Living with ADHD: Understanding the Disorder

Living with Attention Deficit Disorder
It is true that people with Attention Deficit Disorder struggle in school or with everyday situations
but they can adapt and learn ways to use this disability to their advantage. There are many people
that are and can become very successful despite having Attention Deficit Disorder. Explaining
attention deficit disorder is not easy, there are a lot of myths and controversy about this disorder. I
know first–hand the struggles and the controversy surrounded by Attention Deficit Disorder
(A.D.D.) because I was diagnosed when I was an adult. Some people might not believe that it is a
true disorder or that it only affects children, it is real and does actually exist. It is not only just a
childhood disorder it does not discriminate against age, race or gender. In order to have a better
understanding of this complex disorder, it is important to become aware of its characteristics,
causes, and treatments. A detailed analysis will include information and the struggles of living,
coping, and managing A.D.D. It can be difficult and very frustrating not being able to comprehend
or understand things that seem so simple to most other people. Following simple directions, trouble
understanding a story, hard time staying organized, constantly late, forgetting things, can't sit still
through a lecture, daydreaming, unable to focus completely on a certain subject or task, not able to
finish tasks in school or everyday situations pretty much sums up a person that may be struggling
with ADD.
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )
In classrooms today, there are many children who suffer from disorders such as Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder (or ADHD/ADD.) While much is known about these disorders and how they
affect the education of children, there are only a few known methods that consistently help an
affected child focus and target in on what they need to learn. Medication for children With Attention
Deficit (Hyperactivity) Disorder must be used as an aid to help the affected child to focus and
comprehend information being presented to them. Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD) generally are diagnosed when they have problems paying attention or
concentrating. Usual signs begin when the child enters his or her first few years of ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Then in response, the student is then expected to be quiet, sit still, and pay close attention to
everything being presented. To any student this can already be a difficult situation. This expectation
just makes the classroom even more perilous to a student with Attention Deficit (Hyperactivity)
Disorder. Classrooms are crowded, busy, time driven, activity focused, group instructed, and
progress monitored. This can be an absolute nightmare for a child with Attention Deficit Disorder
because they are unable to focus. A child who is suffering from the symptoms of Attention Deficit
(Hyperactivity) Disorder can also be a distraction to other students in the classroom. Speaking out of
turn, tapping desks or pencils, and fidgeting are all examples of distracting habits these affected
students may experience. Imagine sitting in a desk in a classroom, the teacher is presenting material
and everyone is listening attentively. However there is one student who cannot sit still, he or she is
constantly looking around and insists on swinging his or her arms and legs, and tapping the desk
with the their pencil eraser. This child often acts as a distraction and noise toward the teacher and the
other students. This is unacceptable, and everyone in that classroom is distracted. Having
ADD/ADHD can be just as frustrating as dealing with someone who has it. According to
HelpGuide.org: "The symptoms of ADD/ADHD can

ADHD Classification
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD),
also called "hyperactivity and attention deficit syndrome", is one such "new disease", Normality and
illness always includes subjective elements. The reported prevalence is very variable because the
diagnostic criteria used differ significantly according to the epidemiological studies. Strict selection
criteria are used in all studies on the efficacy of ADHD management. The findings of these studies,
however, can not simply be extrapolated to the large group of children with less pronounced
symptoms. For this reason, it is advisable not to institute a treatment before the diagnosis is
confirmed by a multidisciplinary evaluation. Based on current ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Psychosocial interventions. The psychosocial interventions used in children with ADHD are
behavioral treatment, behavior modification and intensive contingency management. The small
number of randomized studies available does not indicate an advantage of behavioral treatments
compared to non–treatment or usual care. There are no randomized studies of specific techniques
such as behavior modification or intensive contingency management. There is consensus among
experts that educational counseling and pedagogical assistance from parents and schools are an
integral part of the ADHD approach. In a systematic review, two RCTs (randomized clinical trials)
of 50 children aged 6 to 13 years were found: these studies do not indicate any effect on behavioral
treatment according to the opinion of the teacher or parents. The clinical relevance of these small
RCTs can be questioned Medication Efficiency EFFICIENCY COMPARED TO PLACEBO
Ultimately, drugs used in ADHD have mainly been studied in children from the age of five, and the
results can not be generalized to younger

Sociological Analysis On Attention Deficit Hyperactivity...
Sociological Analysis of ADHD Introduction "ADHD" stands for "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder", while many people use the word disorder and disease as if they were one and the same,
they are in fact not. While a disease is an incorrectly functioning organ, part, structure, or system of
the body resulting from the effect of genetic or developmental errors, infection, poisons, nutritional
deficiency or imbalance, toxicity, or unfavorable environmental factors; illness; sickness; ailment.
(disease) A disorder is more of a disruption of a mental state in which causes physical or mental
problems. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a disorder that causes a poor attention span,
easy distractibility, hyperactivity, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
genetics, different brain chemicals, environment, behavior management at school v. home, drug
abuse, and exposure to toxins from an early age. In 1993 Thom Hartmann proposed the hunter–
farmer theory of ADHD in his book "Attention Deficit Disorder– A Different Perception". In this
theory he states that back in time, approximately 10,000 year ago, before farming and agriculture
was a part of everyday life, people needed hunters to provide food. These 'hunters' possessed
specialized survival traits: hyper–focus for short intense periods of time, an ability to be
'distractible'–scanning the horizon for game or threats, and a necessity to be completely 'in the
moment'. Though farming did exist, it was not as wide scale as it is today, and the need for hunters
was much greater. (Ferguson) Diagnosis and Treatment ADHD is identified by using a diagnostic
interview method. It is important that the study of the child being diagnosed include the history
covering their present symptoms, an opposing diagnosis, comorbid conditions, as well as medical,
developmental, school,psychosocial, and family histories. It is also recommended to explore the
reason for a request for evaluation of ADHD in the first place, as well as the different methods of
treatment that had been used in the past. This test is not only unique to ADHD, it is also used in
diagnosing other mental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. (National Institute

Essay on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and the...
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and the Student
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common obstacles that some
students face in the process of learning. ADHD is often confused with Attention Deficit Disorder
(ADD). It is very important to understand the difference between ADHD and ADD. It is also very
important to understand the symptoms and behaviors associated with ADHD, as well as the causes
and treatments available. After a complete understanding of the basics of ADHD, a closer look at the
education system is essential. The education of children relies on the teacher's knowledge of ADHD,
as well as parent student teacher relationships. There are also some important teaching tips that ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM4),
children must have at least six out of nine listed criteria in order to be diagnosed with ADHD. Some
examples of these criteria includes, but is not limited to, paying little attention to detail, lack of
organization, forgetfulness, easily distracted, impatience, talkative, and fidgety ("Teaching", 1998,
Zeigler Dendy, 2000).
Diagnosing ADHD can be a difficult task because of the variance of symptoms and behaviors.
"What often makes an attention deficit so complex is that two–thirds of student with a disorder have
at least one other coexisting condition such as learning disabilities, anxiety, or depression (Zeigler
Dendy, 2000, p1)." One key identifier is a "two to four year lag of age appropriate developmental
skills (Zeigler Dendy, 2002, p3)." Other symptoms and behaviors that may be an indicator of ADHD
include disorganization, forgetfulness, impaired sense of time, variability in school work, sleep
disturbances, inability to learn from either punishment or rewards, and also the inability to adapt
easily to change (Zeigler Dendy, 2000).
A few facts to be aware of involve the heredity of ADHD, and the difference in behaviors between
boys and girls. Forty to fifty percent of children with ADHD have at least one parent who has been
diagnosed with ADHD, and

