The document discusses definite and indefinite articles in English. It explains that "the" is a definite article and refers to specific or known nouns, while "a" and "an" are indefinite articles and refer to nonspecific or unknown nouns. It provides examples of the usage of definite and indefinite articles with singular and plural nouns. It also discusses the zero article, when an article is not used at all before a noun.

1. Articles
Cansu SÜER

2. Definite (the) and Indefinite (a/an)
• Articles are words like «a, an and the».
• They are the determiners that help us
figure out how important or specific sth is.
«The» cat
defines
what we
are talking. So
it is definite. A
specific one.

3. A/An and The
• «The» can be both singular or plural.
e.g. The orange or the oranges
• A/an is only singular.
e.g. An apple but an apples
• We can think articles basically as
adjectives. (article + noun)
• An is when there is a vowel sound while
reading. (an umbrella, an actor…)

4. A/An
• A/an is indefinite, refers to any member of
a group.
• Be careful with the reading of the word for
usage of an.
e.g. an hour, a hospital, a university, an
uncle….
• Before acronyms with the same rule.
- a Society of Writers. But an S.O.W.

5. Indefinite Article A/an
(identity unknown)
• Always singular.
- She has a/one Euro.
• If the noun is modified by an adjective.
e.g. A beautiful girl, a red car…
• To indicate a member of a group
- jobs: a doctor, a teacher, a student…
- An Englishman, a buddhist…

6. Indefinite Article A/an
(identity unknown)
• We can’t use a/an with uncountable nouns.
e.g. We don’t have any information.
• We use a/an with prices, frequency and
speeds.
e.g. It costs $2 a gallon.
I drink 3 cups of coffee a day.
ninety kilometres an hour
• a/an before hundred, thousand & million.
- a hundred, a million, a thousand (=one)

7. Definite Article The
(identity known)
• Unique things and objects
- The sun, the moon, the equator, the
president of US, the queen of England…
• The mountain ranges
- The Himalayas, the Alps, the Urals…
• Rivers, oceans and seas
- The Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterrenean Sea,
the Nile…

8. Definite Article The
(identity known)
• Deserts and group of islands
- The Sahara, the Gobi, the Maldives…
• Countries when they include the words such
as states, republic, kingdom…
- The United Kingdom, the United States, The
Republic of China…
• Musical Instruments and dances
- The piano, the flute, the tango, the waltz…

9. Definite Article The
(identity known)
• Historical periods and events
- The Iron age, the 2nd World War…
• Museums, hotels, cinemas and newspapers
- The Louvre Museum, the Holiday Inn, the
Royal Theatre, the Guardian…
• With the words morning, afternoon, station,
city, village
- The morning, the city…

10. Definite Article The
(identity known)
• With adjectives used as nouns to refer to a
group of people and the family names
- The police, the poor, the Adams (family)…
• With only/last/first used as adjectives and
superlative forms
- The last person, the richest…
• With titles when the name of the person is not
mentioned
- The president of US, the queen of England…

11. Zero Article
We do not use the with:
• When we talk about something general:
- Ø Koalas in Australia.
• Proper nouns
- This is Ø Ana.
• Name of countries (Brazil, Turkey), cities
(Ankara, Berlin), parks (Hyde Park), bridges,
(London Bridge), continents (Europe), squares
(Taksim Square), islands (Rhodes) and lakes
(Lake Van)

12. Zero Article
We do not use the with:
• Two word-names when the first is the name of a
person/place.
- Ø Heatrow Airport
• Names of meals
- We are eating Ø dinner.
• Sports/games (tennis, chess)
• Months/days (April, Saturday)
• Celebrations (Easter, Halloween)

13. Zero Article
We do not use the with:
• Colors (red, green)
• Drinks (coffee, beer)
• Languages (Chinese, French)
• The words such as school, hospital, church,
court, college, prison, university, etc. when we
refer to the purpose for which they exist.
- Jim is in Ø hospital.
- But we went to the hospital to visit Jim. (a
specific one where Jim is)

14. Zero Article
We do not use the with:
• The words this/that/those/these
• Possesive adjectives
• Means of transport
- Are you travelling to Paris by Ø plane?

15. Example Questions

16. Example Questions

17. Example Questions

18. Example Questions

19. Example Questions
4. - I have bought ........ new shirt which matches
.......... jacket I bought last week.
a) some/a
b) the/a
c) a/the
d) some/the
e) an/some

20. Example Questions
I have bought ........ new shirt which matches
.......... jacket I bought last week.
a) some/a
b) the/a
c) a/the
d) some/the
e) an/some
Cevap C

21. Example Questions
......... blood flows to all parts of .......... body
through .......... circulatory system, which is
composed of arteries, veins and capillaries.
a) A/a/the
b) Some/a/—
c) Most/the/a
d) —/the/the
e) The/some/a

22. Example Questions
......... blood flows to all parts of .......... body
through .......... circulatory system, which is
composed of arteries, veins and capillaries.
a) A/a/the
b) Some/a/—
c) Most/the/a
d) —/the/the
e) The/some/a
Cevap D