Native Americans During The 19Th Century

Native Americans During The 19th Century
For hundreds of years Native Americans inhabited North America. When Europeans came to the New World they did not understand these indigenous
people. For a long time these natives were seen as "savages" who had backwards traditions. After the American Revolution, Americans were pushing to
try to expand their territory. They wanted to expand westward towards the Pacific Ocean, to get closer to China. Native Americans we victims of
changing times in America. With Europeans and then Americans aggressively pushing west the Natives could not keep up with technologies of the
whites, they were also a victim to the white mans epidemics, horse and the environment. All of these factors caused the natives to be victims of
westward expansion in America. Native Americans play a large role in Western history of theUnited States but the power struggle that they faced with
white people forever changed their destiny. One agent of change that led the natives to be victims was disease. In the early 16th century, the natives did
not have any of the immunities that the Europeans developed over the course of the last 5000–10,000 years. Disease hit the natives like a brick wall.
Smallpox was the most contagious disease of all that hit tribes like the ones in the plains and Missouri Valley. This disease spread through the region
from the northern plains to the Red River in the 1770s. Others that tore through the native populations were Measles, cholera, malaria, and venereal
diseases. These
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Let No Man Steal My Thyme Analysis
Don't lose your virginity until marriage" we've all heard this phrase but have we really thought what are the impact it causes mentally not just
physically? The British and Irish folk song.Folk ballads are written anonymously songs passed down through generations before being written."Let no
man steal your thyme" The song was specifically written for young women to acknowledge the dangers in taking falls lovers. There are hidden
meaning behind the lyrics in the text. Such as, flower language being used, classic slang used in 16th Century (Later Stuart era 1660–1714) A woman's
point of view, and the time it was written. Notably, Let No Man Steal Your Thyme" is a warning to women to protect their virginity, the hidden meaning
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But, by this verse "For woman is a branchy tree, And man's a clinging vine" (11) signifies a women are Beauty, Strength, or Wisdom. While the
man is less. Only a piano is used in the song meaning the chorse is very soft the notes of the song are very low so that means it like a lullaby or a
story being told. If there wasting any instruments playing in the song i think the point of the song will still be relevant it would just be read as a
poem but its would still be effective. The most phrase that stands out in the song is "Let no man steal your thyme" not only is it the title of the song
but it was used four times to get the idea threw. And The verse "And every place your thyme was waste will all spread o're with rue..."(7) used four
time. Rue symbolises regret. Other phrases words are code for flowers in the song such as; "Red Rose" – romantic love, lust or "wanton passion",
"Violet" – modesty, "Willow" – sorrow and despair, "Oak" – strength, loyalty" Connolly, Shane. The Secret Language of Flowers notes Henceforth, The
title of the song gives a significant effect in the argument by just restating its argument Purpose of song symbolism to warn young people of the
dangers in taking false lovers the narrator tells her audience to keep their gardens fair and not to let anyone steal their thyme.Ethical wise if you lost
your virginity before marriage in the 16th century you were considered a whore. you weren't allowed to marry if you weren't a

Summary Of Imogen In Cloten
Imogen attaches her lover's personhood to his belongings, creating an association between one's clothing and moral character, demonstrating the
Elizabethan belief that materials were a physical manifestation of one's identity.
After Imogen's refusal, Cloten is spurred to action and desires revenge, mentioning Posthumus' clothing four times before the scene ends, emphasizing
how Cloten's materialistic mindset identifies Posthumus primarily through his clothing (II.III.156, 158, 172, 180). As the play progresses and Cloten
learns of Imogen's whereabouts, he acquires some of Posthumus' clothes and plans, "With that suit upon my / back, will I ravish her" (III.V.163–164).
By raping Imogen in Posthumus' clothes, Cloten seeks to revenge Imogen's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Imogen's alter ego of Fidele allows her to experience new privileges, such as joining a hunt, that she was previously denied because she was a woman,
demonstrating a clear discrimination based on gender (III.IV.107). Though crossdressing, Imogen is able to evade social gender rules, something which
those in power neither supported nor encouraged (Baker 313).
Imogen's maintains her disguise until the final scene when she pressures Iachimo into confessing his trickery. Because he doesn't recognize Imogen,
Iachimo admits he tricked Posthumus into thinking Imogen was unfaithful so he could win the ring. Outraged, Posthumus hits Fidele, thinking he
played a role in Imogen's demise (V.V.268). Imogen's outfit that initially equated her with the other men in the play's patriarchal society now
negatively affects her by making it acceptable for her to be hit. She immediately discards the identity of Fidele and reverts back to a 'woman's place' in
society as a "virtuous daughter" and "most constant wife" (V.V.542
–546). Despite the freedom Imogen finds through her male disguise, the scene uses
her re–domestication to remind the audience of the early modern belief that women's submission and obedience to their husbands and fathers was
considered best for society.
Furthermore, Cymbeline not only uses

Essay On Courtesan
The difference between a prostitute and a courtesan is clearly explained by the University of the Chicago who edited the Selected Poems and Letters of
Veronica Franco. It stated that the most neutral word in mid–sixteenth–century Italy for a woman who made her living by selling her sexual services
was meretrice, for which an English equivalent would be "prostitute."A word used to insult such women, because it described the poorest class and
most morally condemned category of a sex worker, was puttana, in English, "whore". Cortigiana–"courtesan"–had a different meaning. It was derived
from cortigiano, meaning a man who served at court, so it had connotations of splendour and technical or, at least, bureaucratic expertise. The addition
of onesta ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Being a successful courtesan meant independence, avoidance of financial and social subordination within the traditional patriarchal family structure. It
also meant substantial income for the maintenance of a comfortable, well–equipped household. And while as courtesans they may not have had the
social acceptability of "proper women," they were respected and conferred status as professionals in the business of pleasure. (Adler, 1988)
Florentino: Poetry over Family
Leona Florentino (1840–1884) left her son and her husband, who did not accept her writing, and preferred spending the rest of her life in solitude in
another area. Some have suspected that her son censured his mother's erotic and rebellious production, and, consequently, we can never be sure what
indeed she wrote. Leona Florentino was born in Vigan in an ilustrado family and she got a private education. She also wrote in Spanish, but mainly in
her mother tongue Ilocano. During the time of the 18th century, opportunities for women were not widely available or were only limited because of
the forces of a highly patriarchal society but despite this, one Filipino poetess and considered as "Mother of Philippine Women's Literature": Leona
Florentino, managed to educate herself. Her works contributed a lot to early movements of feminism which this

