The Development And Development Of The Greek And Greek Empire
The Roman Republic and Empire was one of the largest civilisations in the world. A significant question posed is how and why did the Roman
Republic and Empire develop in the ways they did and interact with the Persian and Greek/Hellenic Empires? At the height of the Roman Empire it
spanned across western Europe, and encompassed the entire Mediterranean. Lasting and developing through thousands of years, the Romans
encountered and interacted with the Persian and Greek/Hellenic Empires. This included trading, co–existing, and going to war with one another.
Although, originally the Roman Republic and Empire was first founded by the Etruscan people. Established in 753 BCE by a Etruscan colony on the
River Tiber in Italy, the city was controlled by Etruscan Kings until 509 BCE. Whence the people rose up against the monarchy to establish the
Roman Republic, and fought for control of central Italy for the next 30 years. (Dr David Lundberg, 2017, pp.6–7) Thus the Roman Republic became a
contending force in Western Europe, and across the Mediterranean for the next 450 years. (J.M.Roberts & Odd Arne Westad, 2013, p.218) Instead of
a king, two consuls and an assembly of elected magistrates were installed to rule the Roman Republic. Before a new set of consuls, and new
magistrates were elected by the citizens each year. Additionally, legislative and consultative bodies were elected as Tribunes of the people, who
managed the affairs of the government and managed conflicts that arose
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Roman Slave Revolts
The Roman Republic began in 509BC when the Romans overthrew the Etruscans and established a republic government.1 After this the Roman
Empire began to take control of the Mediterranean Sea and eventually dominated it.3 The Republic began to decline in 133BC with the wealthy
Romans gaining in wealth and the poor continuing to lose money; with this more people became enslaved causing increased slave revolts.1 This
meant people like Crassus and Caesar could build armies loyal only to them and gain power.2 A new practice developed in which the army was paid
with gold and land. Soldiers no longer fought for the good of the Republic but fought instead for tangible rewards. Soldiers became more loyal to the
generals who could pay them than to... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"The Senate commanded Caesar to surrender his legions in late 50BC." (Roman Civil Wars of 88–30 BCE) Pompey would not surrender his own army
so Caesar decided war was the only way to keep power. With German and Gallic help, Caesar marched into Cisalpine Gaul through Italy.5 He took
the city of Ariminum, which allowed him to cut off Cisalpine Gaul from Italy.5 Pompey tried to keep Caesar back, and with Pompey's army being
twice the size of Caesar's one would assume he could

Marcus Crassus : Contribution To The Fall Of The Roman...
Marcus Crassus was a Roman politician who contributed to the fall of the Roman Republic. In his beginnings, he was raised in a small house with six
other people. Marrying a widowed woman he would have two children and live a well–ordered life. He was a man with vast wealth and sharp political
skills. His early success started when he allied himself with Lucius Cornelius Sulla against Marius. Following his victories, he would have a fall in
with the law before the Spartacus Rebellion. Then he would take his rightful place as a senator and a member of the First Triumvirate. Many people
don't know the name Crassus but his legacy will live on in the history books. Crassus Research Paper Marcus Licinius Crassus was born in 115 BC in
the Roman Republic. His father Publius Licinius Crassus was a commander in Iberia and consul in 97 BC. When growing up Crassus reared in a
small house with two brothers and his parents. While his parents were alive his brothers got married so they all shared the same table. This is seen to
be the main reason why Crassus was temperate and moderate in his manner in life. According to Plutarch (1916),
"The Romans, it is true, say that the many virtues of Crassus were obscured by his sole vice of avarice; and it is likely that the one vice which
became stronger than all the others in him weakened the rest" (p. 317).
This explains that Crassus's mortality was shadowed by a sole vice of greed and it weakened the rest of his mortalities. In his

The Assassination of Julius Caesar
On the Ides of March one of the most famous assassinations took place; the assassination of the leader of the Roman republic, Julius Caesar. The
death of Julius Caesar allowed Gaius Julius Octavius who would later be given the title Augustus by the senate, to enter the political realm of Rome by
accepting his inherited power. But before Augustus could gain any control in Rome he had to defeat his opposition, Mark Antony who also sought to
gain control of Rome at the time. Augustus managed to defeat Antony during the Final War of the Roman Republic. As the wars between
potential leaders continued the people of Rome grew tired of the bloodshed and political uncertainty, so they began to yearn for some stability in
Rome. The lust for political steadiness from the citizens and senate of Rome allowed Augustus to eventually force himself into power and become
known as the first Emperor of Rome. Augustus was aware that the residents of Rome had just experienced the fall of many political figures and
were skeptical and wary of his rule so he needed to legitimize his position and to do so he used portraiture. He employed art as a way portray his power
and to push political messages such as the message of peace and old Roman traditions in order to appease the people, while solidifying his position as
ruler.
Once emperor, Augustus used structures, statues and other forms of artwork to convey himself as powerful. Similar to today's leaders, emperors were
not frequently seen by the

