Describe the basic characteristics of Judaism, including but not limited to: its history, its primary beliefs, its criticisms, its practices, and its organization. 3 references Solution Judaism believes in one God ,it believes God is only one its a monotheistic faith.judaism believes in justice with everyone it says justice is above than any rituals.judaism teaches that all human are created in the image of human.every human has God in his body.so everyone should be treated nicely,all are equally important . Judaism also believes that God will send MESIAH one day to unity or happiness in their life.this is key difference between Judaism and Christianity,Christianity believes messiah has already come in the image of Jesus christ.judaism is related to Jewish religion .The Torah is the main religious text of the Judaism .The main branches of Judaism are orthodox,conservative,Reconstructionist and reform..

1. Explain how HPV leads to cervical cancer and oral cancer. Include the roles of oncogenes and
tumor suppressors.
Explain how HPV leads to cervical cancer and oral cancer. Include the roles of oncogenes and
tumor suppressors.
Solution
HPVs are DNA viruses that are typed based on their DNA sequences and subgrouped into high
and low oncogenic risk: High oncogenic virus are considered to be single mot important factor in
cervical oncogeneis.
HPV infect immature basal cells of squamous epithelium in areas of epithelial breaks or
immature metaplastic squamous cell present at squamocolumnar junction. HPV cannot infect
mature squamous cells.
Lthough visus can infect only immature squamous cells, replication of HPV occurs in maturing
quamous cells and results in cytopathic effect,"koilocytic atypia".
To replicate, HPV has to induce DNA synthesis in the host cells. HPV activates the cell cycle by
interfering with the function of Rb and p53 tumor suppressing gene.
Viral E6 & E7 proteins are critical for oncogenic effects of HPV. they can promote cell cycle by
binding to RB and up-regulation of cyclin E(E7);
interupt cell death pathway by binding to p5;
induce centrosome inactivation and genomic instability;
and prevent senescence by up-regulation of telomerase(E6).
all together, these proteins arrest apoptosis while promoting DNA synthesis. this critically
increase the lifespan of epithileal cell, leading to cancer proliferation