The document discusses different types of phrases and clauses. It defines a phrase as a group of related words that does not contain both a subject and a verb, while a clause contains both a subject and a verb. Phrases cannot stand alone as sentences, but clauses may be able to. The document then provides examples to illustrate identifying phrases and clauses, as well as different types of clauses such as independent clauses, subordinate clauses, relative clauses, noun clauses and adverb clauses. It also discusses identifying prepositional phrases and different types of phrases such as noun phrases, verb phrases, prepositional phrases, appositives, gerunds and infinitives.

1. Clauses & Phrases
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2. Clauses Phrases
A phrase is a group of
related words that does
not include a subject or
a verb, or both.
A clause is a group of
related words that
contain both a subject
and a verb/predicate.
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3. A phrase cannot
stand alone as a
sentence.
Clauses may be
able to stand
alone as a
sentence
Clauses Phrases
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4. “On this bright and
sunny Monday
morning, we are
going to tell you about
Phrases and Clauses.”
“Nobody really wants to
listen to our
presentation, but we’re
making you anyway!”
Clauses Phrases
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5. Spot the sentences and clauses.
• The woman ate her dinner quickly.
• I cannot move because my back hurts.
• who was running really quickly
• Josie could swim really quickly.
• which was really smelly
Clauses Phrases

6. Spot the sentences and clauses.
• The woman ate her dinner quickly. sentence
• I cannot move because my back hurts.
• who was running really quickly
• Josie could swim really quickly.
• which was really smelly
Clauses Phrases

7. Spot the sentences and clauses.
• The woman ate her dinner quickly. sentence
• I cannot move because my back hurts. sentence
• who was running really quickly
• Josie could swim really quickly.
• which was really smelly
Clauses Phrases

8. Spot the sentences and clauses.
• The woman ate her dinner quickly. sentence
• I cannot move because my back hurts. sentence
• who was running really quickly. clause
• Josie could swim really quickly.
• which was really smelly
Clauses Phrases

9. Spot the sentences and clauses.
• The woman ate her dinner quickly. sentence
• I cannot move because my back hurts. sentence
• who was running really quickly. clause
• Josie could swim really quickly. sentence
• which was really smelly
Clauses Phrases

10. Spot the sentences and clauses.
• The woman ate her dinner quickly. sentence
• I cannot move because my back hurts. sentence
• who was running really quickly. clause
• Josie could swim really quickly. sentence
• which was really happy. clause
Clauses Phrases

11. Which of the following are phrases and clauses?
1.In my room
2.The cat went under the bed
3.Until next week
4.Quickly walking to the store
5.Yet they tried
Clauses Phrases

12. Which of the following are phrases and clauses?
1.In my room phrase
2.The cat went under the bed
3.Until next week
4.Quickly walking to the store
5.Yet they tried
Clauses Phrases

13. Which of the following are phrases and clauses?
1.In my room phrase
2.The cat went under the bed Clause
3.Until next week
4.Quickly walking to the store
5.Yet they tried
Clauses Phrases

14. Which of the following are phrases and clauses?
1.In my room phrase
2.The cat went under the bed Clause
3.Until next week phrase
4.Quickly walking to the store
5.Yet they tried
Clauses Phrases

15. Which of the following are phrases and clauses?
1.In my room phrase
2.The cat went under the bed Clause
3.Until next week phrase
4.Quickly walking to the store phrase
5.Yet they tried
Clauses Phrases

16. Which of the following are phrases and clauses?
1.In my room phrase
2.The cat went under the bed Clause
3.Until next week phrase
4.Quickly walking to the store phrase
5.Yet they tried clause
Clauses Phrases

17. Fill in the blanks:
1. A phrase is a group of related words that is used as a part of ______ and
does not contain both a _______ and a _______.
2. A phrase ______ stand alone as a sentence
3. A clause has both a _______ and a _______.
4. A clause _______ stand alone as a sentence if it’s an independent clause.
Clauses Phrases

18. Fill in the blanks:
1. A phrase is a group of related words that is used as a part of speech and
does not contain both a _______ and a _______.
2. A phrase ______ stand alone as a sentence
3. A clause has both a _______ and a _______.
4. A clause _______ stand alone as a sentence if it’s an independent clause.
Clauses Phrases

19. Fill in the blanks:
1. A phrase is a group of related words that is used as a part of speech and
does not contain both a subject and a _______.
2. A phrase ______ stand alone as a sentence
3. A clause has both a _______ and a _______.
4. A clause _______ stand alone as a sentence if it’s an independent clause.
Clauses Phrases

20. Fill in the blanks:
1. A phrase is a group of related words that is used as a part of speech and
does not contain both a subject and a verb.
2. A phrase ______ stand alone as a sentence
3. A clause has both a _______ and a _______.
4. A clause _______ stand alone as a sentence if it’s an independent clause.
Clauses Phrases

