1. {
Clauses

2. { {DEPENDENT INDEPENDENT
Clauses are like families.

3.  A clause is a group of words with a subject and a verb.
 Remember, we have two kinds of clauses.
Independent clauses—have a subject and a verb
and express a complete thought by themselves.
They stand alone as complete sentences.
And
Dependent clauses—have a subject and a verb, but
DON’T express a complete thought because of the
word they begin with.
What are Clauses?

4.  A dependent clause cannot stand alone. A
dependent clause on its own is a sentence
fragment. A dependent clause must be
connected to an independent clause to express
a complete idea.
 Dependent clauses often begin with a
dependent marker.
Dependent Clauses

5. Some Dependent Markers
 After
 Although
 As
 As if
 As soon as
 Because
 Before
 Even if
 Even though
 Ever since
 How
 If
 Since
 So that
 That
 Though
 Unless
 When
 While

6.  When a clause starts with one of the dependent
marker words, it is usually a dependent clause.
 Let’s look at the difference between an independent
clause and a dependent clause.
 We ate dinner together.
Examples
This can stand alone.
It is an independent
clause (also called
simple sentence or
main clause.
It has a subject, (we) and a verb
(ate) and it expresses a complete
thought.
Independent Clause—I stand on my own.

7. As soon as we put one of the dependent markers
in front of the clause, it becomes dependent
because it no longer expresses a complete
thought.
*After we ate dinner together…
*Although we ate dinner together…
*Before we ate dinner together…
*Since we ate dinner together…
Dependent Markers in Use

8.  Each of these dependent clauses leaves the reader
expecting something more.
 Each would depend on another clause—an independent
clause—to make a sentence.
 After we ate dinner together, we watched a movie.
 After we ate dinner together= dependent clause.
 We watched a movie= independent clause.
Fixing the Dependent Clause