The Existence of ADD and ADHD Essay
The Existence of ADD and ADHD
Some of the most common words moving around in the psychiatric circle are attention Deficit;
hyperactivity; Ritalin; ADD, ADHD. These words are being most commonly discussed by most
educators, physicians, psychologists and young parents in the society today. In spite of extensive
advancements in technology which has brought new insights into the brain and learning, there is still
a lacuna in the field of problems faced by children who are unable to remain focused on the task
given to them in the classroom owing to their inability to pay attention.
While the DSM–IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM–IV)
of the American Psychiatric Association) put forth a list of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The most common behavioral indications are that of distractibility or very low attention span to a
particular task; impulsivity or in some cases hyperactivity which are shown through excessive
activity as well as physical restlessness.
According to the 1994 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM–
IV) of the American Psychiatric Association, the primary behaviors symptomatic of ADHD include
persistent difficulty sustaining attention and concentration, inappropriate activity levels, impulsivity
and distractibility.
Those suffering from ADHD exhibited over a period of six months, six of nine behavior patterns
indicative of problems sustaining attention, organizing around tasks, remembering and completing
assignments or six of nine behaviors indicative of difficulties sitting still, being quiet and waiting
patiently before responding. [Divoky, Schrag. 1975]. These behaviors appear in at least two different
settings (such as at home, in school, in peer group activity), and are usually present in children
before the age of 7, and is considered disruptive to normal function.
Conservative estimate indicate that a percentage of school aged children whose behavior places
them in this category is

The Problem Of A Medical Disorder Essay
TVs playing. Texts incoming. Phone calls ringing. Music streaming. In today's entertainment heavy
and device rich world, today's youth have more choices as to where in to invest their focus. As a
result of these plentiful distractions, misconceptions and lores are developing around the actual,
factual instances of Attention–Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder among today's young learners.
Regardless of what these public beliefs suggest, research on the disorder and the scientific method
has more substantial information to provide. For this reason, ADHD's contentious reputation entitles
it to an intricate overview. Indeed, scientists and research support that ADHD is a diagnosable
condition that can be found among young students, has a homogenous set of treatment options,
renders a student eligible for educational assistance in a majority of today's classrooms, in spite of
its semi–controversial reputation. For starters, in the process of classifying a medical disorder, there
must be an observable set of abnormal mental or physical processes. Secondly, the world of
medicine prefers and requires a large body of research and peer review of proposed symptoms
before a disorder is officially labeled a disorder. In short, ADHD has undergone both trials and been
deemed a recognizable disorder. To explicate, the CDC reports that in order for any individual to
have a diagnosis of being both attention deficit and hyperactive, they must exhibit five out of ten
personality traits in two

Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )
Introduction: History The question of the century is: does Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder
(ADHD) even exist? Also, if it does exist, are children being over diagnosed or overmedicated?
Some believe it is a combination of societal changes and outlooks on behavior and some believe it is
due to the booming industry of psychopharmacology and over diagnosis (Hinshaw & Scheffler,
2014). There is no question that this disorder is the number one diagnosis in children today and
many people are questioning the credibility of this phenomena. To fully understand the disorder it is
important to discuss the history, the controversies that pertain to each side, as well as the treatments
that are currently being used today. The recognition of symptoms similar to ADHD have been
prevalent in our society for quite some time. According to the World Federation of ADHD,
symptoms of this disorder were recognized well before the 1900's. The history of recognizing
attention and its effects dates back to the late 1700's when Alexander Critchon, a Scottish Physician,
wrote a book that discussed a topic called mental derangement, which is viewed as a subtype of
what is now called the inattentive type (World Federation of ADHD, 2014). In the 1800's
hyperactivity was recognized in children's books as the fidgety behaviors appearing in fictional
characters, as well as recognizing the over explosiveness of children (World Federation of ADHD,
2014). Then in the 1900's there was a marked

During the last year I often heard a Sunday school teacher say "they all have ADHD" when talking
about her six–year old charges. She is neither a medical professional nor a teacher; she just thinks it
is funny. In this paper I will study ADHD by examining its characteristics, diagnosis, risk factors,
treatments and controversies and its functional consequences. I focus mostly on children since they
are the heart of this course. Characteristics Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a
mental health disorder that impinges on the part of the brain "that monitors inhibition and self–
control" (NASET, 2006/2007, p. 1) and affects roughly 5% of children and 2.5% of adults
worldwide (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p. 61). ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
59). Inattention is more prevalent in females than males and an inattentive child is often
misdiagnosed because she is quiet and usually does not misbehave (American Psychiatric
Association, 2013; NIMH, n.d, p.3). The second core symptom of ADHD is hyperactivity and refers
to high levels of physical activity which makes a child seem to be is in perpetual motion. A child
affected by hyperactivity might fidget and squirm incessantly; talk excessively; and touch
everything in sight. The final core symptom of ADHD is impulsivity and refers to acting without
forethought. A child with impulse control issues is often impatient; blurts out inappropriate
comments; answers questions without waiting his turn; and interrupts conversations (American
Psychiatric Association, 2013; NIMH, n.d.; NASET, 2006/2007; Santrock, 2013, p. 330). Based on
these three core symptoms persons affected by ADHD are divided into three groups: "ADHD with
predominantly inattention; ADHD with predominantly

ADHD; No Longer Childhood Disorder Dawon Kim Columbia College April 28, 2014 Abstract
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, shortly called ADHD is a psychological condition that
begins in early childhood; however, a lot of children with ADHD often go unrecognized or
undertreated because of doctors with little experience with the disorder. Therefore, it frequently
persists into adulthood. It is now known that these conditions continue into adulthood for about 60%
of children with ADHD. That translates into 4 % of the U.S adult population, or 8 million adults
(Goldstein, 2012). As more adults including college students go to see a psychiatrist to get the
medication for the drug and the medication with psychosocial therapy ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Their lack of attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity may be seen when these lose interest in
playing a game or watching a TV show, or if the child runs around and seems completely out of
control. Then, parents or possibly their teacher or babysitter suspects that a child may have ADHD
and may feel it is necessary to contact a pediatrician or a child psychologist to undergo an
assessment of whether or not their child's behavior is appropriate for their age. However, often they
reassure that the child is behaving within normal limits and is just unusually exuberant or a little
immature for their developmental age. There are some reasons that ADHD in childhood is
unrecognized. First of all, getting an accurate diagnosis is tricky. ADHD usually overlaps with other
disorders and symptoms such as depression, bipolar, autism and anxiety. The more symptoms of the
condition the child has, the better it can be diagnosed. If the child shows vague and few symptoms,
there is a high chance that it goes unrecognized. In addition, not a lot of mental health professionals
have enough experience in ADHD because there are millions of mental disorders out there and
ADHD is mainly limited to childhood disorder. Also, it has been only about 100 years since ADHD
was discovered. Therefore, it is still being investigated and studied. Therefore, nearly 30% of
children with ADHD continue to struggle with the condition as adults (Goldstein, 2002). According
to United States Centers for