Claire Forden. Magistra Hickey-Behan. Latin I 3Rd Period.
Claire Forden
Magistra Hickey–Behan
Latin I 3rd period
April 23, 2017
Pompey the Great
Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, more commonly known as Pompey the Great, was many things. He was part of the first triumvirate with Caesar and
Crassus which ended with Crassus and Pompey's death. He got rid of the mediterranean pirates in three months without major bloodshed. Delivering
20,000 captives to Rome, sparing most of them giving them jobs in farming. He also acquired the nickname Pompey the Great in Sulla's second civil
war as his general. In 77 B.C.E he was sent to be pro consul to assist with the struggle against Sertorius in Spain. Pompey the Great was part of the first
triumvirate, he got rid of the Mediterranean pirates, and had many military ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Domitius had brought his army upon Pompey but their was a ravine between them. The ravine was hard to cross, and at the time there was a heavy
storm pouring down rain and blowing big gusts of wind. Domitius was ready to retreat but Pompey was waiting for this moment. With his troops he
quickly advanced and crossed the abyss, the enemy was in a state of great confusion and disorder and not all of them were present. The rain had made
it hard to see and the battle was a flurry, many were fighting against their own army, Pompey himself narrowly escaped death. Pompey's troops won the
battle and his troops gave him the title imperator meaning commander or a victorious general. Pompy said he could not accept the title with some of
the enemy camp still standing, and if they wish to make him worthy of honor they must demolish the enemy camp. So they assaulted the adversary and
thereafter Domitius perished at the hands of Pompey.
Taking advantage of his good fortune, he decided to invade Numidia in Africa. He traveled throughout the country conquering all whom he came
across, and revived the fear in barbarians of Roman power, which had dissipated almost entirely. Legend says that it took him only forty days to
overthrow his enemies, subdue Africa, and settle the affairs of African kings. It was after this when he returned

Relationship Between The And The Senate
Relationship with the Senate:
At this point, Octavius practically ruled all of Rome and its assets with the support of his military. Octavius now had only to gain the affection and trust
of the people, so he masked his great power by establishing a new system of government while maintaining Roman traditions and befriending the
Senate. On the other hand, the Senate had grown accustomed to, and benefited from, having Octavius in command, and the fact that the government
system of the old Republic had crumbled in failure gave the Senate a reason to keep Octavius in office.
Octavius knew that his rise to absolute power would be delivered to him gradually and that, in order to fully and effectively implement his complex
plans into Roman society, a continuous office as Proconsul would not be sufficient. With this in mind, Octavius proceeded methodically and with
tact. He justified any of his actions by claiming that it was for the "greater good of the Republic of Rome" so that no one would see fit to usurp his
power, whether that be by legal means or by assassination. He promised that he would bring back the customs of Rome's ancestors, and in January 27
B.C., he announced that he would be returning humbly his power over Rome back to the Senate and the people of Rome. Although he had just
sacrificed a significant amount of power, Augustus knew that he still had the back–up support of soldiers and war veterans if the situation turned dire.
In response, the Senate

Examples Of Assertiveness In Julius Caesar
Assertiveness
William Shakespeare wrote the Tragedy of Julius Caesar where he tells the story of: The ides of March and the downfall of Julius Caesar, Marcus
Brutus, and Gaius Cassius.
Marcus Brutus is known for participating in the assassination against Julius Caesar in the play: The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. At the time, Rome was led
by the mighty tyrant Julius Caesar, who had returned victorious from battle against Pompey. Such people as Marcus Brutus andGaius Cassius Longinus
were afraid that Caesar would not see fit as the crown of Rome and struck him from his life. Caesar's right hand, Marc Antony stood up for Caesar's
beliefs and hunted the conspirators down, and returned the favor.
In The Tragedy of Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare, Marcus Brutus is an example of assertiveness where he rather would choose his 0wn
opinions over his fellow conspirators.
Throughout the text, there are different areas where assertiveness is being used. (62 –65, I, I, 827)
"Into what dangers would you lead me, Cassius, That you would have me seek into myself for that which is not in me" In the translation of modern
language, this quote would be translated into: What kind of danger could you lead me into Cassius? That I don't already have inside me or around me.
Brutus is telling Cassius, during the scenario. Caesar has risen to power, and Cassius fears that this power will lead to the downfall of Rome, therefor
an assassination attempt must be made.Brutus is being

Gnaeus Pompey and the fall of the Roman Republic Essay
Events which stretch as far back as the reforms of the Gracchi brothers' meant that the Rome was facing a Republic that was already deteriorating
before Pompey had stepped into power. While Pompey's quest for power was harmful, many other factors were also baleful to the Republic, and
were hence instrumental in its decline. Gnaeus Pompeius's measures to gain power were harmful because it was primarily a paradox to the principles
of being part of a Republic with all its notions of shared and short power. The fundamental reason why there were other reasons for the decline of the
system are that the military power was given to him, the already weak Senate, and the fact that Pompey was not the only player in the breakdown of the
Republic due ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Aside from this, it also hints at the Senate's role in the harm due to its own weakness and lack of handle on the situation by allowing for Pompey to
undergo the triumph.
Though Pompey sought power by manipulating the political system to his own advantage, the fact that the Senate was already weak and hence gave
him this power.This shows that although Pompey's actions were detrimental to the fall of the Republic, he was not the sole contributor. Pompey was
both underage and had held none of the required offices, yet the Senate passed decrees exempting him from these traditional prerequisites, thus
allowing for him to be joint consul with Crassus in 70 BC. According to Cicero, "absolute power" was what he had sought, and thus this ambition had
nothing to do with "the happiness and honour of the community." This reveals a callously ruthless dimension to Pompey, in that he would undertake
any measure to achieve his own goals. However, it should also be noted that Cicero's interest areas are sometimes narrow and deliberately, or
accidentally selective. By reaching the top without any previously held positions of consequence, Pompey the Great had manipulated the political
system to his own advantage. Thus, by doing so he undermined the Senate, reiterating its insignificance and weakness.
While Pompey's political alliances were harmful to the Republican system, he evidently wasn't the only player in

