form 4 science are very easy

2. Form 4 science chapter 1
 gylj

3. Scientific investigation
Steps of investigation method
= identiying the problem , identifying the variables,
making a hypothesis , controling the variable ,
planing the investigstion , carying out of the
investigation , writinhg a report.
1 identifying the variables
Variables are factor that we c sn change a
manipulate when carying out scientific investigation
. Example time, mass temperature ,quantity

4. Making a hypothesis
A hypothesis is a general statement or a possible
answer to the problem under investigation, it
must be based on observations , it could be
tasted through an experiment .
Controling the variable
Three types of variable
manipulated variable , responding variable ,
constant variable

5. Manipulated variables
Is used to taste a hypothesis . It may take the form
of a number or a statement. This variable will be
used to test for any changes to the responding
variable.
Responding variable
Demonstrates changes ofr variation in response to
the manipulated variable. This variables refers to
the set of data collected from the scientific
investigation

6. Constant variable
will be fixdd or maintained throughout a scientific
investigation . It needs to kept constant so that it
will not in fluence the result of experiment
Planning the investigation
scientific investigation involves experimental
vertification . This maybe done in the laboratary .
When the hypothesis and the variables have been
identified , the investigation process needs to be
planned

7. Collecting data
Data collected are normally quantitative in
nature . Examples include the quantity of
chemical used , length, time taken temperaure
mass etc. Nonetheless some data may be
qualitative in nature . Such data may involve
taking nte of non- measurable characteristics
such as shape and colour .

8. Analysing data
Is an important step in scientific investigation .the
analysed data highlights the concept or underlines
important facts in the study. Steps in analysing data
include
. Comparing the data based on the criteria such as
nature , characteris tics and quality of the
substances or object
. Classifying the object or event based on the
giving criteria.
. Arranging the object by following the rules and
the principles

9. Relating the data and identify the
relationships of the variables
Quantitative data is used to draw tablea, chart
or graphs
Interpreting data
Be interpreted throough tables, graphs or
charts. In these forms of presentation , the data
can be easily understood . Therefore
observations , measurements and calculations
clearly

10. During the investigstion , the manipulated
variable , the responding variable and the
variable must be controlled to produce
accurate result.
Data gathered is analysed and interpreted
through the use of graphs , charts or table.

11. Conclusion is made to explain the problem
defined in the beginning of the hypothesis can
either be accepted or rejected.
Scientific attidues and noble value should be
adopted during scientific investigation .