Women's Role Of Women In The 16th Century
Europeans during the 16th century were facing a time where men were the head of the household as well as heads of government. As a result, when
Elizabeth I became the queen of England, it was said that she was a queen in a world of kings. Prejudice against a female ruler began around Europe,
most likely because this was the first occurence of this. The negative attitudes of religious and reforming leaders influenced Elizabeth to show her
strength as well as gain power and respect for her entire country. All throughout Europe, every country was ruled by a man or group of men. Since this
was so common in each country, it became expected that a man would again come to rule England after Elizabeth's sister Mary. But instead, Elizabeth
became queen. Many church leaders spoke out against this change, for example Nicholas Heath, the archbishop of York. He said, "her Highness cannot
be supreme head of Christ's militant church" (Document 2). An archbishop being a high rank in the church system shows that Heath is experienced in
the church and probably shares the beliefs of the church. During the 16th century, the Catholic Church was facing a time of reform where many people
were looking to question some of the church's beliefs and traditions. As a result, most everyone in the Catholic Church was doing everything possible to
stop any further changes, in this case, prevent a female ruler from taking the throne. The overall idea that women should not hold any high ranking
positions,

Changes in the Social and Political Fabric in 16th and...
The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were periods of questioning and searching for truth. The practice of challenging traditional institutions,
including the Church, was revolutionary. Individuals began to use reason to guide their actions and opinions and realized the oppressive nature of the
Catholic monarchy. Individuals strove to act in their own best interest and in the name of what was true to them. The consensus was that society
would be better off with an economy that shifted away from agriculture, looked globally, and decreased monopolies and the importance of Guilds, as
economic opportunities would surface for all classes of men. This type of economy was only possible in light of religious reform, as religion was the ...
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These men were taxed, denied an education, and politically underrepresented. They received few benefits from their work and were ready to challenge
their subordinate role in society. Such individuals were attracted to rebellion against their Catholic oppressors and to Protestantism which advocated an
involved citizenry. In the Netherlands in 1566, Calvinists destroyed property owned by the Catholic Church in response to a permanent sales tax that
hurt many commoners and Philip II's attempts to crush heresy. Similarly, noblemen supported the rebellion against the Catholic monarchy, desiring
freedom from economic and political restraints (Spielvogel, 405). This was the beginning of a movement of religious partition and resulting
secularization, and it traversed all classes in nearly all European nations. Such secularization was necessary for the development of the emerging
economy.
The state became increasingly centralized. Small, religiously guided, regional governments decreased in importance. This was a necessary change for
the development of infrastructure such as currency, contracts, and general order which were integral to a nation's success in the new global economy
and could only be effective in the context of a centralized government. The building of roads and ships, establishing banks, and even creating currency
inevitably translated into

The Burgermeister's Daughter Essay
The Burgermeister's Daughter by Steven Ozment delivers an intriguing and detailed discussion of one woman's struggle over disputes of the social
prejudices and justice system of her hometown in 16th century Germany. While the life and times of the Burgermeister's daughter, Anna Buschler, is a
fundamental theme in the work, Ozment considers many other circumstantial aspects of German society which present the foundation through which
Anna's struggles are to be recognized. Ozment's intent in writing such a narrative was precisely recognized in the final chapter of the book, in which
the author focused in on a few elements which contributed to the greater picture he strived to offer.
Author Steven Ozment dives right into Anna Buschler's life, telling her story as the daughter of the mayor of Schwabisch Hall, described as far from
the classic 16th century German woman. Unmarried and nearing her thirties, Anna's notorious for her immodesty in dress. When her father discovered
that she was involved in secret affairs with each a local aristocrat and a soldier – risking both her own prominence and that of her entire family – he
drives her out of the house. Rather than imploring to return to his home, Anna sues her father for abandonment, demeaning him further by bringing the
But the way that he structured the book into different stories makes for easy, but dry, sometimes tedious reading. As the first chapter sets to lay out the
course of Anna's life and legal woes, and subsequent chapters go into greater detail about the legalese, contemporary events happening around the
Empire, and so on. Since the reader already knows the outcome, all the precise details seem to drag the narrative down, and Ozment's frequent skipping
around in time and location further makes it more difficult to follow Anna's

Essay on 16th Century English Weapons
16th Century English Weapons
During the 16th century England and much of Europe found itself in turmoil and in a constant state of war. The outbreak of fighting led to the
invention and development of new weapons and the growth and change of weapons of old. The development of weapons was a trademark of the time,
with a sort of renaissance, or re–birth in the field of weaponry (Miller). The technology was highlighted by the invention of gunpowder by the Chinese
which eventually found its way to England (Grolier). However, the use of gunpowder was minimal, because the use of had yet to be perfected. The
technological advancement most useful during the period was progression of the metals used in weaponry. The new forms could ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The missile weapons were fired or projected from a distance and were found effective due to their range, but accuracy became important and so did the
skill involved in warfare.
Handheld weapons represented a large portion of the weapons used during 16th Century warfare (Iannuzzo). Most commonly used was the sword.
Throughout the middles ages, metals were developed to withstand more abuse and thus became more effective (Iannuzzo). The metals now had to
strong enough to pierce through the newly developed armor of the time (Revell, "Armour"). The use of carbonized iron, which was heated,
beaten, and cut the process repeated many times over to form a solid and durable and lighter than previous swords. The double edge sword was
far superior in strength and sharpness of the other swords of the time (Grolier). The 16th century also brought forth the use of flamberge sword
that had an undulating cutting edge, that was believed to be able to easily pierce the armor, but was too awkward for battle and was eventually
abandoned. By this time the Great sword, sometimes over six feet in length, were being deployed. This sword was deadly only because of the pure
size of it. The great swords required enormous strength just to hold and even more to be effective. Eventually the great sword became too awkward
to use in battle just as the flamberge. These two inferior swords took a back seat to the smaller and more agile estoc sword. The estoc had a

The Military Revolution
Emmanuel Rodriguez
Prof. David Curley
Class History 306
7 February 2017
The Military Revolution
When it comes to technological advancement, perhaps one of the industries that have incurred the greatest and fastest growth is the military sector.
Albert Einstein once said, "I know not with what weapons WorldWar III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones."
(Einstein, 1949) The changes in warfare have become increasingly deadlier over the course of human development, and its advancements have
impacted humanity in profound and shocking ways. At one point it time, it was even customary to have drills involving the famous 'duck and cover'
method that was made famous over numerous bomb drills in the United States ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Between the 1500s and the 1700s, the frequency of war was at a shocking 95%, and in the 16th century there were only 10 years of peace (Roberts,
1956). War was every bit as part of European culture as the food they ate and the wine they drank; the desire for conquest and expansion, as well as
the spreading of religious dogma, frequently played a part in the political matters of the time.
According to Roberts, there were several key changes in warfare that occurred during this particular time–frame: key among these was a revolution in
war tactics, a marked growth in army size throughout the continent, the development of more complex strategies in order to maneuver these large
armies. As can be expected, larger armies required significantly more resources, such as food, ammunition, and medical supplies. Ultimately, this meant
that as more resources were pooled into their sustenance, there would be less and less available to civilians.
In Geoffrey Parker's The Military Revolution the author has a clear purpose: to understand how the West, comparatively small and lacking in natural
resources, was able to compensate for their shortcomings through the use of superior military power. The European supremacy stemmed from its
military revolution; Western powers simply overpowered the continents of Asia, Africa and America with sheer intelligence. No other region could
match the firearms Europe utilized;