The Silk Road Essay
The Silk Road was an elaborate and ever–changing network of overland trade routes that linked China, India, and western Eurasia for thousands of
years. The trade route was key to the diffusion and transportation of technology, goods, religions, and language throughout Asia, the Mediterranean,
Africa and southern Europe. As the most durable links between major population centers in the largest landmass on earth, the Silk Road was one of the
most important of all long–distance trade routes in human history. Study of the Silk Road has made it apparent that Eurasian history consisted of more
than the separate histories of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Europe, India, Southeast Asia, and China. On the contrary, for several thousand years, the Silk Roads
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moving with their herds and spending much of their time on horseback, pastoralists were much more mobile than farmers and reigned over large
areas. But it was difficult for them to grow and store crops, so most traded with farming communities at the edge of their grazing lands. The pastoralists
would exchange livestock products for agricultural produce and manufactured goods. This way, pastoralists gradually created far–reaching systems of
trade that from Siberia to India and from China to the Mediterranean. With the spread of pastoralism, Inner Eurasia now had channels of
communication across Eurasia. Early evidence of trade along the Silk Roads comes from the so–called Oxus civilization, a group of fortified farming
and trading cities built about 4,000 years ago on the borders between modern Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Archaeologists have found
Chinese silks and goods from India and Mesopotamia, and pottery and ornaments from Inner Eurasia. The archaeological evidence suggests a pattern of
cooperation between urban merchants and pastoralists. Over time, sophisticated systems of trade emerged that was organized in caravans sometimes
with hundreds of individuals, often financed by urban merchants, and supplied with manufactured goods and the regions specialties. At least by the
first millennium BCE, caravans could stop at special rest stops known as

The Silk Road Essay
The Silk Road was an intricate and evolving network of overland trade routes that linked China, India, and western Eurasia for centuries. The trade
route was key to the diffusion and transportation of technology, goods, religions, and language throughout Asia, the Mediterranean, Africa and southern
Europe. As the strongest link between major population centers in the largest landmass on earth, the Silk Road was one of the most important of all
long–distance trade routes in human history.
Study of the Silk Road has made it obvious that Eurasian history was more than isolated histories of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Europe, India, Southeast
Asia, and China. In reality, for several thousand years, the Silk Road ensured that these regions were never ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But it was difficult for them to grow and store crops, so most traded with farming communities at the edge of their grazing lands. The pastoralists
would exchange livestock products for agricultural produce and manufactured goods. This way, pastoralists gradually created far–reaching systems of
trade that from Siberia to India and from China to the Mediterranean. With the spread of pastoralism, Inner Eurasia now had channels of
communication across Eurasia.
Early evidence of trade along the Silk Roads comes from the so–called Oxus civilization, a group of fortified farming and trading cities built about 4,000
years ago on the borders between modern Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Archaeologists have found Chinese silks and goods from India
and Mesopotamia, and pottery and ornaments from Inner Eurasia. The archaeological evidence leans toward the idea of cooperation between urban
merchants and pastoralists. Over time, sophisticated systems of trade emerged that was organized in caravans sometimes with hundreds of individuals,
often financed by urban merchants, and supplied with manufactured goods and the region's specialties. At least by the first millennium BCE, caravans
could stop at special rest stops known as caravansaries founded by local rulers or merchants. Caravansaries offered bunks, repair workshops, food, and
information

Julius Caesar in the Roman Empire
Gaius Cassius Longinus, Marcus Junius Brutus, and Marcus Antonius were three key factors during the time of Julius Caesar in the Roman Empire.
Cassius and Brutus were the two main conspirators against Caesar, and Brutus was even the one who assassinated him. Unlike the two of them,
Marcus Antonius, Mark Antony, was one of Caesar's right hand men and won many battles for him, including one against Cassius. While Brutus and
Cassius were at the head of the freight train that was headed for Caesar, Antony stood firm, however helpless it seemed, with Caesar until they failed
on March 15, 44 BC when Caesar was killed.
The exact date of the birth of Gaius Cassius Longinus is unknown, but it was before 85 BC, so little is known of his early life. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Since Brutus' mother was now Caesar's lover, he was released from captivity and became a member of the senior priesthood of the pontifices. From
47 to 45, he governed Cisalpine Gaul (now northern Italy) for Caesar (biographybase.com). Caesar appointed him as praetor of the city along with
Gaius Cassius Longinus and named, in advance, them as consuls of 41. After Cato died in 46, Brutus married Porcia, Cato's daughter.
For all of Brutus' life, he felt optimistic about Caesar's plans but was flabbergasted when "Caesar made himself perpetual dictator and was deified" as
best stated by britannica.com. Always conscious of his descent from Lucius Junius Brutus, who was said to have driven the Etruscan kings from Rome,
Brutus joined Cassius and other leading senators in the plot that led to the assassination of Julius Caesar on March 15, 44 BC (britannica.com). Brutus
and Cassius were then forced to leave Rome by the people but remained in Italy until Mark Antony kicked the out. The two traveled to Greece where
they were assigned provinces in the east by the senate. Slowly they took over all of the land east of Rome (that means the armies and the treasuries).
Brutus took all of the wealth he had and turned it into Roman gold/silver coins which he imprinted his face on. In the latter half of 42 BC, Brutus and
Cassius fought Mark Antony and Octavian (later emperor Augustus) in two battles near Philippi, Greece. Cassius had his freedman kill