Persuasive Essay On Adhd
ADHD: The Often Misdiagnosed Disorder What is ADHD? Sirs data base reports that ADHD is
called attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. This disorder is a mental illness that causes children
and adults to have trouble staying focused, behavioral issues, and incidences of hyper–activity. Till
this day, the cause of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is still unknown. There is also
a lot of controversy over the topic of ADHD, stating that some believe the mental illness is at the
end of its normal behavior chart, while others believe there are genetically and physiological reasons
for this condition. The controversy centers on how to treat and diagnose ADHD children. This paper
will examine viewpoint one, two and my viewpoint on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For starters, parents and doctors should think about ADHD as early as preschool. Firstly, thinking
about ADHD problems at a very young age can help at children who have trouble keeping friends,
and trouble in school. For example, Perri Klass, journalist for the New York Times, shares that when
first treating a preschooler with ADHD it would be beneficial for them to do behavioral therapy
first, and medication last. Thus, this point proves that medication is necessary, but is not the first
step when treating a child. Secondly, nine percent of American children between the ages of four
and eighteen are affected by ADHD. For instance, Susan Pinker, journalist for the Wall Street
Journal, reports that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common and most
misunderstood disease. Therefore, this confirms that some people may have it, and others may not.
Thirdly, do children grow out of ADHD when they are a child? To illustrate, Susan Pinker, tells that
the statement is a myth. The older you get, you are more likely to think about life consequences
rather than when you were a child. Consequently, this information shows that children with ADHD
are proven to make worse life decisions, rather than a normal child. For all these reasons,
medication is necessary to control the

Essay on Ritalin and Its Effects on Children
Thesis: Today there is a great debate concerning the diagnosis and treatment of ADD/ADHD and
who has the right to decide what happens. It is estimated that between 3 and 12 percent of the
population has to deal with conditions known as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
or Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). This equals approximately 3 million children in the United
States alone. Both of these disorders (ADD and ADHD) exhibit the same traits leading them to be
lumped together. Children affected by ADD or ADHD have behavior and emotional problems.
Trouble concentrating on simple tasks, a short attention span, failing to give attention to details, and
disruptive behavior are a few of the problems resulting from ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
However, the specific gene or genes causing them have not been found despite the completion of the
Human Genome Project. Technological advances have allowed for the discovery of new information
though.
These disorders can be acquired may different ways. One of these ways is before birth. The use of
drugs, toxemia, infectious diseases, exposure to radiation, prematurity, and complicated delivery are
all causes of this disorder originating during pregnancy and delivery. Post delivery causes include
meningitis, encephalitis, seizures from fever, head injury, and lead toxicity. All of these conditions
lead to damage to the brain (About ADD/ADHD).
ADD and ADHD can also be looked at as developmental disorders. This is because some children
seem to outgrow these conditions as they get older. These people were sometimes labeled
underachievers when they were young, and now classified late bloomers since they have outgrown
their disorders.
Many drugs have been developed to treat ADD and ADHD. One of these drugs is Methylphenidate
otherwise known as Ritalin. It is one of the most commonly prescribed drugs for treatment of ADD
and ADHD. Use of Ritalin is up 700 percent since 1990 (ABC News). Other drugs also used in
treatment of ADD and ADHD include Zoloft, Praxil, and Cylert. Ritalin is a drug that is used to
restore neurotransmitters in those that lack or have malfunctioning nerve impulses in the

Is Adhd over-Diagnosed Among School Children
Is ADHD Over–diagnosed Among School Children?
After reading the review, (Is ADHD over–diagnosed among school children?) by C. Collins, I am in
agreement with T. E. Elder in that yes, ADHD is over–diagnosed.
I chose to accompany the review by C. Collins with the article, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder, which originated from the Facts on File; Issues and Controversies Database. After reading
both the review and the article I highly believe that ADHD is definitely over–diagnosed.
In the article, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, the disorder is defined, as well as the current
treatment for the disorder which tends to be the drug Ritalin. While there are many other drugs
available for treatment, Ritalin is the most ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Parents and teachers have given up on these children and they have been the ones who drop out of
school or end up in prison. It is thought that by diagnosing ADHD early and treating it properly,
children who might not have had a chance to succeed can now be successful. The advocates for
diagnosis of ADHD also point out that the treatment of ADHD with prescription drugs is actually
very small and only one out of every three children diagnosed with ADHD is actually treated with
prescription drugs (Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, para. 45).
The article concludes by stating that although most experts have varying ideas and on ADHD they
are all in agreement that the disorder needs more research.
As I stated previously, I do believe ADHD is over–diagnosed; however, I am in total disagreement
with the critics who believe the disorder doesn't exist at all. Their claim that in the past it was
acceptable and expected of children to be hyperactive and rowdy just doesn't hold water for me. In
the past we did not have the knowledge that we do now and as a result children were not diagnosed
and either struggled to succeed in school and life or didn't succeed at all.
I am in agreement that many parents, teachers and some experts use the diagnosis of ADHD as an
easy answer and way to deal with difficult children. I feel that T. E. Elder also makes a very
significant point that the age and maturity of children entering kindergarten also

Treating ADHD In Children
The statistics are stunning, an estimated 6.4 million school–age children (ages 4 – 17) have received
a medical diagnosis of Attention–Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Have you ever wondered
what it is like to be diagnosed with ADHD? Take a moment and put yourself in the place of a child
who has received this diagnosis. Imagine what it is like to be the boy or girl who can't stop
screaming, fighting or fidgeting. The child who stares and does not focus. Imagine the parents of an
ADHD child, who takes their child out in public and he/she begins running around, climbing on
objects, knocking things over or just screams so people think you are mistreating him/her. I think
that children with this type of behavior should be put on medication ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Everyone has an opinion about the role of medication in treating ADHD symptoms which leads to
this controversy. The results from the Multimodal Treatment Study (MTA) show that medication
was the single most effective treatment (Peacock, 2002) . For more than 40 years, stimulant
medication has been prescribed for ADHD. There is a lot of research showing that they are safe,
effective and reduces the symptoms of ADHD while they are being taken (Dudley, 2005). On the
other hand, results from the study also suggested that a combination of psychological and behavioral
counseling with medication is the most effective overall treatment (Dudley, 2005). Although the
study suggest the use of a combination of treatments, stimulant medication should be the first line of
treatment based on effectiveness. In the past, ADHD treatment has typically focused on medications.
The specific class of medication most commonly prescribed for ADHD is stimulants (Martin).
Stimulant medication is the best and safest way to control ADHD symptoms. Eighty percent (80%)
of children respond well to one of these medications ("ADHD Children and Medication", n.d.).
Stimulants such as Ritalin or Adderall are commonly prescribed, well–tolerated, act quickly and in
most children, have few side effects

Attention Deficit Essay
In the early 70s, the main focus started to shift towards attention deficit rather than the concept of
hyperactivity (Lange et al., 2010). In fact, 4 years after the implementation of the DSM–II, Douglas
(1972) argued that deficits such as sustained attention and impulse control deserved more notability.
Also, these symptoms responded better to stimulants treatment than hyperactivity (Douglas, 1972).
For this reason coupled with the influence of the scientific community, a complete
reconceptualization of "Hyperkinetic Reaction of Childhood" was considered. In 1980, the DSM–III
was published and renamed the disorder "Attention Deficit Disorder" (ADD) (Barkley, 2006). The
disorder could now be diagnosed with or without hyperactivity. Attention deficits and impulse
control were considered more important than hyperactivity as determinants for diagnosis (Lange et
al., 2010). Moreover, the DSM–III contained "an explicit numerical cutoff score for symptoms,
specific guidelines for age of onset and duration of symptoms, and the requirement of exclusion of
other childhood psychiatric conditions" (Barkley, 2006, p.19). A lot of controversy emerged from
these changes, as little empirical evidence existed to support the concept of "Attention Deficit
disorder" (Barkley, 2006). Confusion arose concerning the similarities of both types of ADD and it
was not clear if they should be considered as the same disorder or two different psychiatric entities.
Seven years later, a revision of the DSM–III (DSM–III–R) was published based on empirical
validation. The subtype component was removed and the disorder was renamed "Attention Deficit–
Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (APA, 1987). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The subtype "without hyperactivity" was removed and the symptoms of attention, impulsivity and
hyperactivity composed the list of symptoms and a diagnosis was assessed using a single cut–off
score (Lange et al.,