The Rise Of The Gunpowder Empires
The rise of the west was a time in which European nations became more advanced and had an increase of power and dominance. Europe became a
dominant nation in the 16th Century while two large Gunpowder empires began to decline. These European nations dominated because they had
technological advancements. Some of which were gunpowder, cannons, and much more. Both the Ottoman and the Ming Empires rose to the top and
then declined after the European nations began to advance. The European Miracle was when the European nations began to advance in technology,
they expanded, and dominated the world. China was a very advanced civilization during the 16th Century and rose to power. They had large libraries,
conducted trade by using a series of canals. They also had large cities and used paper money for trade. The Chinese invented the gunpowder and the
magnetic compass. They had a very large navy with over 2,000 vessels in all sizes and they conducted overseas expeditions. After the last Chinese
expedition, there was an imperial edict that banned the construction of ships with more than two masts. Warships were put away and not maintained.
The navy was too costly and the Chinese wanted to spend their money defending their Northern frontiers from the Mongols. This did not require a large
navy. Paul Kennedy stated "that in this Restoration atmosphere, the all important officialdom was concerned to preserve and recapture the past, not to
create a brighter

Anne Bradstreet And The Puritan Values
Imagine being born in the 16th century where you have to act like someone you're not in order to fit in and having to be forced to believe in
religions you're not comfortable with. When you think about it, it happens to most people every day like today some kids are forced to follow what
their parents want not what they want and they grow up being someone their not. This causes you to be someone you're not and that could hurt you so
bad mentally and physically. Having to believe something that doesn't seem right to you. But for some people it doesn't bother them having to believe
certain religions because they are strong enough mentally and physically to get past it. That's what happened to certain people in the Puritan time
period like John proctor who crossed the ten commandments and had to get punished for it. People in that time period followed whatever everyone
else was doing because it followed what god wanted for them. So in Anne Bradstreet's poems and Arthur Miller play, both usedliterary devices to
portray their strength and flaws within the Puritan values. For Anne bradstreet "To my dear and loving husband" and "Upon the burning of our house"
both portrays strengths to the Puritan value. For example, "Thy love is such I can no way repay;The heavens reward thee manifold, I pray"
(Bradstreet's 9–10). The quote shows us inverted syntax by saying the heavens reward and personification by her saying i pray. With that you can see
that the Puritan value is devotion to

The Changing World of the 16th Century
During the 16th century the world was changing. People started to think differently. Governments started changing, people were migrating and people
were debating. In Europe there were many enlightened thinkers. Leonardo da Vinci finished Mona Lisa during the 16th century. Michelangelo carved
his Statue of David. (World History Timeline:16th Century ) Around the world people were starting to think for themselves. Unfortunately rulers,
kings, and leaders didn't like that. So, in order to prevent rebellious actions towards their governments, leaders created strict laws. Most people
didn't like that, so they chose to move. As they traveled, they carried ideas with them. Some Europeans were exploring the world. They reached land
that they haven't seen, and their ideas spread. (World History Timeline: 16th Century) People were influenced by others, religious ideas and
structures spread as well. Different types of religions were spreading. Religions such as Christianity, Buddhism, Islam and many more. A significant
religious leader in the Catholic Church was Pope Julius II. His papacy was marked by an active foreign policy, beautiful projects of buildings, and
patronage for the arts. (European Religion During the Early 16th Century) Europeans reached a foreign land, which is known as Indonesia. They
arrived in Indonesia in the beginning of the 16th century and discovered valuable goods in Maluku. They were determined to dominate the spice trade
at its sources in India and the

The Importance Of A Development As Helpful As Printing
A development as helpful as printing, in an Europe of expanding flourishing, promptly finds new clients. The primary Italian press is established in
1464, at the Benedictine town of Subiaco in the ecclesiastical states. Switzerland has a press in the next year. Printing starts in Venice, Paris and
Utrecht in 1470, in Spain and Hungary in 1473, in Bruges in 1474 (on a press claimed by Caxton, who moves it to London in 1476), in Sweden in
1483. Before the century 's over the art is settled in every European kingdom aside from Russia.
Amid the early decades, German printing prevails. A bigger number of books are distributed in Germany than anyplace else (by 1500 there are printers
in around sixty German towns); German printers convey the art mysteries abroad; and outside printers come to Germany to study as understudies. The
soonest typography is accordingly operating at a profit letter style of contemporary German original copies. Yet, before the century 's over the most
popular and persuasive printing is being done in Italy, with a relating change in appearance. From the 1470s, when Nicolas Jenson sets up a press there,
Venice turns into a city known for the nature of its printing. Its overwhelming nature in the field is solidly settled before the century 's over through the
productions of Aldus Manutius.
These Venetian printers create sort confronts more open and exquisite than the German dark letter custom, getting them from the scripts of the Italian
humanists. In doing

Analysis Of The Movie ' The Return Of Martin Guerre '
The role of Bertrande de Rols in the film "The Return of Martin Guerre" is a firm representation of the way in which women of this time subscribed
to clear gender norms. She was a dutiful wife who stayed behind while her husband went off to war and to travel the world. She was willing to submit
to him (or Arnaud, the man who ended up being an imposter of Martin) and settle down to have children upon his return. And when it came time to
stand up him, she played her role in that process too (even though it wasn't her husband for whom she was initially testifying). She doesn't have the
leeway in which to create her own path in life, and seems to constantly bend to the whim of others. Bertrande is the quintessential example of how
women throughout history kept the home fires burning while their men explored the world, and then were forced to take back whatever iterations of
their mates they got back (which in this case, wasn't even the same man).
To say that Bertrande was likely initially underwhelmed with Martin's return would be putting it mildly. Historians that have studied this period in
French history for women surmise that Bertrande likely enjoyed the freedom of making her own decisions (Lewis 65). In fact, in her book "The Wife of
Martin Guerre," author Janet Lewis envisages an existence for Bertrande that speaks to just how much she likely enjoyed the freedom of being her
own person when Martin first went away. At the same time, she was clearly vilified for it. Of this,

Feminism In Othello Essay
Many males think it was okay to mistreat their wives, sisters, daughters, and even mothers. And during the 16th century this was seen as a way of
life, something normal and acceptable to do. Not many people at this time would stand up for the rights of female, as it was seen as rude and just not
right to stand up for a woman's life. During this time, books and plays were a great source for us to understand the mindset of many people, and if they
supported or pushed an equal society. When reading Othello, By William Shakespeare, In the play the reader can see that he was not a sexist: the
main three females in the play were seen as important and contributed tremendously towards the plot of the play. The readers see Shakespeare
pushing the ideology of men and women being equal with the slow occurrence of many plots towards the play, and how it all unravels itself. These
were proven in the play by when; women's voices and opinions being suppressed, men being able to hold females as property, the double standard of
males and females. With these three the reader is able to see shakespeare bringing to light many issues that females dealt in the 16th century. He tries to
wake the people of the 16th century, with messages in his plays for people to learn and understand the other side of the story. While the readers
understand the play, they feel suspense building, for Othello to ask his wife if what Iago speaks is true. Othello choices to believe Iago, rather than
someone