Essay Armor of Ancient Rome
Armor of Ancient Rome Ancient Rome expended a great deal of economic resources and effort upon conquest and expansion through military means.
The role of armor was fundamental in this expansion as it played a significant role in the success of the Roman armies on the battlefield. There were
three common requirements for armor construction throughout its history: The first was that armor had to be flexible enough to allow the wearer
freedom of movement; second, it also had to be lightweight enough to be worn without tiring the wearer while providing protection against opponents'
weapons; and third, armor had to be cost effective. These three aspects influenced the evolution of Roman cuirass (lorica) design throughout Rome's...
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Further reorganization occurred after the civil war of A.D.69, when the victorious Flavian dynasty dispersed disloyal units. As the Empire's expansion
slowed, permanent borders were established. Auxiliaries patrolled the borders and legionnaires were stationed within the frontiers to act as a strategic
reserve and intimidate potentially rebellious provinces. The army can be divided into two distinct parts: the legion and the auxiliary ( auxilia), with a
marked social division existing between the two. Only Roman citizens could become legionnaires, while auxilia were composed of non citizens
recruited from Rome's client states and tribes. These legions were supported by the non citizen auxilia consisting of infantry cohorts and cavalry (alae).
A legion consisted of around 5,000 men which were mostly heavy foot soldiers. However, it is only possible to attempt a rough estimate of the men
who constituted a legion. It has been estimated that the total number of Roman troops, including legions and auxilia, numbered more than 300,000
during the first century A.D. It has also been assumed that the legionary and auxiliary troops were equipped differently. This notion is based on
evidence from a single source, Trajan's column, which shows clear distinctions between legionary and auxiliary equipment. The early view put forward
by historians such as Webster was that the equipment issued to legionnaires was remarkably uniform throughout the

Rhyton
Another Rhyton was also discovered in Russia from Central Asia. Its forepart is shaped like a wildcat or lynx. The spout for pouring is located in
the chest of the animal. The piece of artwork is called the Turkemenian Wine Horn. It is also a symbol of the Greek wine god Dionysus, whose cult
spread eastwards with the conquests of Alexander the Great. Dionysus roman name was Bacchus. Commemoration/celebration of him during the
ancient times was used as a theatre performance. Due to festivities of wine which was held twice a year winter and spring, Christians made them
Christmas and Easter.
According to the Minoan civilization, they used Rhyton to hold wine or possibly the blood of a sacrificed bull in religious ceremonies. The word
Rhyton comes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also in the article "Ancient Art," at the kingdom of Parthia existed in time paralleled with the golden age of Rome (2nd century B.C. – 2nd Century
A.D.) in the west and Han period (206 B.C. – 220 middle of 3rd century B.C. Their country extended from Central Asia through part of Afghanistan,
Iran, Iraq and Syria developing art rich in elements from various cultural trends. They fought against Rome, but finally were overthrown by Persian
dynasty of the Sasanides. One of the distinctive features in art of Persia of the Sasanides is iconography of royal image. Iconography has a lot of
meanings. First it literally means a symbolic representation, especially the conventional meanings attached to an image or images. It is a subject matter
in the visual arts, especially with reference to the conventions regarding the treatment of a subject in artistic representation. Lastly, it is the study or
analysis of subject matter and its meaning in the visual arts. Iconography has influence on designing of architectural ornament as well as design of
textiles up to times of Islam that overthrew rules of the Sasanides.
According to the Parthian Rhytons from Veliran, excavations at a Parthian cemetery produced three different burial traditions and grave types: a
hypogeum, a jar burial and a stone–lined tomb. A hypogeum, cut into natural deposits, was the most important Parthian find from the site. Amongst the
most characteristic objects from this tomb were four attractive Rhytons: three in the shape of a goat/ibex and one in the shape of a human leg with

Marcus Caesar Dbq
Rome, a vast empire that could not control itself, due to how much it had grown, was in a dire need for someone to rule it. Three powerful men
would rise to the occasion and answer the call. Everybody thought that the split of power was going to work out, but what they didn't know was it
would lead to a civil war. "An unstable Republic and a near civil war brought three men to set aside their differences and even contempt for one
another to join forces and dominate the government of Rome, even controlling elections, for nearly a decade," (First 1). First we'll look into the men in
the trimunative, then the fight for power, and finally the financial status of the Empire. Three men were searching for power: these men's past lives,
previous ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Caesar heard the news in Ravenna, and knew that he had to make a choice between prosecution and rebellion; preferring the dignity of war over the
humiliation of a process, Caesar chose to rebel, quoting his favorite poet Menander, "the die is cast."In the night of 10/11 January, the Thirteenth legion
advanced to Rimini, where he could control the passes across the Apennines. In doing so, he crossed the river Rubico, thereby invading Italy and
provoking the Second Civil War. However, it turned out that the Senate had made a disastrous mistake. It had believed that the issue was between a
rebel and the legitimate rulers, and it had expected that the towns of Italy would send troops in defense of the authority of the Senate and the Roman
People's liberties. But Italy was skeptical about its champions, and showed little enthusiasm to defend the senatorial constitution," (Gaius