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) signifies a major public health problem. Diagnoses
continue to rise each year, yet the rates of treated ADHD are declining. There is a lot of controversy
about treatments for ADHD today. Helpful treatment options like medications and therapies are
receiving negative views with many saying that treatment is not necessary or the negatives outweigh
the benefits. Those against treatment cite problems like substance abuse and negative side effects.
However, ADHD greatly impacts a person's life, as well as everyone in that person's life. Treatments
help tremendously, relieving many of the symptoms and improving functioning capabilities. Despite
the negativity recently about treatments for ADHD, treatments are necessary. Attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder is the most commonly diagnosed behavioral and mental disorder in children.
Recent data shows that approximately 9% of all children ages four to seventeen are currently
diagnosed with ADHD. A review of 102 studies showed that ADHD have a worldwide prevalence of
5.29%, meaning ADHD is a very widespread disease affecting many people across the country.
Recently, many people are questioning the validity of an ADHD diagnosis. Critics think it is over–
diagnosed and "children are receiving unnecessary and inappropriate treatment" (McLeod et al. 1).
Since there are no tests that diagnose ADHD without a doubt, people are wondering if maybe this
disorder is being blown out of

Anesthetizing Our Youth a Commentary on Over Medicating...
"ADHD is the most extensively studied pediatric mental health disorder, yet controversy and public
debate over the diagnosis and medication treatment of the disorder continue to exist." (Connor D.,
P.1, 2011) Attention–deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often a debated subject when the
method of treatment is being discussed because it has become a trending issue to over medicate
children with ADHD. A fitting label for the trend is the anesthetization of our youth, caused by
government agency expansion and pharmaceutical allowances, and blame parents not advocating for
their child better. The trend of over medicating children with ADHD is labeled well with the phrase
anesthetization of our youth. "Anesthetize– deprive if feeling or awareness." (Oxford Dictionary,
2014) Many children often express to their parents that they feel as if they are a walking zombie. A
child may find that they are having memory issues, are not quite themselves, and feel overly drowsy.
"ADHD medications often change a child's personality creating what many kids with ADHD (and
their parents) refer to as a zombie state or making them more aggressive." (Barnett H., P. 1, 2013)
Children with ADHD have other options for treatment but unfortunately medications are pushed on
them at an alarming rate. The government paved the road for the pharmaceutical industry for ADHD
medications in the 1990's. "Before 1970, the diagnosis of ADHD was relatively rare for school
children and almost nonexistent for

Living a Distracted Life with Attention Deficit Disorder
It is true that people with Attention Deficit Disorder struggle in school or in everyday situations, but
they can adapt and learn ways to use this disability to their advantage. There are many people that
are and can become very successful despite having Attention Deficit Disorder. Explaining attention
deficit disorder is not easy, there is a lot of myths and controversy about this disorder. I know first–
hand the struggles and the controversy surrounded by Attention Deficit Disorder (A.D.D.) because it
was hard for me being diagnosed at an adult age. Some people might not believe that it is a true
disorder or that it only affects children, it is real and does actually exist. It is not only just a
childhood disorder; it does not ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A symptom often overlooked called hyperfocus is where one becomes absorbed in tasks that are
stimulating and rewarding. It's more of a coping mechanism used to tune out other chaos. It makes
one lose track of time and neglect what a person is supposed to be doing. Other symptoms along
with inattentiveness are poor organizational skills, very messy, tendency to procrastinate, trouble
starting and finishing projects, chronic lateness forgetting appointments and important deadlines,
often loses or misplaces items, and overestimates or underestimates the time it takes to complete a
task. The second subtype hyperactive includes being restless, feeling agitated, unable to sit still,
always fidgeting, easily bored, having racing thoughts, craves excitement and attention, often acts
out for attention, talking excessively, and doing a million different things at once. The second
subtype in conjunction with hyperactivity also contains impulsivity. These symptoms include
trouble inhibiting behaviors and responses acting before thinking, frequently interrupt conversations
or talk over someone unable to wait ones turn, blurt out answers, thoughts, or rude comments, have
addictive traits, are reckless and spontaneous, are careless about consequences, misbehave in
socially

The Role Of Methylphenidate As A Pharmacotherapy Treatment...
SCIENCE 1100/1100WT/1200
Assessment Cover Sheet
ASSIGNMENT: ESSAY
Name Stacey Smith Student No. a 1 6 8 6 0 8 7
Word count (excluding reference list) 1844 – half draft only
Methylphenidate and its efficacy in treating adult ADHD.
Essay topic: Examining the efficacy of Methylphenidate as a pharmacotherapy treatment for the
treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder in adults.
Introduction
Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder is a behavioural developmental disorder estimated to affect
4–5% of the adult population worldwide (Polanczyk et al., 2007). The results are even higher for
children with an estimated 7–8% diagnosed with ADHD each year (Faraone et al., 2003). Social
awareness of adult ADHD is increasing and the amount of published scientific research is more
frequently addressing the impact of the disorder in adulthood, that was once considered to be
exclusive only in childhood (Kooij et al., 2010). A common occurrence in adult ADHD sufferers is
the inability to manage the related diagnostic symptoms, such as impaired cognitive function,
indecisiveness, lack of inhibition and impulse control (DSM–V, 2013). As an adult individual could
encounter these on a day to day basis, symptoms of this nature demand treatment which is safe and
effective, in both the short and long term, in order for the individual to live and function effectively
in a social environment. It must be noted that symptoms such as disorganization and forgetfulness
are also included

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay
Attention–Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: The Road to a Nation on Psychoactive Drugs
Olivia Brumfield
Caledonia Mumford High School
Abstract Attention–Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is among the most common disorders diagnosed
in children today. This research study explores each step along the diagnosing and treatment process
and the errors found in each. Beginning with diagnosis, this study uncovers who is really at risk of
being diagnosed and examines the unscientific, societal influences in the diagnosis procedure. The
study also uncovers where the root of the misdiagnosis issue is found. The issue has caused an
overwhelming number of young children being treated for the symptoms of ADHD with
psychoactive drugs. The analysis of the most common treatments of ADHD reveals inconsistencies
in practice guidelines as well as ineffective and unsafe techniques used by physicians.
Keywords: ADHD; psychoactive; methylphenidate; misdiagnosis
Attention–Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: The Road to a Nation on Psychoactive Drugs
Introduction
Attention–deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD, is a condition that is characterized by excessive
activity, problems controlling behavior, and a person's inability to focus their attention. The
condition is present at birth and is normally spotted and diagnosed in early childhood ("Attention–
Deficit," 2015). ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder, not a learning disorder; however it can
cause many issues within the school setting.