Age of Doubt In Europe in the 16th Century
In the 16th Century, Europeans had their faith shattered and were forced to realize that there was doubt in what they believed in. From the countless
wars being fought in the name of religion, to the once great and wealthy countries that needed to reaffirm their place in the world, 'all that they had
once taken for granted was suddenly cast into doubt' (446). Europeans were desperately searching for new foundations to put their faith in 'in the face
of intellectual, religious, and political challenges' (446). This period is an example of the expression "Age of Doubt, Age of Uncertainty".
The wars going on throughout Europe through this era were claiming territories through conquest, marriage alliances, or inheritance agreements on the
With the help of alliances "William the Silent" made with France, Germany, and England, the Netherlands was divided up with Calvinism practiced in
the north and Catholicism in the Spanish controlled South (432–433). Between 1618 and 1648, Cardinal Richelieu led the Thirty Years'War against the
Huguenots, with France against Austrian and Spain and with Germany getting the brunt of the casualties (434–437). An example of the viciousness of
the attacks were described by author Hans Jakob Christoph von Grimmelshausen in his fictional memoir Siplicissimus (the Simpleton), where he
illustrated how 'each had his own device to torture the peasants, and each peasant had several tortures' (435). This ended with the signing of the Peace
of Westphalia in 1648, which left France in a powerful position in Europe, Germany and Austria losing not only in casualties but in the power structure
of Europe, and Europe as a 'checkerboard of Protestant and Catholic principalities' (437).
The price revolution in Europe was another contributing factor giving Europeans cause for concern. Europe's population grew after the Black Plague,
yet the growth of food remained constant, which led to higher food prices for the large demand. While the price of food increased, the rate of wages
did not match the increase. Additional factors was the surplus of bullions

The New Imperialism In The 16th Century
Imperialism
Imperialism is the total domination of the political, economical, or cultural aspects or a nation. Imperial colonization has been occurring sense the
beginning of time. An imperialistic nation would increase its importance and power by winning an empire. Some takeovers were forced by political
rivalries. One nation might seize a territory to prevent a competitor from expanding into that region. Some nations would expand to boost their
economic value, or personal wealth. Imperialism advances a countries politics, society, and economic value into a powerful money making country.
Imperialism could be defined as a policy of a country of gaining new territories and establishing nation's dominance of political, economic, and ... Show
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Many people who weren't pleased with their economic and political status could migrate to new regions to find other opportunities. Others were
inspired to spread the word of Christianity and sought a new standard of living. But most importantly, Europeans were concerned with the quest for
material goods and to grow rich (textbook pg. 878).
The new imperialism :
Imperialism has developed two very different meanings in history and in time. The imperialism of the 16th century was much less rapid and
dominating than that of the "new imperialism Вќ of the 19th century. Imperialism in a sense means the extension of one nation's power over other lands.
Imperialism in the 16th century was just the colonization of North and South America and the set up of a few trading posts in Africa. In the 19th
century however, imperialism grew to mean the total domination of one area in direct rule of the mother country.
There were two different time periods where Imperialism occurred. The first wave of imperialism, called the 'Old' Imperialism, lasted from around
1500 – 1800. The 'New' Imperialism lasted from around 1870 – 1914. The three main differences that we will discuss today are the differences in
economics, politics, and the motive behind all of

16th Century
Everyone strives to be great and leave a lasting legacy. This includes the nations of the present, present, and future. But, how do nations become great?
Powerful militaries, strong economies, and stable internal affairs are what make nations great, but how are these achieved? The answer to this question
can be found by looking at the past. One time period to observe is the 15th and 16th centuries. In this time many civilizations rose to new heights across
the globe. Obviously the greatest of the time would be the place to look. So, what is the greatest civilization of these centuries? Like the civilizations of
modern times the nations of that time were faced with unseen obstacles, mostly surrounding an unprecedented connectedness. The Ottomans... Show
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Their government was entirely based on connections. Many administrative duties were delegated to regional leaders by the sultan and under these
leaders were more delegated duties. This meant that their whole government was a complicated web of connections. The government was fair and
stable because the people who ran it were very close to the people they were making rules for. Given their remarkable size and diversity it is
impressive that they never had any large scale revolts. Their empire included Muslims, Jews, and Christians. Despite the conflicts between these groups
the Ottomans were able to quell their differences by assigning religious leaders to each province, further increasing the web of connection within the
empire. Critics of the Ottoman will say that their government was too spread, without a clear leader. On the other hand, the sultan was quite powerful,
as evidenced by Suleiman the Magnificent. He was a legendary leader and as sultan vastly improved the Ottoman empire. The Ottomans ruled with a
firm, but steady hand. This hand was held together by a complex network of connections. The Ottomans were undoubtedly great, with their mighty
military, robust economy, and firm governing. They achieved their greatness through embracing the power of connections. Being an undisputed power
during the 15th and 16th century, many nations of the present and future will attempt to reach such power. Their legacy

The Medieval Church And The Development Of Medieval...
Medieval Theatre was a source of education and reflection for the residents of the Middle Ages. Serving as an inspiration for Renaissance plays, it
took centuries of evolution for Medieval to accommodate themes outside of the Bible. Theatre in the Middle Ages was an enemy of the Catholic
Church, who tried to terminate these performances. Unusually, the Catholic Church played a significant role in the development of Medieval Theatre.
Although plays were limited to the themes of the Bible for a long period of time, bizarre masks, costumes and great structuring of stages were used.
Following the collapse of the Roman Empire, a small group of performers travelled to various destinations to entertain audiences about all aspects of
life. They toured countries and many regions to tell stories, play music and even perform acrobatic arts. Wherever they went, festivals emerged. This
caused commotion between Religious practitioners, who tried to convert the performers and end their performances which were deemed sinful. The
Catholic Church, which was highly responsible for the growth of Medieval Theatre, offered a service. This service provided the dramatization of
Biblical stories which were held on church premises. It was not until the 13th century that religious performances were beginning to be held outside of
the church. Medieval Theatre experienced a fundamental change in its 800–year rule, ending its reign in the 16th century.
In regards to what the plays were performed on,

Trade In The 16th And The 21st Century
Trade has been one of the foundation of societies and cultures the world over, but while the concept has remained the same, the way humans trade has
changed a lot throughout the centuries. The 16th century and 21st centuries were no strangers to the fundamentals of trade, and trade in both centuries
shared some same idea, forget the hundreds of years that separated them. That being said, the 16th century and 21st century employed some different
methods to meet the challenge of trading. These similarities and differences show how despite being a standing ground for the humanity and the
fundamental aspects may have remained constant, there are simple things into how the 16th and 21st centuries got ahold the need to trade with those
around them. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The arrival of airplanes and motorized vehicles has shortened the time it takes to trade goods along time. This is continuing even further as
robotic drones are taking to the skies in test runs for companies like Amazon as the future of product delivery. Technology has reduced the time it
takes goods to reach their destination to the point that products on the other side of the world can reach a buyer in less than 48 hours. Trade has
also seen big changes, long gone are the days of the trade system, replaced by money backed, not by gold or silver, but by governments' GDPs.
This global system of trade and money is seen most pronouncedly by the the United State's national debt, which stands at over 1.9 trillion dollars
owed to various nations across the world. The quality of goods is also more studies than it once was as regulatory bodies like the FDA place
restrictions on how long food is good for, or if it is of proper quality to eat. The goods that are traded have both changed and stayed the same. Food,
spices, perfumes, precious metals all remain items that are traded in the 21st century, just as they were in the 16th century. However, just like
technology has shaped how people trade, it has also changed what is traded. Cellphones, computer, high end electronics all take a high spot on the list
of valuable items traded, some being worth more than the precious metals that were once such a huge indicator of wealth and