The Evil Characters Of Macbeth And Julius Caesar
Shakespeare writes in many unique styles to express different issues. he uses evil characters to illustrate the depravity in his writing, and how evil
characters affect the outcome of the play Shakespeare's evil writing is mostly prominently evident in his plays, Macbeth and Julius Caesar ..
Shakespeare expresses the evil characteristics of Macbeth and Julius Caesar by showing their greed, ambition, and their hubris characters
In the plays, Macbeth and Cassius are expressed as greedy people. In both ways, Macbeth, and Cassius use weapons and other people get to their
goals. Macbeth does whatever is in his mind and doesn't consider the outcome. "No son of mine succeeding if't be so, for Banquo's issue have I filled
my mind" (Macbeth, III, ii, 65–67). Macbeth in This quote is expressing how he has no son and how he murdering the king means that after he dies
the new king will become Banquo's son. Macbeth is greatly upset by this as he wants the throne to stay within his family due to his lust for power. In
the same manner, Cassius that relates to Macbeth, "Alas, it cried, 'give me some drink, titanium', as a sick girt ye Gods, it doth amaze me a man of
such feeble temper should so get the start of the majestic world and bear the palm alone" (Julius Caesar, I, ii, 128–132). Cassius dislikes Caesar because
of his reactions and what is being done to the city. Later, Caesar began acting weird by whining and asking the people to provide him a drink.
Cassius asked how that man be our king. "A strong wish to have more money, things, or power than you need" ("Ambitions"). This quote relates to
both Macbeth and Cassius because it is saying when people get what they want and succeed with it they always want more so they can continue to do
what they were doing. In This case, both Macbeth and Cassius have a similar trait among them since they both are trying to become the bigger person
in their countries, while by trying to get rid of the current people that are in their way. continuing, ambition further exhibits Macbeth and Cassius evil
character, which leads them to power. They both are self–obsessed with themselves that they do whatever it takes to make themselves happy. For
example, "for mine own good all causes shall

Short Story
"Say you are happy to have me as a husband," Draconis whispered heedlessly, sounding desperate. Perhaps even begging. He was. "I am happy,"
Hermione responded without hesitation. She meant it. It wasn't just her magic reaching out to his. Her whole body was throbbing, growing in
intensity from a fluttering warmth behind her navel. "Gods, Draco, I want you." The senator growled. It was a primal sound vibrating from his chest,
held low in the deep of his throat. Animalistic. Predatory. Totally unlike what should come from a civilized citizen of Rome. Before she could shudder
in fear, he ripped off her tunic in one swift movement and brought his mouth to the base of her neck, the motion fast enough to blur. After a surprised
gasp, she... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She moaned again. He squeezed the mound and then lightly flicked the nipple. She gasped beneath his mouth, and she could feel him smiling.
Hermione ran her nails down his back. By the Gods, she was perfect. He moaned appreciatively and trailed kisses from her neck to her chest. He
continued to do even more delicious things with his tongue and teeth. After she felt it could get no more mind–blowing, he then pressed a hungry kiss
between her legs, his breath warm and wet near her swollen bud. His tongue peeked out for a taste. She gripped his hair tightly, her hands fisting
over his head. He ran a finger along her folds, and then gently prodded at her entrance. She moaned when he went deeper, causing a satisfied grin to
appear on his already smirking face. A long elegant finger slide inside easily, and he began pistoning it gently in and out, speeding up and carefully
adding a second when he could tell she wanted more. The stretching sensation created a fullness within that Hermione found addicting. Her body felt
like it was warming up slowly, and a bright fire was spreading through her. "Let go, Hermione," he murmured, torturing her skillfully with his tongue
and fingers. Within a minute, she did just as he commanded. Her eyes rolled back and her vision blurred into a universe of hot white dots. He hungrily
lapped at her juices. Her mind ceased functioning with absolute ecstasy. She hazily murmured his name and slowly

Geography Of Strabo
The Geography of Strabo (50 B.C. – 21 A.D.) is another source of the Arsacids' history within which Strabo mentions matters of Arsacids' kingdom
and their reigns in the fifteenth and sixteenth books (Selections from Strabo) (Tozer 1893, 41). Also, Strabo in his writings had used the book of
"Parthica" which was written by Apollodorus ( is currently unavailable) (Strabo 1960–1969, 5). The information furnished by Plutarch in his "Lives"
especially those of Crassus and Antony, was based on the main sources. He presented his book as an important description of Roman battles, especially,
the battle of Carrhae. This information provides the most extensively connected narratives on Arsacid history (Plutarch 1841, 30). In addition to these
three

The Death Of Julius Caesar
Due to the writing and works of William Shakespeare, the death of Julius Caesar became the most famous assassination in history. The death of Julius
Caesar–is placed in full context of Rome's civil wars by eminent historian Barry Strauss. Moreover, the assassination itself was a complexly layered
plan that was a direct result of Caesar's power and leadership choices leading up to the fateful day. These key events leading up to the Ides of
March–and the aftermath that followed–are important to the immense effect Caesar's death had on Rome, and the subsequent historical impact of
Rome's demise. In the height of Rome Caesar formed a political alliance with Pompey that dominated Roman politics. Furthermore, Caesar's victories
in the Gallic War and success of extending Roman territories granted him ample military capacity. Therefore putting him in an unrivalled position of
power and influence. After assuming control of government, Caesar began a program of social and governmental reforms. Caesar gave Rome
renewed hope and was a leader to the middle and poor classes of ancient Rome. Although, many historians still debate the details of the highly
orchestrated murder, it is universally apparent that many were involved in planning and carrying out the act. The intricate assassination was not the
work of just one man or women, but a collection of senators who conspired together for what they believed "the greater good." For the senators feared
that Caesar, with his new found power,