Does Attention Deficit–Hyperactivity Disorder Lead to Substance Abuse? Although most children
are incredibly active running, playing, jumping and screaming some of these children cannot simply
control their actions very easily. These children are mostly identified as having behavioral problems,
they have a hard time following rules and staying focused in one subject. Attention Deficit–
Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been identified many years ago, and as the time passed this
psychological disorder has evolved. Today ADHD is the most common disorder diagnosed in
children in which males are diagnosed more than females. ADHD impacts the psychosocial
perspective of a child as well as their conformity to the accepted social behavior. ... Show more
When ADHD was recognized it first appeared as "Hyperkinetic reaction of childhood" leaving out
characteristics of impulsivity. Later in 1980 ADHD was renamed as "Attention Deficit Disorder
(ADD)" suggesting that hyperactivity was not important to the criteria of the disorder. Although
ADHD criteria have changed over time the idea of where it originates has remain the same.
Attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder originates in the brain. Studies have shown the problem is
prefrontal cortical dysfunction. The cause of the disorder is mainly hereditary; research has shown
increased percentages of biological factors as opposed to environmental factors. Some
environmental factors include exposure to lead, smoking and drinking alcohol during pregnancy.
Environmental factors can also contribute to the severity of the symptoms. I believe if parents
continue to discipline their child with ADHD the symptoms of hyperactivity will decrease to some
extent as oppose to a child that is not disciplined. To properly diagnose someone with ADHD
professionals turn to the criteria used in the current edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders (DSM–5) published by the American Psychiatric Association. Children have to
show symptoms before the age of twelve to be diagnosed with ADHD. They also have to show these
symptoms in different environments, some examples include at school, home, or social settings. Six

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Essay
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, normally abbreviated as ADHD, is a disorder in which a
person has trouble paying attention and focusing on tasks, tends to act without thinking and has
trouble sitting still. This condition may begin in early childhood and continue into adulthood.
Without treatment ADHD can cause problems at home, school, work and any social gatherings.
The disorder sparks up many controversies for the simple fact that the exact cause is not clear or
more over not well understood. Because of the lack of information of how ADHD is caused, the
most common controversy that this disorder brings is that many people believe that the disorder is
not a realistic diagnosis because of the increasingly number of children ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
What are the different types of ADHD?
There are three main types of ADHD. They are the primarily inattentive type, primarily
hyperactive–impulsive type and the combined type. A child with the inattentive type fails to pay
attention to details and gets easily distracted and tends to daydream on a day to day basis. On the
other hand the hyperactive–impulsive type makes it hard for the child to stay still for long. Mostly
this child would jump or climb things in inappropriate occasions. The most common type of ADHD
is the combined type. This type is characterized by both impulsive behavior and hyperactivity, and
inattention and distraction.
Causes of ADHD
Scientists are studying causes and risk factors that might contribute to the development of ADHD in
an attempt to better control and reduce the chances of a person having the disorder. Researchers who
study the brain are coming closer to understanding what may cause ADHD. They believe that some
people with ADHD don't have enough of certain chemicals, called neurotransmitter, in the brain.
These chemicals help the brain control behavior. However the exact or precise cause of the disorder
remains unknown.
Diagnosis
When diagnosing ADHD, there is no single test itself that can determine it. Deciding if a child has
the disorder is a several step process, which requires the attention of different professionals as well
as those surrounding the child on a daily basis. A pediatrician,

Effects of ADD/ADHD
Affects of ADD/ADHD Robert was a typical two–year old boy always running and jumping around.
In kindergarten, he couldn't remain seated during group time and moved between centers, leaving
each a mess as he ran over peers. Third grade teachers began to talk to Roberts parents: he was
blurting out answers and his desk was constantly crammed full of papers, toys, and books. In junior
high, assignments done at home were never turned in and Robert received lunch detention for
constant talking. He was late to class every day in high school because it was impossible to wake
him. He couldn't find his keys most mornings. During college, he lost five cell phones and graduated
with 2.65 grade point average. Robert was a typical ADHD child ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
They are constantly moving, squirming and fidgeting as a result, may be physically clumsy and
awkward. Their clumsiness may extend to the social arena. The causes of AHHD are not known
however, it appears that heredity plays a major role in the development of ADHD. The drugs used to
treat ADHD are Cylert, Dexedrine, and Ritalin and although the exact cause of ADHD is not known,
an imbalance of certain neurotransmitters, the chemicals in the brain that transmit messages between
nerve cells, is believed to be the mechanism behind ADHD symptoms (ford 2). If ADHD is not
treated and left undiagnosed children may have serious problems as they grow older. ADHD
negatively affects a child's social and educational performance and can seriously damage his or her
sense of self–esteem. They may be perceived as slow learners or troublemakers in the classroom
people may think of them as outcasts. Siblings and even parents may develop resentful feelings
towards the ADHD child (Ford 6). The social impact on a child with ADHD can affect them in ways
people don't understand and parents, teachers and other students should be a role model to ADHD
children because if they are demonstrating appropriate behavior then the child imitates and looks up
to them. Teaching Methods However the teaching methods of a child with ADHD are very
important because

The World of ADHD Children Essay
Throughout the United States Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD, has become a
common diagnosis among children and adolescents. Any hyper, out of control child in the classroom
may be perceived as having ADHD and many more are being medicated for this disorder each day.
Some people even wonder if ADHD has been created by society to preserve a natural order and
compliance. Aside from parents, teachers are good resources for observing ADHD traits in children
that they teach on a daily basis. Kids go through bouts of hyperactivity and disobedience in school,
but at a certain point this behavior may distract other students away from learning. Teachers should
be counseled on how to interact with and teach an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In order to diagnose a child with ADHD, the child must exhibit at "least 6 core symptoms and these
symptoms must cause some impairments in at least 2 setting (such as home and school), although
severe impairment in one setting may suffice" (Parens and Johnston). Core symptoms of ADHD are
broken up into two categories: impulse–hyperactivity and inattention. Impulse– hyperactivity
symptoms include fidgeting, not staying in their seat, blurting out words, and impatience. Inattentive
symptoms include frequent careless mistakes, difficulty paying attention in activities, and not
listening when being directly spoken to. Diagnosis can occur all throughout school years but "most
hyperactive children are referred for assessment in the first three grades of school" (Weiss and
Hechtman). Along with the diagnosis of ADHD, certain other conditions may be diagnosed at the
same time. These are called co morbid conditions and are often found to correlate with attention
deficit. Depression and epilepsy are two of these conditions, although not everyone with ADHD will
have them. Also, before a valid diagnosis of ADHD is made other medical conditions must be ruled
out. Some of these disorders are hypothyroidism, child abuse, chronic illness, and substance abuse.
Any of these problems can share signs and symptoms of attention deficit disorder; therefore, they
must not exist in the patient. Once a

