3. INTRODUCTION
• An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of
energy in the earth crust, that creates seismic waves.
• The seismic activity of an area refers to the
frequency, type and size of earthquakes experienced
over a period of time.
• The 2011 Sikkim earthquake occurred with
a moment magnitude of 6.9, near the border of Nepal
and the Indian state of Sikkim, at 18:10 IST on
Sunday, 18 September.
• The earthquake was felt across northeastern India,
Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and southern Tibet.
6. • The 2011 Sikkim earthquake occurred centered
within the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area, near the
border of Nepal and the Indian state of Sikkim.
• As per the Seismic Zonation Map of India 4 the state
of Sikkim comes under Seismic Zone IV
• Neighbouring countries of Nepal, Bhutan, Tibet
(China) and Bangladesh sustained damage and losses
to varying extent .
• Three aftershocks of magnitude 5.7, 5.1 and 4.6 were
also felt in Sikkim within 30 minutes of the
earthquake.
• The earthquake triggered a large number of landslides
and caused significant damage to buildings and
infrastructure.
7. CAUSES
• Damages to the private buildings
• Damage to religious Places
• Damage to the archaeological structures
• Damage to dams and water structures.
• Damage to government buildings and Educational
Institutions.
8.
9. • As the region is mountainous and rains preceded
the earthquake, the event triggered massive
landslides.
• Damage to buildings and infrastructure caused by
landslides was more severe than damage due to
direct ground shaking in some regions
• Most buildings had a symmetric and uniform grid
of beams and columns. Some buildings that had
open stories collapsed, usually at mid-height
10.
11. CASE STUDY
• The Incident followed by Geological information:
• Date of occurrence: 18/09/2011
• Time: 18:11 hrs (IST)
• Magnitude: 6.8
• Focal depth: 10 Km Epiecentre Latitude &
Longitude : 27.7o N & 88.2 o E
• Region: Sikkim‐Nepal Border region.
12. REFERENCE
• "Pager - M 6.9 - Sikkim, India". USGS. 18 September 2011.
Retrieved18 September 2011.
• Earthquake claims two lives in Sikkim, The Hindu, 18
September 2011
• Bhardwaj, Mayank (18 September 2011). "Magnitude 6.8
quake in India, several dead". Reuters. Retrieved 18
September 2011.
• Earthquake kills 5 in Nepal, DNA, 18 September 2011.
• ITBP buildings collapse, Pegong area badly hit The Economic
Times, 18 September 2011
• "Earthquake toll over 80; India 68; as rescue teams reach
quake epicentre". Ndtv.com. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