Causes Of The 13 Colonies
The roots of, and reasons for the rebellion of the 13 colonies can be found in the 16th century. There have been several factors that have laid the
groundwork for the colonies to rebel against England. The 16th Century was a significant time when exploring the New World. There were three
reasons why exploration to the New World took place, God, Gold, and Glory (known as the 3 Gs) (Lecture 7). Throughout this essay we will explore
events that led up to the rebellion such as Ysabela's hope to spread Christianity to the New World, how the Spaniards treated the Indians upon arrival
to the New World, the defender of the Indians Bartolome de las Casas, Spain's significant decrease in power, The Battle of Laponto, the introduction of
Elizabeth I, the two circumnavigators from England, and the English settlement of Jamestown.
One of the reasons for the rebellion of the 13 colonies dates back to Ysabela and Ferdenando. Ysabela and Fernando were Catholic monarchs who
formed the Kingdom of Spain. Although, a female leader was very dreadful at this time, Ysabela found herself devoting her life to converting people
to God and Christianity. There were still Jews and Muslims that resided in Spain which she believed created obstacles to heaven. In order to combat
these other religions, Ysabela ordered a zero–tolerance policy stating that everyone had to convert to Christianity or they must leave the country. She
would starve Ysabela's intentions to convert people to Christianity was a good initial thought but not executed how a Christian should have executed
the situation. She starved and kicked people out of the country. Her thought of spreading the Christian view of God had good intentions, however her
actions depicted otherwise. The Catholic Queen believed that she was confined by only her country and wanted to make an effort elsewhere.
Christopher Columbus was the one to do that when he found himself in Spain and helped open the door to Ysabela's spread of Christianity into the
New World to what Columbus called "Indians" but it was during the ruling of Carlos I. The Spaniards were known for their brutality against the
Indians. "Everywhere Spain went, Indians died by the millions" (Lecture 6). The

Essay on Gender Stereotypes in the Merchant of Venice
Themes in the Merchant of Venice
Gender stereotypes are not a modern notion and as such expectations and limitations have always existed for both men and women. Fortunately
women, who have formerly beared great burdens of discrimination, now have very liberated roles in society as a result of slowly shifting attitudes and
values. Shakespeare was integral in challenging the subservient role expected of women in the 16th century. Throughout the play, 'The Merchant of
Venice', women are expressed as powerful characters who behave, speak and live in a way that breaks away from the conformist role of females during
the 16th century. Therefore, the submissive stereotype expected of women in Shakespearean time is confronted and defied through ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Overall, this positions the audience to view women as strong characters who confront the stereotype of women as possessions in Elizabethan time.
The characterisation of Jessica further challenges the role and expectations for women in the 16th century. Jessica is initially bound to her Jewish
father, but later elopes with her lover, Lorenzo, defying the most prominent male in her life to live by her own free will; definitely not a common
practice of her time. Jessica's courage and strength which are exemplified through her actions and are also expressed in the quote; 'I am a daughter to
his blood; I am not to his manners' (Act 2, Scene3, 18–19). When Jessica says this as she betrays her father to secretly marry Lorenzo, it is clear that
she possesses a strong sense of defiance and strength against this dominant male, showing that she is free to be her own person and is not going to
let her life be run by her father. This brave and controversial act by a young girl is in stark contrast to the expectations of 16th century society,
revealing a hint of disrespect in the character of Jessica that is admired as a sign of her power. Overall, the actions of Jessica exemplify Shakespeare's
construction of women as powerful characters who

The Abandoned Colony by Karen Ordahl Kupperman
Thesis: The Roanoke colony proved to be an unsuccessful venture in the New World for England, since leaders of the expedition held the viewpoint
that privateering would prove to be the most profitable aspect of founding the new settlements in the West. However future, still unsuccessful attempts
to make a permanent colony at Roanoke, helped England understand how to build a prosperous one; and it became a building block for establishing
future colonies for England and helped shape the ideas that would help launch their empire.
Summary: This book starts well before Roanoke was founded. It detailed how, at the time, England was not a superpower. Spain and France were the
most dominant of the European countries, but internal conflicts in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They had a strange relationship, since many of the colonists respected the Indian's way of life and were amazed by how they lived. Many
attributed their strength to the tobacco that they consumed. Others saw them as savages and wanted to convert them to the European way of life.
The colonists ended up waging war with them and killed some Croatoans. White went back to England to request supplies, and when he came
back, the colony was abandoned, with evidence that they joined the Croatoans. "CRO" was written on a tree, a sign that the colonists left to tell him
where they had gone. However, they were to carve a cross over the name if they were forced to vacate, but there was no such mark. An entrance post
also had the word "Croatoan" carved into it, also without any crosses. Big items like weapons were left behind, but all smaller supplies were gone.
The book uses Professor David Quinn's theory to explain what happened. The bulk of the colony moved to the Chesapeake Bay and lived in peace while
the rest stayed behind to guard the heavier equipment. However, the Spanish threat and Indian hostility forced them to leave. They were the ones who
left the notes. Rumors continued to spin when Indians told stories to the people of Jamestown in the Chesapeake Bay about whites living with the
Indians. Unfortunately, White, Ralegh, and everyone else searching for the colony never found them. Even after hearing of why Roanoke failed,

Reformation Affect German Society In The 16th And 17th...
How did the Reformation affect German society in the 16th and 17th centuries?
Part A: Identification and Evaluation of Sources
This report will explore how did the Reformation affect German society in the 16th and 17th centuries. The Reformation took place mainly during the
16th century and many things resulted from that. It was a big turning point for society when everything was changing with the politics, education
received, and religion people had. This started when the power of the church was beginning to break and the Church had an enormous amount of
power over people before the Reformation. The research done for this essay was based off primary and secondary sources that discuss the effects the
reformation had on German society. Dr. Jack L. Arnold's writes "The Cause and Results of the Reformation", which described several general effects
the Reformation had on society. Karen E. Spierling is the author of an encyclopedia and she analyzes several effects the Reformation had on several
areas around Europe including Germany.
Source 1: Arnold, Jack L. "THE CAUSE AND RESULTS OF THE REFORMATION Reformation Men and Theology, Lesson 2 of 11." IIIM Magazine
Online. Vol 1. No 2. March 8 1999. www.thirdmill.org/files/english/html/ch/CH.Arnold.RMT.2.HTML. Accessed October 5 2017.
Origin: This article was written by Dr. Jack L. Arnold. It was published on March 8, 1999 on the IIIM Magazine Online.
Purpose: This secondary source is written for the general audience in the