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, is a
condition causing constant inattention, hyperactivity and (or) impulsivity. Attention deficit disorder,
or ADD, is a condition of attention deficit in individuals. The main difference between them is that
patients suffering from ADHD are usually hyperactive whereas ADD patients, on the contrary,
remain shy and day dreamy. Both terms may be used interchangeably in conversations, for instance.
However ADHD is an official term used by the American Psychiatric Association. One of its types –
Predominantly Inattentive – is referred to as ADD. So, in order to avoid nimiety, ADD/ADHD is
hereinafter referred to as ADHD. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD is a condition
causing constant inattention, hyperactivity and (or) impulsivity. ADHD begins in childhood and can
persist in adulthood. The initial term "attention deficit disorder" was distinguished in the early 80s
from the wider concept, which was previously established, called "minimal brain dysfunction". The
history of minimal brain dysfunction study is associated with studies of E. Kahn et al. (1934). While
watching the school–age children with behavior disorders such as distractibility, motor disinhibition,
impulsive behavior, the authors purported that the reason for these changes is presented in a brain
damage of etiology, which is unknown and have suggested the term "minimal brain damage." Soon,
the learning

Charlotte B. Levy Professor Dollie Hudspeth English 1302–118 December 10, 2015 The Attention
Children Faces Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD remains comparatively common
among young children ages four to twelve years of age. These conditions exist extremely innate,
brain based that has to do with the limitation of a specific functions of the brain associated with
behaviors. Mischief–makers and undisciplined are the characteristics of children with attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) that can cause chaos in daily lives. To distinguish the
inconceivable behaviors of children, sports can be an alternative way that can assist children in
helping them focus with their activities particularly from association to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Rendering to the National Institute of Mental, children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD) had difficulty focusing on one area of activity. For example, children with ADHD, easily
unable to remember stuffs to remember and this continual forgetfulness is not a good sign on
children, because most likely this condition will progress in learning incapacities. Another concern,
for instance, difficulty concentrating especially when the chore is tedious or monotonous. At first,
the parent would think the child was not listening when the parent would ask a child to do
something over and over. Another example, children with ADHD become very irritated once they
tussle with their work, and every now and then this primes to giving up. According to Piaget, the
mental notion of a child's brain still need to develop and kid's experience "series of stages" in life
(Laura King 287). It would be chaotic when conformity does not work with kids who does not
comply with rules and regulation (King 437). Kohlberg's theory argued that proper growth involves
changes with age in views, emotional state, and behavior (King 298). Yet, the abnormality of a
child's behavior can strain their effort to succeed in their daily life. When parents generated their
time and effort to constantly be there for their kid's needs, conventionality, the emotional and
behavioral state involve disarray, in the society, these kids could be deviant if not properly
supervised.

Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )
Attention Deficit Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder To Medicate or Not to
Medicate with Adderall? Meghan L. Gonzales National University Attention Deficit Disorder and
Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder To Medicate or Not to Medicate with Adderall? The medical
world has noticed several changes and improvements during the past century, but maybe none that 's
as economically rewarding afterward the prescription drug business. New medications turn–up
regular and maintain to treat a growing number of ailments. Around the corner of each and every
block is a drugstore as well as their shelves are stocked with prescription drugs plus it looks they 're
here to stay. Most frequently we change to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are various facets of the ailment that lots of people aren 't even conscious of. ADD/ADHD is a
neurological problem which impacts the CNS, along with the inspirational system. ADD/ADHD
impacts two significant elements of the mind which are linked with all the capability to pay attention
along with the capability to modulate motor action. ADD/ADHD is due to a chemical imbalance in
the mind. There exists a lack in the brains ' capability to make neuro–transmitters. ADD/ADHD is
thought to be hereditary. Though many people consider it one, ADD/ADHD isn 't a learning
disability. ADD/ADHD changes a man 's efficiency in college environment, as well as other aspects
of life too. Relationships with others, how well you arrange your chamber and properties, and the
way you keep track of your financing are several other regions impacted by ADD/ADHD.
Alternately, you might have already been in a position to pay for the outward symptoms of
ADD/ADHD when you 're young, only to run into issues as your obligations increase when you get
older. The more balls you are wanting to keep in the air, pursuing a profession, raising a family,
managing a home, the greater the need on your own skills to arrange, concentrate, and stay
composed. This could be challenging for anybody, but in individuals who have ADD/ADHD, it
might feel utterly hopeless. Quite simply, the patient 's mind is much like a light always going on
and off at the worst possible times.

Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder : The Growth And...
The growth and health of our future generation is a huge topic of discussion in today's world. Our
children have to be safe, taken care of, and receive a greater wealth of knowledge in comparison to
previous generation. However, what happens when a child cannot sit still or does not have the
attention span required? This child gets a label of Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder and is
possibly medicated at a young age. Studies have been trying to understand the cause of this disorder
and a better way to diagnose it; however, this topic and disorder is still surrounded in a great deal
controversy. Barkley(1997) wrote a journal trying to unify various theories of Attention Deficit
Hyperactive Disorder. He wanted to look at defects in behavioral inhibition and sustained attention
in comparison to Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder. Through the use of a theoretical model
behavioral inhibition is linked to working memory, self–regulation, internalization of speech and
reconstitution. Barkley (1997) stated, that someone with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder
should show other impairments in the four categories stated above. In the end, it is believed that this
model could be a practical theory for self–control and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder, but
more research still needs to be done. Milich et. al (2001) Looked into subtypes of Attention Deficit
Hyperactive Disorder and how they may need to be listed as two separate disorders. Thus,
differences between

Adderall : Risks With Many College Students
Kyle Lyons
Professor Nancy Spina
FYW101_F3
13 November 2014
Adderall Leading To Risks With Many College Students
In today's society, college students throughout the country without Attention Deficit
Disorder/Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder are turning to mixed Amphetamine Salts (MAS),
which is the brand name for Adderall as their gateway to better studying strategies and presumably
higher grades. Currently at the heart of the cultural imagination, lies the controversy over whether or
not Adderall, in fact, improves one's wellbeing. Although many believe that it does cure the
attention deficit with which those suffer from, does this "magic pill" actually satisfy the task, or is it
like taking a placebo and all in one's head? ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Meanwhile, only about 4 or 5 percent are treated for it. In the early 2,000's, Adderall abuse had
become a crucial issue amongst students worldwide. According to the Wall Street Journal article,
prescriptions for stimulants have risen to 2.6 million a month in 2004, from 1.6 million in 2000. It
was recorded that 850,000 of those prescriptions were for Adderall.
Taking Adderall when you do not have ADHD can lead to serious consequences. The human body
requires sleep in order to function properly. Adderall being an amphetamine, causes sleep
deprivation, which is one of the many dangers associated with such a drug. Adderall, which was
established for the sole purpose for those diagnosed with the disorder, is, unfortunately, beginning to
be used recreationally and casually by those who, in fact, don't actually suffer from ADHD. Is this
dangerous physically or mentally? Medications like Adderall are one of the largest concerns in the
medical field today. College students, for example, realized that utilizing this drug forces them to
perform better both inside and outside of the classroom. As an undergraduate student, one knows
that Adderall is considered a student's best friend. This disorder has become a prevalent diagnosis
for teenagers who feel that they are incapable of concentrating or focusing on their studies.
Although many believe that Adderall only improves one's behavior, it does, in fact, have negative
effects on individuals as

