Powerplant mainly steam and nuclear

1. PRESENTED BY
BIBIN BABY

2.  A power station (also referred to as a
generating station, power plant, powerhouse
or generating plant) is an industrial facility for
the generation of electric power

3. On the basis of source of energy
 Nuclear power plant
 Geothermal power plant
 Fossil Fuel Power plant
 Solar Thermal Power plant
 Hydroelectric power plant

4.  A steam power plant
converts the chemical
energy of the fossil
fuels(coal,oil,gas) into
mechanical/electrical
energy

8. Coal and Ash Circuit
 Coal arrives at the storage yard
 After necessary handling
 Passes on to the furnaces through fuel feed
device
 Ash resulting from combustion of coal collects
at the back of the boiler
 Ash is removed to ash storage yard through
ash handling equipment

9.  Air is taken in from atmosphere through the
action of a forced or induced draught fan
 It is passed on to furnace through air preheater
where it is heated by flue gases and passed to
boiler
 Flue gases after passing around boiler tubes
and super heater tubes in the furnace pass
through a dust catching device exit through
chimney after passing through economiser and
preheater

10.  Condensate leaving the condenser is first
heated in a closed feed water heater through
extracted steam from lowest pressure
extraction point of turbine
 It then passes through several water heaters
before going to boiler through economiser
 In boiler drum and tubes, water circulates due
to difference between the density of water in
lower temp and higher temperature sections of
boiler

11.  Wet steam from drum is further heated up in the
superheater before being supplied to the
primeover
 After expanding in high pressure turbine steam is
taken to the reheat boiler and brought to its
original dryness or super heat before being passed
on to low pressure turbine
 It is exhausted through the condenser to hot well
 A part of steam and water is lost while passing
through components it is comepensated by
supplying additional feed water

12.  The cooling water supply to condenser helps
on maintaining a low pressure in it
 The water may be taken from a natural source
such as river,lake or sea
 Same water maybe recirculated again after
some cooling

13.  Reliability
 Minimum capital cost
 Minimum operating and maintenance cost
 Capacity to meet peak load effectively
 Minimum losses of energy in transmission
 Low cost of energy supplied to the consumers
 Reserve capacity to meet future demands

14. Nuclear power plant uses nuclear energy to
make steam and produce electricity

16.  A controlled fission heat source
 A coolant system to remove and transfer the
heat produced
 Equipment to convert the thermal energy
contained in hot coolant to electric power

17.  Fission is the process that occurs when a
neutron collides with nucleus of certain of the
heavy atoms causing the original nucleus splits
into two or more unequal fragments which
carry off most of the energy of fission as kinetic
energy.

19.  A nuclear reactor is an
apparatus in which
nuclear fission is
produced in the form
of a controlled self
sustaining chain
reaction

21.  Fuel: Uranium is the basic fuel. Usually pellets
of uranium oxide (UO2) are arranged in tubes
to form fuel rods. The rods are arranged into
fuel assemblies in the reactor core.
 Plutonium 239 is also used as fuel
Moderator:Material in the core which slows
down the neutrons released from fission so that
they cause more fission. It is usually water, but
may be heavy water or graphite.

22.  Control rods. These are made with neutron-
absorbing material such as cadmium, hafnium
or boron, and are inserted or withdrawn from
the core to control the rate of reaction, or to halt
it.
 In fission, most of the neutrons are released
promptly, but some are delayed. These are
crucial in enabling a chain reacting system (or
reactor) to be controllable and to be able to be
held precisely critical.

23.  Coolant. A fluid circulating through the core so
as to transfer the heat from it. Usually water is
used as coolant.
 CO2 is also used
 Pressure vessel or pressure tubes. Usually a
robust steel vessel containing the reactor core
and moderator/coolant, but it may be a series
of tubes holding the fuel and conveying the
coolant through the surrounding moderator.

24.  Steam generator: These are large heat exchangers
for transferring heat from one fluid to another
where the high-pressure primary coolant bringing
heat from the reactor is used to make steam for the
turbine, in a secondary circuit
 Containment: The structure around the reactor
and associated steam generators which is designed
to protect it from outside intrusion and to protect
those outside from the effects of radiation in case
of any serious malfunction inside. It is typically a
metre-thick concrete and steel structure.

25.  Needs lesser space compared to other
conventional power plants
 Well suited to meet large power demands
 Saving in cost of fuel transportation
 Operation is more reliable
 Not affected by adverse weather conditions
 Expenditure on metal structures piping,storage
mechanisms is much lower for a nuclear
powerplant compared to steam plant

26.  Capital cost is high
 Danger of radioactivity
 Cannot be operated at varying load efficiently
 Maintenance cost is high
 Disposal of fission products is a big problem
 Affects health of workers