21. Fill in the blanks:
1. A phrase is a group of related words that is used as a part of speech and
does not contain both a subject and a verb.
2. A phrase cannot stand alone as a sentence
3. A clause has both a _______ and a _______.
4. A clause _______ stand alone as a sentence if it’s an independent clause.
Clauses Phrases

22. Fill in the blanks:
1. A phrase is a group of related words that is used as a part of speech and
does not contain both a subject and a verb.
2. A phrase cannot stand alone as a sentence
3. A clause has both a subject and a _______.
4. A clause _______ stand alone as a sentence if it’s an independent clause.
Clauses Phrases

23. Fill in the blanks:
1. A phrase is a group of related words that is used as a part of speech and
does not contain both a subject and a verb.
2. A phrase cannot stand alone as a sentence
3. A clause has both a subject and a verb.
4. A clause _______ stand alone as a sentence if it’s an independent clause.
Clauses Phrases

24. Fill in the blanks:
1. A phrase is a group of related words that is used as a part of speech and
does not contain both a subject and a verb.
2. A phrase cannot stand alone as a sentence
3. A clause has both a subject and a verb.
4. A clause can stand alone as a sentence if it’s an independent clause.
Clauses Phrases

25. How many types are there?
Clauses Phrases

26. Dependent
(fragment)
Subordinate
independent
Noun
Verb
Preposition
Appositives
gerund
infinitive
Absolute
Clauses Phrases

27. 1. Independent
Is a complete sentence that
MUST HAVE a subject and
a verb which agree. It
conveys a complete
thought.
Clauses Phrases

28. 1. Independent
The frustrated,
irritated teachers finally
understood the basic
grammar concepts.
Clauses Phrases

29. 1.
An Independent clause
=
Sentence
Clauses Phrases

30. 2. Subordinate
Dependent
Fragment
these cannot stand by
themselves. They must be
combined with an
independent clause in order to
Clauses Phrases

31. 2. Subordinate
Dependent
fragment
“We want you to listen to
this presentation, because
we think it will be useful to
Clauses Phrases

32. 2. Independent
“We want you to
listen to this
presentation,
because we think
it will be useful
to you.”
2. Subordinate
Dependent
Fragment
“We want you to
listen to this
presentation,
because we think it
will be useful to
you.”
Clauses Phrases

33. How can you
connect clauses?
Clauses Phrases

34. Coordinators
COMPOUND
For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So
Subordinators
COMPLEX
As
Since
Before
While
Because
When
In case
Relative
Pronouns
RELATIVE
Who
Which
That
Whom
whose
Clauses Phrases

35. Dependent
(fragment)
Subordinate
independent
Adverbial
Relative
(Adjectie)
Noun
Clauses Phrases

36. Relative
Pronouns
Who
Which
That
Whom
whose
Dependent/(fragment)/Subordinate
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Adjective
Relative
adverbs
When
Where
why
It answers
questions
such as
*which one?
*what kind?
*how many?
Clauses Phrases

37. Examples:
When we go to the movies, we always buy
popcorn.
Those are the two children who walked
out of the store
………that helped us
Dependent/(fragment)/Subordinate
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Adjective
Clauses Phrases

38. NonesentialEssential
You need it
Dependent/(fragment)/Subordinate
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Adjective
Clauses Phrases

39. NonesentialEssential
Laura and her friend Juliette,
who is the oldest of the two,
enjoy spending time together.
Dependent/(fragment)/Subordinate
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Adjective
Clauses Phrases

40. NonesentialEssential
Laura and her friend Juliette,
who is the oldest of the two,
enjoy spending time together.
Dependent/(fragment)/Subordinate
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Adjective
Clauses Phrases

41. NonesentialEssential
Laura and her friend Juliette,
who is the oldest of the two,
enjoy spending time together.
Dependent/(fragment)/Subordinate
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Adjective
Clauses Phrases

42. Dependent
(fragment)
Subordinate
independent
Adverbial
Relative
Adjective
Noun
Clauses Phrases

43. John did his homework before he went to bed.
Identify the type of the clause
Independent dependent
Clauses Phrases

44. John did his homework before he went to bed.
Identify the type of the clause
Independent dependent
Clauses Phrases

45. If you help me, I will help you!
Identify the type of the clause
Independent dependent
Clauses Phrases

46. If you help me, I will help you!
Identify the type of the clause
Independent dependent
Clauses Phrases

47. She is very fit because she goes running every day.
Identify the type of the clause
Independent dependent
Clauses Phrases

48. She is very fit because she goes running every day.
Identify the type of the clause
Independent dependent
Clauses Phrases

49. After the movie was over, we went out to eat.
Identify the type of the clause
Noun clause Adverb clause
Relative ( adjective) clause
Clauses Phrases