Essay On Women In Romeo And Juliet
INTRODUCTION
Though women were unexceptional to men, women in diverse classes had changed conquerors. Low class women were expected to be housewives
and take care of everything to do with the house. The expectation of working class women was a little bit different. These women were likely to
work for their husbands and benefit them run their business. They would work beside with their husbands and then go home and take care of the
house hold. Some women were permitted to work small jobs as leather workers, fabric merchants, or as assistants to bakers. In rare cases, the wife of a
merchant would take over her husband's position and duties after he died. This didn't put the woman on equal footing, however, women were paid
much less than a man doing the same type of job. Even a Renaissance merchant woman was expected to remain silent unless spoken to, avoid all
discussions of religion or politics, and to attend to the duties of their husbands business and household.
Women were often in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Marriages were regularly settled by the families of the bride and the groom in direction for both sides to profit from one another. In Romeo and
Juliet, the two lovers' families disliked one another, which was one of the reasons they could not be together. "But, an you will not bond, I'm sorry
./ Scratch where you will, you shall not line with me." /"An you be not, fall, request, go hungry, die in the streets,/ For by my soul, I'll ne'er
acknowledge thee,/ Nor what is mine shall never do thee good." (Act 3 Scene 5). This obvious quote was said by Capulet; Juliet's father. He's
basically encouraging that if Juliet refuses to marry Paris, he will completely harshness her and have nothing to do with her from that point forward.
This shows that women indeed did not have any say back then. Even though Juliet wanted to marry Romeo; her parents refused to let her do

Scotland Castle Research Paper
There are many beautiful castles and other monuments all through out Europe. Edinburgh Castle, in Edinburgh, Scotland, has always caught my eyes
because of its beauty, elegance, and rich history that it holds. Being of Scottish descent, my family has always mentioned and talks about richness and
beauty of the castle. Throughout this paper I am going to give a brief history summary of the castle, but mostly focus more on the architectural parts of
the castle.
Today,Edinburgh Castle sits on top of Castle Rock, which is a rock formation that roughly formed 340 million years ago from a volcanic eruption.
Actual construction of the castle did not happen until the Bronze Age Era (900 B.C.). But during the initial construction, it was not known ... Show more
It was during the 15th century, under the ruling of King James IV, was when the Royal Place underwent construction. During the16th century, The
Royal Palace was remodeled to make it more aesthetically pleasing for the Dukes, Lords, and other Monarchs who came to visit. One the first floor,
you will find the King's Dinning Room, and across from it you will find the Birth Chamber. The King's Dinning Room was where big dinners,
gatherings, and banquets were held. The the Birth Chamber room is where Queen Mary of Scotland have birth to James VI. The most important
room in the Royal Palace was at the time the Stone of Scone. This was the room where monarchs where crowned. The Royal Palace, probably the
most important room in all of Edinburgh Castle played a big roll for all the monarchs who came into power.
Another part of the Crown Square is the Great Hall. The Great Hall, which was completed in the early 16th century, was the room for assembly
meetings and others forms of big gathering. Some people get the Great Hall mixed up with the King's Dinning Room. The King's Dinning Room
again is where banquets were held, and The Great Hall is more like a big auditorium for gatherings and entertainment. The Great Hall measures ninety
five feet by forty one feet. On the ceiling you will find Renaissance era art

MarloweвЂ™s Presentation of Mephastophilis in Dr. Faustus Essay
Marlowe's Presentation of Mephastophilis in Dr. Faustus
Literary works in sixteenth– century England were rarely if ever created in isolation from other currents in the social and cultural world and
Marlowe's Dr Faustus is no exception. It is significant that Marlowe's great play was written at a time in which the possibility of sorcery was not
merely a theatrical fantasy but a widely shared fear. Dr Faustus was also performed at time in which many artists such as Bosch and Jacques Callot
were depicting horrific images of hell in their paintings making the play all the more disturbing to the medieval audience. Marlowe's tragedy emerges
not only from a culture in which bargains with the devil are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This therefore indicates that devils only have the ability to entrap those who want to be entrapped and who renounce God and swear allegiance to the
devil. This was a view that was widely accepted at the time.
When Mephastophilis first appears Faustus commands him to depart and return dressed as a Franciscan friar since 'that holy shape becomes a
devil best'. The fact that Faustus feels the need to disguise the devils true hideousness is a bold statement about the horrific reality of hell.
Mephastophilis is presumably too hideous for Faustus to even look upon therefore he demands that he leave and return as something more
pleasant and appealing in a feeble attempt to mitigate the horrors of hell. When Mephastophilis reappears dressed as a monk Faustus quizzes him
about hell. We learn that Lucifer and all his devils were once angels who rebelled against God and have been damned to hell forever. He willingly
tells Faustus that his master, Lucifer, is less powerful than God, having been thrown 'by aspiring pride and insolence,/...From the face of heaven'.
Furthermore, Mephastophilis offers a powerful portrait of hell that seems to warn against any pact with Lucifer. When Faustus asks him how it is
that he is allowed to leave hell in order to come to earth he replies 'Why this is hell nor am I out of it'. Mephastophilis exposes the horrors of his own

Differences Between 16th and 19th Century Imperialism
The Differences Between 16th and 19th Century Imperialism and their Effects on the World Today.
Name: Mr. Big
Student #: C10539956
Course: INS 201
Professor: Dr. Ventricle
1. What is 'imperialism'? How did 19th–century colonialism, empire building, high imperialism differ from those of earlier times: in particular from the
colonialism of early– modern mercantilism (16th to18th centuries)?
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Introduction
According to John Findling and Frank Thackeray's "Events that Changed the World in... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, the original thirteen colonies that Britain established on North America's east coast have gone on to become the world's main
superpower, the United States of America. Britain's colony in China, Hong Kong, has gone on to become Asia's premiere financial center with
Singapore (another British jewel) trailing just behind. Even Britain's prisoners set up the only first–world country in the Southern Hemisphere,
Australia! Compare this to Spain's imperial efforts, for example Mexico is the only third world country in North America and has always struggled
to overcome a legal system plagued with corruption. Why is it that the British colonies were so successful and the colonies of other countries such

failures in comparison? I feel the answer to that is British law. British law has been a keystone in these colonies success. Their political ideals have
helped sculpt the success stories of the modern world, albeit there have been some failures such as India and Rhodesia where there were civilians
revolting against their new leaders. The British education system helped produce a new class of educated Africans and Asians that were able seek
employment once they had completed their schooling.
16th Century Imperialism
Imperialism in the fifteenth century was new and exciting, the rules were unwritten. People believed back then that the civilized world back owed it to
the rest of the world