Cultural Contact's Role In Warfare
What role did cultural contact play in the development of warfare and how has it changed the nature of warfare for the communities involved? Cultural
contact in history has always played a large role in introducing religion, technology and social change. Warfare in particular is an area where contact
between different cultures has led to rapid changes in the understanding and conduct of war. Changes that take place as a result of contact are often
unprecedented and subtle to the nations involved. The past can show that the influence cultural contact had on developing warfare and how the effect
was not necessarily unidirectional. Alexander's campaign across the ancient world is filled with examples of army diversity as a result of cultural ...
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The Punic Wars introduced Rome to the importance of naval dominance and to mercenary armies. Rome had struggled in naval conflicts and it was
not there was a demand to defeat the Carthaginian at sea and this was reflected in better trained sailors and technology such as the grappling engine.
The use of the corvus, an assault bridge used on Roman ship which anchored forced boarding onto enemy ships is an example of the technological
advancements that was introduced. The effect the corvus had on Roman naval tactics was profound as it allowed the early Roman marines to fight in
close combat and compete on a level ground against strong naval opponents. This was a vital for the Romans in a time when their mastery of infantry
warfare was more advanced than their naval tactics during the conflict. In addition this conflict as a form of cultural contact made the Roman accept
the need to expand their navy, and this was achieved within two months as mass production led to the commission of over a hundred warships to be
constructed within that timeframe. As explored earlier with the Greeks, the Romans adopted new technology and tactics for conducting

Essay on Biography of Julius Caesar
Biography of Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar was a strong leader for the Romans who changed the course of the history of the Greco – Roman world decisively and irreversibly. With
his courage and strength he created a strong empire. What happened during his early political career? How did he become such a strong dictator of
the Roman Empire? What events led up to the making of the first triumvirate? How did he rise over the other two in the triumvirate and why did he
choose to take over? What happened during his reign as dictator of Rome? What events led up to the assassination of Caesar? What happened after he
was killed? Caesar was a major part of the Roman Empire because of his strength and his strong war strategies. Julius Caesar was a ... Show more
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Pompey and Crassus were consuls in 70 BC and had rescinded the most offensively reactionary measures of Sulla's legislation. During Pompey's
absence from 67 to 62 BC during his campaigns against the Mediterranean pirates, Mithridates, and Crassus, his jealous rival. Caesar married Ponpeia
after Cornelia's death and was appointed aedile in 65 BC As aedile, Caesar returned to Marius' trophies to their former place of honor in the Capitol,
thus laying claim to leadership of the populares. When Caesar was a praetor, he supported a tribune who wanted Pompey recalled to restore order
in Rome. As a result, Caesar was suspended from office for a period and antagonized Catulus. Before leaving Rome to govern Further Spain for a
year, Caesar divorced his wife Pompeia because of the allegation that she had been implicated in the offense of Publius Clodius. The latter was then
awaiting trial for breaking into Caesar's house the previous December disguised as a woman at the festival of the Bona Dea, which no man is
allowed to attend. After his return from a successful year administrating Spain Caesar was elected consul for 59 BC through political alliance with
Pompey and Crassus . This alliance was called the first triumvirate. Caesar's purpose was to gain a big military command. Pompey for his part sought
the ratification of his Eastern settlement and land allotments for his discharged troops. Crassus sought a revision of the contract for collecting taxes in
the province of

The Discipline Of Military History
Military history is a humanities discipline within the scope of general historical recording of armed conflict in the history of humanity, and its impact
on the societies, their cultures, economies and changing intra and international relationships.
Professional historians normally focus on military affairs that had a major impact on the societies involved as well as the aftermath of conflicts, while
amateur historians and hobbyists often take a larger interest in the details of battles, equipment and uniforms in use. The essential subjects of military
history study are the causes of war, the social and cultural foundations, military doctrine on each side, the logistics, leadership, technology, strategy, and
tactics used, and how these changed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When certifying military history instructors the Combat Studies Institute deemphasizes rote detail memorization and focuses on themes and context in
relation to current and future conflict, using the motto "Past is Prologue."
The discipline of military history is dynamic, changing with development as much of the subject area as the societies and organisations that make use
of it. The dynamic nature of the discipline of military history is largely related to the rapidity of change the military forces, and the art and science of
managing them, as well as the frenetic pace of technological development that had taken place during the period known as the Industrial Revolution,
and more recently in the nuclear and information ages.
An important recent concept is the Revolution in Military Affairs which attempts to explain how warfare has been shaped by emerging technologies,
such as gunpowder. It highlights the short outbursts of rapid change followed by periods of relative