Adhd Research Paper
Is ADHD Being Wrongly Misdiagnosed and Over diagnosed in Children?
Imagine having your mind constantly shifting from one thought or image to the next. The task at
hand is easily distracted by every sound or activity around you. You're easily bored, yet distracted by
unimportant sights or sounds. To your family and teachers, you seem to be in a constant whirlwind
of disorganized activity. As a result, your daily life, relationship with others, and self–esteem may be
damaged. One of the major causes of this is due to Attention–
Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, most commonly referred to as ADHD, is a neurological
disorder that develops during childhood and can persist into adulthood. This chronic ... Show more
For example according to Timothy
J. Legg, a geriatric and family psychiatric/mental health nurse practitioner, the most difficult
differential diagnosis to make is between ADHD and bipolar mood disorder. These two conditions
often make it hard to distinguish because they share several symptoms including: impatience, mood
instability, outbursts, restlessness, and talkativeness. Another condition that mimics the hyperactivity
and social development issues in ADHD patients is Autism. Social skills and the ability to learn may
be inhibited in children with both conditions, which can cause issues in school and at home. Some
children diagnosed with ADHD don't suffer any medical condition, but are simply normal, easy
excitable, or bored. According to research published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal,
the age of a child relative to their peers has been shown to influence a teacher's perception of
whether or not they have ADHD. Children who are young for their grade levels may receive an
inaccurate diagnosis because teachers mistake their normal immaturity for ADHD. Children who, in
fact, have higher levels of intelligence than their peers may also be misdiagnosed because they grow
bored in classes that they feel are too easy.
According to Thomas E. Brown, a clinical psychologist who specializes in assessment and treatment
of

Adhd Research Paper
An Overview of Complementary and Alternative Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder in Children and Adolescents By Levi Noe
Health Care Counseling
February 18th, 2009
Attention Deficit Disorder, ADD, and it's counterpart Attention Deficit–hyperactivity Disorder,
ADHD, are some of the most commonly diagnosed disorders in children and adolescents. For the
purposes of this paper ADD and ADHD will be used interchangeably. The disorder affects an
estimated 3–5% of school age children,[1] though some estimates put the percentage closer to eight
percent. The characteristics of this disorder are generally hyperactivity, inattentiveness, and
impulsivity which can cause a variety of impairments in social, academic, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The study divided the boys into a yoga group and a control group, with a small participation number
of 14. Significant effects were found in the yoga group in areas of oppositional behavior, changes in
emotional states, impulsivity, and ADHD index. The control group showed improvements in
hyperactivity, anxiousness/shyness, and social problems. This study unfortunately did not have large
enough numbers or reliable measurements. In this study were mentioned numerous other studies that
have found agreeing reports of effects derived from yoga that specifically help manage symptoms of
ADHD. These improvements include improved emotional states, and reduced inattentiveness,
hyperactivity, and impulsiveness, which are all primary symptoms of ADHD. In many studies both
clinical and nonclinical yoga has been observed to have significant effects on the brain and body.
However, more evidence is needed to determine the safety and effectiveness of yoga as a
complementary or alternative treatment. [2] A study producing negative results on one particular
form of CAM treatment of ADHD was done on St. John's wort, hypericum perforatum. At Bastyr
University researchers formed an eight week randomized, placebo–controlled, double blind trial of
this herb. The test sample was a group of children and adolescents ranging in age from 6 to 17 years.
Randomized, the patients took either St. John's

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) ADHD and its diagnosis and treatment have been
considered controversial since the 1970s. The controversies have involved clinicians, teachers,
policymakers, parents and the media. Opinions regarding ADHD range from not believing it exists
at all to believing there are genetic and physiological bases for the condition as well as disagreement
about the use of stimulant medications in treatment. Some sociologists consider ADHD to be a
"classic example of the medicalization of deviant behavior, defining a previously non medical
problem as a medical one." Most healthcare providers in U.S. accept that ADHD is a genuine
disorder with debate in centering mainly around how it is diagnosed and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
With regard to genetic studies, research has demonstrated the fact that genetic influences are
involved. Family studies, molecular genetics, and twin studies have explained the familial nature of
ADHD. Regarding family studies, there is a high probability of a child being diagnosed with the
disorder if the siblings or parents are also affected. In addition, about 33.3% of fathers who in their
childhood had ADHD are likely to bear children who have the disorder. This is an indication that
among first degree relatives of affected parents or siblings, there is a 6–8X risk of an ADHD relative
to the prevalence of ADHD in the general population. Further evidence has been obtained from twin
studies by comparing the rate of concordance between monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins.
All of the genes are shared in the case of MZ twins whereas in DZ twins only 50% of segregating
genes are shared on average. A study that involved comparing the rate of concordance between the
two types of twins revealed that among MZ twins, the rate of concordance ranged between 58% and
82%. For the same sex in DZ twins, the rate was 31%–38%. These results provided more evidence
to the heritable nature of ADHD. However, the fact that the rate of concordance in MZ twins was
less than 100% in all the studies conducted implies the involvement of environmental components in
the aetiology of ADHD. Several environmental factors

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Children With...
Children today are affected by a number of developmental and behavioral disorders. One that has
become very common over the years is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD. This
disorder is diagnosed to individuals who cannot focus well and have apparent restless behavior.
Those who are diagnosed with this disorder seem to be young or adolescent, and the numbers are
continuing to increase. Due to the increase in numbers, many alarmed parents are quick to jump to
giving their kids medication. This method is quite controversial and has some advantages and
disadvantages to it. Some believe that today's physicians will over–diagnose children with ADHD,
leading to normal kids receiving unneeded prescriptions of powerful stimulants. However, there is
still a large need of medication for children who are truly suffering from this mental disorder. When
one is properly diagnosed with ADHD, there are many advantages to treating with medication.
ADHD was first discussed in 1902 by British pediatrician Sir George Still. He described it as "an
abnormal defect of moral control in children." He discovered that the children with ADHD had a
harder time controlling their behaviors when compared to typical children, but this didn't make them
unintelligent. Also in 1902, Sir George Still published some lectures to the Royal College of
Physicians in England where he talked about a group of children with what appeared to be
behavioral problems. This was caused by a genetic dysfunction

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd ) Essay
ADHD Writing Assignment Sayako Deguchi Pikes Peak Community College ADHD Definition of
ADHD Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is contemporary defined in the DSM–IV–
TR published by the American Psychiatric Association. According to the current Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM–IV–TR; American Psychiatric
Association [APA], 2000), Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) characterized by
"inattention and/ or hyperactivity–impulsivity that is more frequent and severe than is typically
observed in individuals at a comparable level of development" (p78). Symptom is having problem
with paying attention, excessive activity, and unable to control impulsive behaviors. Children who
have ADHD caused impairment, and shows symptoms before 7 years old (APA, 2000). Symptoms
will usually surface when they are in preschool because of having trouble in classroom and their
social behavior in their school life. According to DSM–IV–TR, Inattention behavior may be present
in academic, work, and social environment. People with this disorder perform their tasks carelessly,
get lost, and may fail to complete given tasks (APA, 2000). They have hard time keeping their
concentrating on one activity or task, and are easily distracted by noise or stimuli that others can
ignore easily. They shift their attention rapidly and are very forgetful in daily tasks, for example
forgetting their homework. They usually have strong distaste