The Enlightenment During The Enlightenment
Before the Enlightenment, France's government was too strong because it had too much power. During the Enlightenment, many philosophers helped
improve France as a whole. One specific example would be Montesquieu. Montesquieu wrote books on many topics such as law, climate, forms of
government, and religion. Also, he traveled and explored Europe to expand his knowledge and studied in an extensive learning program. His
philosophy and writing had a great effect on France and the people living there at the time of the Enlightenment. In the 16th century of France,
Montesquieu was born to his military–based father, named Jacques de Secondat, and his wealthy mother, named Marie–FranГ§oise de Pensal. ВЁShe
brought to her husband a great increase in wealth in the valuable wine–producing property of LaBrГЁdeВЁ (Britannica Academics). The wealth of
MontesquieuВґs mother gave him many privileges and opportunities that he wouldn't be able to have access to if he didn't have the money. Also, the
wealth of his family provided options for him to travel and expand his knowledge all around Europe. In the early life of Montesquieu, there were
many social, political, and economic problems happening in France. The social problems included the unequal treatment of the people currently
staying in France at the time. The commoners of France were treated very poorly and had absolutely no political say at all, and the nobles were
unhappy because of their loss of power and authority. An economic problem

What Are The Five Jobs Of The 16th Century Jobs
In my paper I will be talking a lot about the top five jobs of the 16th century and todays top five jobs. After I have explained these jobs and told you
what they are I'm going to compare them. Women didn't play a big role in jobs in the 16th century because they were considered the weaker sex,
therefore they usually stayed home as housewives where they would cook, clean, and sew clothes for the husbands. Today we know this to be
completely the opposite because women, in some cases, are paid more the men for the same jobs just because they have a better education. In the 16th
century women also didn't have a chance to go to college whereas nowadays women are very smart and get college scholarships for there academics
and many other things. Im mainly going to be comparing these various jobs, so stick around this is going to be interesting. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The top five jobs in the 16th century were: a craftsmen– this was a person who repaired things like a tailor or a shoemaker, then there were traders–
this was a person who made things and sold them like a baker or carpenter or blacksmith, then there is the workers of the land– such as a farmer these
people made crops and fruits and vegetables and wheats, next there are the servants– these people would live on the land of their owners and they
would help in anyway their owners needed them to, and last but not least are the clerks– were the people were in charge of the money so like a banker.
In the 16th century there weren't many jobs available and are very hard to find. Usually the jobs didn't pay but if they did it was a very small amount
unless you worked for

The 16Th And 17Th Centuries In England Are Marked By The
The 16th and 17th centuries in England are marked by the great societal changes that emerged from the effects the Renaissance and Reformation had
on ideas concerning religion, education and social order. In regard to these developments, it has been argued that the spiritual and educational standing
of women had been elevated during this time, coupled also with the fact that this period saw the rule of three female monarchs, which arguably
challenged and improved society's opinions and attitudes toward women. However, it is important to critically consider whether these societal
movements have been retroactively deemed beneficial to women because they had favored modernization– a process that was of much greater
advantage to men than to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The ranking of existence also implied a hierarchy of genders as well, as women were thought to be created from man and responsible for
mankind's fall from Eden. Moreover, an important feature of the Chain was that the top rank in every categorical division was also analogous to the
top rank of every other division. Therefore, the father as head of the family, as with the king as the head of the kingdom, was analogous to God in the
universe. Because fathers, and in turn the patriarchy, represented God and wielded his authority, they were understood to be the unquestioned ruler of
their sphere of activity within the chain. An example of this kind of thought can be seen in a popular text called Of Domesticall Duties, written by an
English clergyman William Gouge in 1622. In this conduct book on family life, Gouge declares, "The husband is as a Priest unto his wife... He is the
highest in the family, and hath authority over all and the charge of all is committed to his charge; hee is as a king in his own house." Because the
structure of the chain maintained that the function of men as fathers and heads of households was analogous to the role of the monarch in the
kingdom, male dominance was strongly rooted in divine ordinance and reinforced through a fully articulated theory of patriarchy.

Gender Roles in the 16th Century
Melinda Grabowski
Dr. Courtney Beggs ENGL 241:002
February 23rd, 2014
Essay 1
Gender Roles in the 16th Century: Men on the Battlefield, Women in the Kitchen
One of the most fundamental themes while reading Shakespeare is the prominent reminder of women at the end of the 16th century and their roles
placed under men, as women were a threat to the masculinity, and thus, power held by men. There are clear misogynistic elements in all of the works
performed through Shakespeare's plays, most predominantly appearing in The Taming of the Shrew. As quoted within texts and contexts of this play,
the reader becomes aware that The Taming of the Shrew "participates in a tenacious popular tradition of depicting domestic violence as funny" (Dolan
It is interesting to make note of the factor of masculinity in this contextual material, where men are "naturally" better at some jobs than women.
Contextual evidence expresses that during the 16th century, women had a small catalogue of varies duties or jobs they may participate in for money
outside of the home. The text quotes, "The work available to them was usually related to the kinds they did in their own houses" (207). Although
women were able to depart from the confinement of their own home, their possible jobs had little to no change. In The Taming of the Shrew, the
audience sees the equilibrium between a man and woman through their relationship and their gender roles placed upon them because of their society
and upbringing. In order to be tamed, Kate embarks on a journey to change her shrewish qualities. She transforms herself from a loud, vicious
woman to the ideal wife that her husband Petruchio desired. In Act four, the audience experiences Kate's tamed manner in a conversation between
her and Petruchio, where she tells Petruchio that whatever he believes is right, to her, it is right as well. "...And be it moon, or sun, or what you
please; / An if you please to call it a rush candle, / Henceforth I vow it shall be so for me" (4.5.13–15). Kate had finally submerged herself into the
socially accepted role of wife. She puts all of her own faith and truth that she has learned in her

Analysis Of A Draughtsman Drawing A Portrait By Albrecht...
In the 1968 art exhibition Cybernetic Serendipity L. D. Harmon and K. C. Knowlton take a simple picture of two birds flying in the sky and computer
generated the photography by converting electrical signals into numerical representations on magnetic tape, this then provides a digital version of the
photo to be used in computer processing. The photo is divided into fragments where its generated by numbers. The photo is given a density that's
shown by different shades of dots that creates the computer–generated photograph. In close range, you can see each separate shaded dot which makes
up the photo. At 20–30 feet, away from the overall computer–generated photograph you are able to conduct the figure that once was an original
photograph.
The modernist work I chose was A draughtsmandrawing a portrait by Albrecht Durer. Albrecht Durer was one of the many modernist yet abstract. I
chose this Modernist work because Durer is abstract and he uses perception is a great deal of his art works. Albrecht Durer's artworks were very
diverse and vibrant, they also included modern ways of creativity and originality. Durer was a huge example of originality which made his drawing
A draughtsman drawing a portrait so spectacular because it had never been seen before. This drawing represented a way to draw people exactly as
they are seen in real life, as three dimensional. The artist as shown in the drawing using Durer's drawing machine, would draw specific lines that were
accurate