Julius Caesar Leadership Analysis
In Shakespeare's play, Caesar is a highly respected man that holds great power, and as he gains more power there are men who stand to oppose
him. This is how Caesar shows so many good qualities of leadership, like keeping an open ear to the people, being observant and proud, as well as
being honest. The attributes that Caesar shows has gained him the trust of all of the people, already proivng just how worthy he is to be called the
greatest authority figure in Shakespeare's drama The Tradgedy of Julius Caesar.
One of the first things to recognize about Caesar is how he listens to what others have to say, which is a very important trait to find in a leader. For
example, when he is walking through the streets and a man calls for him, Caesar says,"Who is it in the press that calls on me?/ I hear a togue shriller
than all the music/ Cry "Caesar!" Speak. Caesar is turned to hearВЁ(I.ii.15–17), and when Calpurnia, his wife, tells him that he should stay home
because of a frightening dream he eventually gives in and tells Decius why he will not go to the Senate, ВЁThe cause is in my will: I will not come.
/ That is enough to satisfy the Senate;/ But for your private satisfaction,/ Because I love you, I will let you know./ Calpurnia here, my wife, stays me at
homeВЁ(II.ii.71–75). Although he was reluctant at first to his wife's suspicions, after hearing her out Caesar decided to yield to Calpurnia's wishes.
This proves that Caesar does indeed listen to those around him, and considers what they have to say. Caesar also proves to be very observant later in
the story. He goes on to say,ВЁYond Cassius has a lean and hungry look/ He thinks too much, such men are dangerousВЁ(I.ii.194
–195). He tells Antony
how dangerous Cassius is, and then goes into depth on why heВґs so suspicious. ВЁHe reads much,/ He is a great observer, and he looks/ Quite
through the deeds of men...Seldom he smiles, and smiles in such a sort/As if he mocked himself and scorned his spirit...Such men as he be never at
heartВґs ease/ Whiles they behold a greater than themselves,/ And therefore are they very dangerous.ВЁ(I.ii.201–210). Caesar is right to be cautious,
since Cassius and several others wind up being his killers. For Caesar to have been wary of

Julius Caesar Unification
Subsequently, Julius Caesar himself had hardly recorded history of forcing himself or his army upon others. In actuality, much of the trouble led to
him, and many of his offerings were for signs of peacefulness and meant for unification; it was Julius who knew how to get rid of a threat if he
were to be opposed on any front. Julius's most famous unification would be the First Triumvirate, built for power, but soon falling due to death with
an unrelated cause, and jealousy. "Caesar's daughter died, and soon after did Crassus in the Battle of Carrhae. Pompey grew frightened of Caesar's
power and grew jealous, thus Pompey began to work with the senate to combat him." (Funk & Wagnalls 1). These all contributed towards a person of
great leadership,

Marcus Linius Crassus
The Life of Marcus Linius Crassus
Marcus Linius Crassus was one of the most rich and powerful Romans during his time. He was rich with both money and slaves, but mostly in
victories, for he won many battles as a general whilst working for Sulla. This man made a phenomenal impact on the lives of many Romans, including
his colleagues Gaius Julius Caesar and Gnaeus Pompey, but he also destroyed many as well. In the year of 115 BC, Marcus was born, taking his place
in his miniscule house that already held two of his brothers, and their families, and both of his parents. Though born within a minute household, that did
not stop Crassus from doing great things, for when Crassus was in his late twenties, he and the majority of his family (including a man named Cinna),
stole Rome right out from under Sulla's supporters. During this massive ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The slave was instructed to leave the food and walk away without looking back. As a gift, Pracacius also sent Marcus two slave women. These
women were meant to run errands and accommodate to his "physical needs". A few months after, his good friend Cinna died. After this depressing
time, Crassus came out of hiding and gathered 2,500 men to fight in his army. When he successfully built this band of warriors, he joined Sulla, a
great general and statesman, fighting alongside him and earning a good reputation as he ruled with the man in 97 BCE. Together, Marcus and Sulla
did not rule over many, merely Iberia and Lusitania. Over time, Marcus received many accolades for his accompanying Sulla during Sulla's
campaigns in Italy, but, sadly, not long after, Marcus was knocked down by the man, due to his excessive greed and need to purchase land. Though
he was greedy, Crassus had no reason to be. He had other sources of income such as mines and slaves. (First he would buy the slaves, train them, and
then sell

Differences Between Julius Caesar And Cleopatra
I think that Caesar was a better leader than Cleopatra, because he was actually kinda already a leader to the people in Rome. Cleopatra did not
really lead anybody she was just a women who wanted power and to be on top. She wanted to rule everyone and from the story on actively learn it
seems like she did not care about anybody she just wanted to be a head of everything, and also have the throne. Cleopatra killed her brother and
sister just to make sure and guarantee that she becomes queen. In which seems not leadership nor good, in the end she also killed herself. Caesar
on the other hand fought for what he believed in and fought for the people, he went to war and was gone for years until he was finished with what
he had to get done. For example when Caesar came back to Rome after the whole fighting thing, he told the people that he did not wish to be king.
Before Caesar came back, Caesar told his friend to go to Rome and ask the people what they wanted in the film. In which made the people like
Caesar even more because he actually cared about his people in Rome, unlike the other senators. The other senators were different from Caesar
because they did not care what the people wanted in Rome nor did they bother to ask them, what they wanted. The other senators only cared about
royalty and getting what they wanted and what their children or significant other wanted. Cleopatra did have an army that set camp up outside of
Alexandria, all because she wanted sole leadership so

The Rise and Fall of Rome Essay
The rise and fall of one of the greatest empires known to man, the Roman republic, were caused by several key factors. Three of which were the
decline of monarchy within the empire, foreign conquests and expansion of the growing empire, and political battles between powerful officials. The
decline of monarchy which caused the rise of the republic was caused by the expulsion of the last Etruscan king. An ancient Roman tale tells of how
the last Etruscan king, Tarquinius Superbus, was driven from his thrown. The tale tells of how after his son, Sextus, raped a beautiful and virtuous
women, Lucretia. After she was raped she told her husband what had happened, after that she took her own life, rather than permit even force to excuse
for... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Censors were elected by the centuries. The censor's task was to enroll each citizen in their tribe, and place them in a social class century according to
their property assessment. In time the censors acquired the power to revise the list of senators according to their financial and moral worth. Soon the
judicial functions of censors were assigned to a praetor, an official first elected in 367 B.C by the centuries. Praetorships eventually increased in
number. The consuls inherited much of the king's responsibilities, but did not inherit his religious duties. His religious responsibilities passed to the
Rex sanctorum. But in time the Pontifex Maximus became the leading and most important religious official. The pontiffs were the caretakers of the
unwritten law. They were also in charge of the states religious equilibrium, with the help of the augers. The augers took the auspieces, watching the
heavens for signs from the gods that they favored an undertaking. The augers possessed considerable influence of the course of events in Rome,
because nothing of public importance was initiated without consulting the auspices. The priestly offices in ancient rome were highly sought after by
aristocrats because of their religious importance and political influence. As early as 501 B.C (according to tradition) the position of dictator was
introduced to rome. The dictator was appointed for a maximum of six months. The dictator is appointed in order to meet