Essay about Attention Deficit Disorder
Attention Deficit Disorder
Five year old Danny is in kindergarten. It is playtime and he hops from chair to chair, swinging his
arms and legs restlessly, and then begins to fiddle with the light switches, turning the lights on and
off again to everyone's annoyance––all the while talking nonstop. When his teacher encourages him
to join a group of other children busy in the playroom, Danny interrupts a game that was already in
progress and takes over, causing the other children to complain of his bossiness and drift away to
other activities. Even when Danny has the toys to himself, he fidgets aimlessly with them and seems
unable to entertain himself quietly. To many, this may seem like a problem; and it is. Danny most
likely suffers from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is an unrealistic expectation of a person with ADD. What is normal is that they will be
inconsistent. Typically, they have problems with following through on instructions, paying attention
appropriately to what they need to attend to, seem not to listen, be disorganized, have poor
handwriting, miss details, have trouble starting tasks or with tasks that require planning or long–
term effort, appear to be easily distracted, or forgetful. In addition, some people with ADD can be
fidgety, verbally impulsive, unable to wait their turn, and act on impulse regardless of consequences.
However, it is important to remember –– not all people with ADD have all of these difficulties, or all
of the time.
Due to the fact that society has traditionally thought of a person with ADD as being "hyper," many
children who have ADD with no hyperactivity are not being identified or treated. Individuals with
ADD without hyperactivity are sometimes thought of as daydreamers or "absent–minded
professors." The non–hyperactive children with ADD most often seem to be girls (though girls can
have ADD with hyperactivity, and boys can have ADD without hyperactivity). Additionally, because
of the ability of an individual with ADD to over–focus, or "hyper–focus" on something that is of
great interest or highly stimulating, many untrained observers assume that this ability to concentrate
negates the

Attention–deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD which is often referred to as childhood
hyperactivity, it 's a severe and chronic disorder for children. It is one of the most prevalent
childhood disorders, and affects 3% to 5% of the school–age population. Boys outnumber girls three
or more to one. Children with ADHD can experience many behavioral difficulties that often
manifest in the form of inattention, being easily distracted, being impulsive, and hyperactivity. As a
result, children with ADHD may develop emotional, social, developmental, academic, and family
problems because of the frustrations and problems they are constantly experiencing. (Shea)
Families who have children with ADHD often experience much higher anxiety and stress levels. A
large number of children, almost half, will exhibit signs of ADHD by the age of four. However, most
children are not diagnosed until he or she reaches elementary school. The behaviors that are
associated with ADHD in children put them at risk for a host of other problems and complications
such as completing their education, alcohol and other drug abuse, and an increased risk for
delinquency. There has been much research on ADHD in recent years and many different types of
medications and interventions have proven to be quite helpful. With the proper diagnosis and
treatment, children with ADHD can learn to cope with the daily demands of the classroom, social
situations, family interactions, and life in general.
For years

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Abstract There have been major concerns about the
different kinds of learning disorders and the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is one. While
there are different kinds of the learning disorders which affect the old and the young alike,
researchers have not been able to find the cause of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. This
paper will begin by discussing the definition of the disorder, the recent statistics of children with the
disorder, causes and the diagnosis of the disorder, types and kinds of the disorder. Symptoms of the
disorder and how it can be diagnosed and detected early and how old a child would be for the
symptoms to be diagnosed. Treatment ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Exposure to poisonous pesticides such as organophosphate has also led to an increase in ADHD.
(Life Span and Growth Development) In a magnetic resonance imaging scan (MRI), scientists have
observed that ADHD might be related to how the brain is connected and how it is wired that the
density in the development of the frontal lobes which controls and suppress inappropriate actions
and thought, focus attention, remember things, work to get reward, planning ahead. While there is a
slow growth in the frontal lobes, the motor cortex– the one that controls movement –matures faster
than in a more healthy and normal child. (NIMH) Symptoms of the disorder are usually
characterized by three important key issues: Inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. It must
however be severe in a child with ADHD and occur very often. A child must have these symptoms
for six months or more and a greater percentage than other kids the same age for a diagnosis to be
done. A child with inattention may be bored after a few minutes with a task, be easily distracted,
miss things, and have trouble turning in or completing an assignment, etc. A child with hyperactivity
talks nonstop, is constantly in motion, and has difficulty sitting down during dinner or story time
and doing quiet activities. A child with impulsivity can be very impatient, having difficulty waiting
for things they want and waiting in line. They may also blurt out inappropriate comments, and often
interrupt

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Ritalin,...
Attention–Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Ritalin, and the Brain
Attention–Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, more commonly referred to as simply ADHD, is the most
commonly diagnosed disorder among American children today. According to the National Institute
on Mental Health an estimated 3 to 5 percent of school age children are affected by this disorder. (1)
There are more diagnosed cases of ADHD of in the United States than there are anywhere in the
world. The main symptoms of ADHD include "developmentally inappropriate levels of attention,
concentration, activity, distractibility, and impulsivity." (1) While the number of people diagnosed
with ADHD increases dramatically every year, there is still much about the disorder that is not ...
While studies conducted on the short–term use of these drugs have indicated strongly favorable
results in reducing the symptoms of ADHD, at the present there have not been any conclusive
studies to show the long–term effects of methylphenidate.
To look at the other side of the debate on ADHD one must also consider the argument that while
scientists at the moment do not completely understand the nature of ADHD, they are obligated to
learn more. If the use of Ritalin has shown obviously beneficial effects is it not logical to use it? The
debate surrounding the use of psychostimulants drugs, and more specifically Ritalin, has mainly to
do with the lack of understanding concerning ADHD than it does with the drugs themselves.
Scientists believe that one first one has to recognize ADHD as a disorder before one can proceed to
evaluate its treatments. Ultimately the battle over Ritalin and ADHD demonstrates the lack of
understanding we as humans have of the brain and how it functions.
Attention–Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder most popularly associated with an inability to concentrate
has been identified by the American Psychiatric Association as displaying nine possible symptoms.
To be diagnosed with ADHD a person must display at least six of the nine symptoms. These
symptoms include:
–Making careless mistakes in schoolwork
–Difficulty sustaining

Adhd Research Paper 1
TERM RESEARCH PAPER ON ATTENTION–DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER
Introduction Attention–Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ("ADHD") is a common childhood disorder
that represents developmentally inappropriate levels of inattention, impulsivity and overactivity. It
occurs in 3% to 5% of the school age population as stated by (Craighead, Craighead, Kazdin &
Mahoney, 1994). Another author (Barkley, 1981) stated that ADHD occurs in at least one child in
every classroom. As a result of these statistics, ADHD has become one of the most commonly
referred and heavily studied psychological disorders of childhood. Studies show that about 50–60%
of children with ADHD in the age range of five to seven years are hostile and defiant. By the ...
Some major causal variables that have been identified are categorised as neurological factors, toxic
reactions, genetic linkages and environmental factors. However, most of the available evidence
found, points to neurological factors, which are imbalances of neurotransmitters in the brain, and
genetic variables as the primary causes of ADHD. The environmental factors and toxic reactions
(such as lead exposure and food additives) are considered very minimal causes of ADHD. The
search for causes of ADHD continues. There are many variables which are biological or thought to
have an affect on biological functioning. Assessment of ADHD An evaluation of a child with ADHD
includes multiple assessment techniques. The main goals of the assessment are:– 1. to gather
information about the developmental deviance of ADHD symptoms or other behavioural problems.
2. to rule out other psychiatric, learning or emotional problems that may be causing inattention,
impulsivity, and/or overactivity. 3. to determine the degree of consistency between the sources and
across situations with respect to reports of behaviours associated with ADHD. 4. to identify and
prioritise targets for intervention. Conducting interviews with parents, teachers and the child. To
determine the four factors just mentioned, the following methods are used:– 1. Interviews – to be
conducted with parents, teachers and the child 2. Rating Scales – to compare the child's

Living with ADHD: Understanding the Disorder

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Cecilia Lucero

More from Cecilia Lucero (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Living with ADHD: Understanding the Disorder