Development And Evolution Of Ballet In The 15th And 16th...
Ballet originated in the Italian Renaissance courts of the 15th and 16th centuries. Court musicians and dancers collaborated to make flowy dances.
These were just the roots, if you were to watch a tape of this early form of ballet (which you can't) you would notice that it looks absolutely nothing
like anything that you see today. Every ballet of the time was not choreographed and often had the audience partake in the festivities. As the 15th
century went on Ballet evolved into choreographed steps and the dance was more often being used at aristocrats weddings and anniversaries. One of
the most famous choreographers and dancers of the time was a man by the name of Domenico da Piacenza, he with his students created some of the
first recognizable ballet numbers. There were others after him who had similar roles in the development and evolution of Ballet. The dance had then
moved with the Aristocrats of the time to France where another big stage of evolution occurred. As it moved to France it made a jump from wedding
performances to large theatre shows. The king at the time; Louis the 14th developed a true passion towards the art and set aside ministers and other
officials solely in charge of Ballet. Many Italian choreographers had traveled to France to follow their passion and had trouble mixing in with the
French appointed choreographers and dancers. At the time many of the Italian choreographer's shows would not sell well and the dancers would often
go on strike. This

Accusations Of Witch Hunts In 16th Century Europe
During the 16th century, women started to become the subject of many harsh criminal allegations. Accusations of witchcraft and persecution took
over many parts of Europe, especially German and French speaking lands. As widespread witch hunts began surfacing, the question of why they
started became prevalent. Europe began experiencing economic troubles in the early modern period, with "population saturation, food scarcity, and
runaway inflation". As a result of this troubled society, a scapegoat was needed to draw attention away from all of the troubles that Europe was
facing. Lords with political legitimacy as well as other people with authoritative roles, like the clergy, looked at this idea of scapegoating as a way to
protect their image and ensure that they remained in power. The high levels of economic and political conflict in16th century Europe led people in
authority to draw attention to easy targets, by accusing them of witchcraft.
Women were used as scapegoats in an attempt to take attention away from the issues in the economy and politics. From the very beginning of witch
hunts women were instantly seen as an easy target. Fear of women who were able to use their words to curse and attack others were the fundamentals
of a large number of witchcraft accusations. It was believed that the witch trials took place in an attempt to rid society of women. Due to population
increase peasants income was drastically decreased. Accusing women of witchcraft opened a

Bingo History
A Brief History of Bingo
As is the case with many historical facts, the facts as we understand them today have been written by the victors. This is especially true when we're
discussing the history of the great game of Bingo, which is littered with vague accounts and wild inconsistencies. Of course the game didn't just
spring into being one dark, cold night, as with most things, there was a seed of an idea that evolved and changed over decades before it became the
game that we all know and love today.
When it comes down to it, Bingo is, above all else, a form of gambling, which has been around in one form or another for thousands of years as a
leisure pursuit. All forms of gambling have changed over time as cultures have moved on, but bingo is unlike any other game of chance, because it's
arguably more about the community and the sheer fun of the game than the prize. However, it wasn't always that way.
The game has its origins in the lottery games that were popular in Europe throughout the 16th century, which were based on the drawing of random
numbers (sound familiar?) and basic lucky. To get from there to where we are today was a gradual process.
Where was Bingo First Played?
Whilst games like it evolved from similar games played in Europe in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By the late 1930's, the game had become popular enough that some had figured out how to fix the game by calling out incorrect numbers. To rectify
this, players were asked to come up and draw the balls, but this obviously made the game drag, so callers began coming up with humorous calls in
order to cover the gap between calls and make the game seem more fun. As for the calls themselves, many of them have military names, and that's
because the game was played often (as previously mentioned) by the British military in the 1930's and

Gender Inequality In A Midsummer Night's Dream
Sexuality over Centuries
"And though she be but little, she is fierce" (3.2 335). This was said in A Midsummer Night's Dream. This represents the life women have of being
perceived as small, objects, and as pointless. But as the time has gone by, women have proved to be a fierce as the Presidents of the United States.
When it comes to looking at women and how they have been interpreted, the one question I have has to be why Shakespeare was against the female
gander. He was a man who was raised in the 16th century so he has seen the roughness the women have to bear. He seen deal with men having
numerous rights, the feeling of cross dressing to get what they desire, and also fight for their own individual rights. Looking into Shakespeare's work
and interpreting his meaning behind the treatment of women, there are many forms that take place from feminist actions to the appearance that is
showing women, including men, living on their daily lives.
Women in the 16th century lived a life greatly different than the women of today. "The normal occupation for women at the time wasmarriage and
motherhood" (McDonald 253). The women lived a very rough life with only two basic tasks, they only cleaned the house and took care of ... Show more
Or, it may simply be that common underlying factors determine both income and gender inequality" (Dollar). But here have been times when things
are really complicated and not going well for the female gender. Men and husbands are ruling everything they do or take part in. Women did not have
it easy. As I stated previously, women had it the hardest time when it came to being compared to the male gender. The man and the husband did
everything they could to be able to maintain rule of the home and keep their foot down in the house. There are some women that did rebel and those
are the ones we ended up reading about in Shakespeare's

Colonism In Europe
It is evident that in 16th century Europe there existed both the motivation and the means to explore and colonize territory across the seas. As it can be
said, "With the dawn of the 16th century, there came together in Europe both the motivation and the means to explore and colonize territory across the
seas." This statement is true to a large extent, especially in the areas of trade and technology. The physical means to explore and colonize came from
the advances in technology that the Europeans had gone through, allowing them to sail far across the oceans and take over native populations easily.
The motivation, on the other hand, came from trade–related reasons, such as the desire to trade new resources, to find gold, and to find new trade
routes. Without the technology or trade at the dawn of the 16th century, there would not have been the means nor the motivation for Europeans to
explore and colonize the New World. First, the Europeans had the means to explore and colonize the New World mainly because of their advances in
technology. As Schweikart put it, "a wide range of technologies coalesced to encourage long–range voyages of discovery." For example, the Arabs'
development of the astrolabe helped sailors establish the sun's altitude above the horizon. Vikings farther north introduced new methods of hull
construction, allowing vessels to withstand violent ocean storms. Sailors on the Baltic coast tinkered with larger and more controlled ship designs.
Improved ships

Discrimination In The European Colonies
The Colonies in the Americas each had different types and forums of slavery, different European powers treated slaves with a degree of respect or very
little, such as the United States/British colonies. Various historical accounts from the 16th century illustrate how Africans and those of mixed races
went through different process to combat stereotypes. Africans' and those of mixed descent combatted stereotypes through honor; this was typically
done through legal channels and the court system. This was done through the right to carry arms, govern or rule in African communities and gain
freedom from slavery through legal systems. Individuals of African descent or those brought over from Africa (as slaves) faced much discrimination
and stereotypes in European Colonies. Such forms of discrimination included them being subjects of slavery, abuse and mistreatment (physically and
psychology). The general stereotypically prejudice they faced was that they were inferior to whites and their religious standing was questionable.
Some viewed Africans and other minority groups of being inferior due to a lack of faith or commitment to the Catholic faith. On an individual bases
this was something that could be overcome through attending Church regularly and being baptized. As this was the case for Felipe Edimboro who
"baptized all twelve of their children as Catholics" Edimboro also had himself baptized. The Church at this time in history was a highly important and
influential part of

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