Marc Antony And The Roman Empire
"Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears; I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him." These famous words were spoken by Marc Antony at
Julius Caesar's funeral as if to solidify that Caesar has passed and the Romans should look forward without nostalgia of gone–by emperors. Marc
Antony was a leader in the change of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire that spanned thousands of miles in its prime. Born in January of 83
BC to the gens Antonia, which was a prominent family with both patrician and plebeian ties. His father was Marcus Antonius Creticus, and his mother
was Julia Antonia, a distant relative to Julius Caesar. (Life of Antonius 4.263). Growing up Antony had many misfortunes with his father dying in Crete
in 71 BC, the man ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During this campaign through Egypt Antony came to meet Cleopatra for the first time, who at the time was the 14–year old daughter of Ptolemy XII,
it was believed that this meeting between the two is what sparked Antony's love and desire for Cleopatra. While Antony was fighting in the East
he was unaware of plot by the First Triumvirate to take control of the Republic. Once the Triumvirate had basically taken over the Republic for
themselves Antony came to serve under Julius Caesar in 54 BC. At this time Caesar was in the middle of his conquest of Gaul during the Gallic
Wars. While under Caesar Antony was noted as an excellent military leader and strategist, because of this Caesar took notice of Antony and the two
became friends until Caesar died. After years in the conquest of Gaul Antony was sent back to Rome to begin his political career as Quaestor in 52
BC as a member of the Populares faction. However, still assigned to Caesar's force Antony returned to Gaul to command the cavalry in the Battle of
Alesia against the Gallic High King Vercingetorix. Antony was eventually promoted to Legate by Caesar and given command of two legions. While all
of this was happening for Antony the alliance between

Who Was Responsible For The Destruction Of Julius Caesar...
Julius Caesar and the Destruction of the Roman Republic Many people over time have debated whether or not Julius Caesar was responsible for the
destruction of the Roman Republic. (3) Strangely, Julius Caesar was a favorite to many in Rome, even though he was a complicated man; this made
it difficult for people to truly decide whether or not his actions were the cause (Bedoyere 260). (5) Although this mystery of whose fault it truly was,
many have come to the same conclusion, it was Caesar, who was completely responsible. (2) Because of Julius Caesar's conflict with Pompey, his
emergence into dictatorship, and his assassination, one could believe that Julius was responsible for the destruction of the Roman Republic. (5) When
Julius was a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(5) When he first returned to home, he celebrated all of his victories in the civil wars (Witkoski). Caesar worked hard to give the people jobs, and
came up with countless ideas to "help" Rome. "Caesar had other ideas, and with the army behind him... took over jobs of consuls, and power as a
tribune. His actions went down badly with traditionalists, who thought he was trampling on Republican Systems," (Moody 260). While Caesar did
reject the crown three times, he even once said "The Republic is nothing, a mere name without body or form," (Duncan 245). But he still accepted
to be a dictator for at least ten years, and by 44 B.C. it was extended for life, which was much worse, (Lee 100) "He used his military strength and
popularity to gain this control in 44 B.C....Caesar's reign marked the end of the Roman Republic. (2) Instituting a number of reforms, from reducing
welfare to using a new calendar, though in theory he was balanced by the power of the senate, in reality he was becoming more like a dictator,"
(Stevenson). Not everyone agreed with his political acts, and many accused him of tyranny (Lee

The Evil, Manipulative Character of Cassius in Julius...
William Shakespeare the writer of Julius Caesar decided how Cassius would be portrayed in his play. In the play, Cassius has an evil, manipulative
personality; he can be your friend one minute then Cassius can be your worst enemy. Although Cassius was not popular with the people of Rome, he
became the ringleader of the conspirators.
Cassius displays the personality of a shrewd opportunist, who doesn't believe in the rule of one person. He believes there should be an elected set of
officials; to decide on the laws for Rome. He resides as a very close friend to Julius Caesar, before he became the Roman king. Cassius played a large
role in the assassination of Julius Caesar (I.ii.90–115). When Julius Caesar became godlike to the roman people, Cassius had much dislike toward
Julius. He thought that Julius appeared too incompetent and weak to the point of embarrassment, and wanted him removed from the throne. In the
play, Cassius manipulates Brutus into thinking that Caesar has become too powerful and that he needed to be killed. He also uses flattery to sway
Brutus into becoming part of his plan (I.ii.48–51). Cassius tricked Brutus into finally believing the Roman people wanted Caesar dead by forging letters
from the people that do convey these thoughts (I.iii.142–148). He also made Brutus feel like it was his civic duty to the Roman people. Cassius seems
like just a very evil or cruel man, he committed suicide once he thought that his best friend Brutus was killed in the

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