right iliac fossa, appendix, and
cecum.
Left Iliac
The left iliac region contains left iliac fossa,
sigmoid colon, and sigmoid colon. It is also
known as the left inguinal region.
69. Figure 1.17 Abdominal Quadrants
Photo retrieved from
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Book%3A_Anatomy_and_Physiology_(Boundless)/1%3A_Introduction_to_Anatomy_and_Physiology/1.4%3A_Mapping_the_Body/1.4F%3A_Abdominopelvic_Regions
70. Right Lumbar
The right lumbar region consists of the
right kidney, ascending colon,
gallbladder, and liver.
Left Lumbar
It gives space to the descending colon,
spleen, and left kidney.
71. Figure 1.17 Abdominal Quadrants
Photo retrieved from
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Book%3A_Anatomy_and_Physiology_(Boundless)/1%3A_Introduction_to_Anatomy_and_Physiology/1.4%3A_Mapping_the_Body/1.4F%3A_Abdominopelvic_Regions
72. Umbilical
The umbilical region contains the umbilicus (navel),
duodenum, jejunum, ileum, transverse colon, and the
bottom portions of both the left and right kidney.
Hypogastric
The hypogastric region contains organs around the pubic
bone, such as the uterus and ovaries in
females and the prostate in males.
Epigastric
The epigastric region contains the majority of the stomach,
part of the liver, pancreas, Aduodenum, and the adrenal
glands.
73. Figure 1.17 Abdominal Quadrants
Photo retrieved from
https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Book%3A_Anatomy_and_Physiology_(Boundless)/1%3A_Introduction_to_Anatomy_and_Physiology/1.4%3A_Mapping_the_Body/1.4F%3A_Abdominopelvic_Regions
74.
75. EXIT CARD
3 Terminologies that you remember
2 Terminologies that you cannot forget
1 Terminology that you can describe