50. After the movie was over, we went out to eat.
Identify the type of the clause
Noun clause Adverb clause
Relative ( adjective) clause
Clauses Phrases

51. He doesn’t know what he’s going to do now
Identify the type of the clause
Noun clause Adverb clause
Relative ( adjective) clause
Clauses Phrases

52. He doesn’t know what he’s going to do now
Identify the type of the clause
Noun clause Adverb clause
Relative ( adjective) clause
Clauses Phrases

53. The kids who started out with the highest scores actually finished near the bottom.
Identify the type of the clause
Noun clause Adverb clause
Relative ( adjective) clause
Clauses Phrases

54. The kids who started out with the highest scores actually finished near the bottom.
Identify the type of the clause
Noun clause Adverb clause
Relative ( adjective) clause
Clauses Phrases

55. t history test, which was supposed to be so hard, turned out to be quite easy.
Identify the type of the clause
Noun clause Adverb clause
Relative ( adjective) clause
Clauses Phrases

56. t history test, which was supposed to be so hard, turned out to be quite easy.
Identify the type of the clause
Noun clause Adverb clause
Relative ( adjective) clause
Clauses Phrases

57. I won’t be able to go to college unless I get a good grade in chemistry.
Identify the type of the clause
Noun clause Adverb clause
Relative ( adjective) clause
Clauses Phrases

58. I won’t be able to go to college unless I get a good grade in chemistry.
Identify the type of the clause
Noun clause Adverb clause
Relative ( adjective) clause
Clauses Phrases

59. What I did yesterday is none of your business.
Identify the type of the clause
Noun clause Adverb clause
Relative ( adjective) clause
Clauses Phrases

60. What I did yesterday is none of your business.
Identify the type of the clause
Noun clause Adverb clause
Relative ( adjective) clause
Clauses Phrases

61. Whatever you want to do for your birthday is fine with me.
Identify the type of the clause
Noun clause Adverb clause
Relative ( adjective) clause
Clauses Phrases

62. Whatever you want to do for your birthday is fine with me.
Identify the type of the clause
Noun clause Adverb clause
Relative ( adjective) clause
Clauses Phrases

63. While the local people were trying to escape, the tsunami washed over their town.
Identify the type of the clause
Noun clause Adverb clause
Relative ( adjective) clause
Clauses Phrases

64. While the local people were trying to escape, the tsunami washed over their town.
Identify the type of the clause
Noun clause Adverb clause
Relative ( adjective) clause
Clauses Phrases

65. Dependent
(fragment)
Subordinate
independent
Noun
Verb
Preposition
Appositives
gerund
infinitive
Absolute
Clauses Phrases

66. Noun
Verb
Preposition
Appositives
gerund
infinitive
Absolute
Clauses Phrases

67. 1. Noun Phrase
A complete subject with all its modifiers
The frustrated, irritated teachers...
• Noun: teachers
• Modifiers: the, frustrated, irritated
Clauses Phrases

68. 2. Preposition
The frustrated, irritated teachers enrolled
in Mr. Ruff’s “ Grammar for Dummies” class.
• preposition - in
• object of the preposition - class
• modifiers – Mr. Ruff’s, “Grammar for Dummies”
Clauses Phrases

69. Identify the prepositional phrase & the word it modifies.
1. Students in my class are intelligent, lovely people.
2. My cat with the blue eyes is named Baby.
3. There was only enough room for you.
4. The pants with big pockets look weird.
Clauses Phrases

70. Identify the prepositional phrase & the word it modifies.
1. Students in my class are intelligent, lovely people.
2. My cat with the blue eyes is named Baby.
3. There was only enough room for you.
4. The pants with big pockets look weird.
Clauses Phrases

71. Identify the prepositional phrase & the word it modifies.
1. Students in my class are intelligent, lovely people.
2. My cat with the blue eyes is named Baby.
3. There was only enough room for you.
4. The pants with big pockets look weird.
Clauses Phrases

72. Identify the prepositional phrase & the word it modifies.
1. Students in my class are intelligent, lovely people.
2. My cat with the blue eyes is named Baby.
3. There was only enough room for you.
4. The pants with big pockets look weird.
Clauses Phrases

73. Identify the prepositional phrase & the word it modifies.
1. Students in my class are intelligent, lovely people.
2. My cat with the blue eyes is named Baby.
3. There was only enough room for you.
4. The pants with big pockets look weird.
Clauses Phrases

74. 3. Appositives
A noun phrase that renames the noun it follows.
Brad Ruff, the grammar guru, empowers teachers.
Clauses Phrases

75. 4. Verb phrase
Defined as a verb with all of its modifiers
…would like to improve her grammar skills.
• Verb phrase - would like to improve
Clauses Phrases

76. Noun VerbPrepositionAppositivesgerundinfinitiveAbsolute
Identify the type of phrase
As a souvenir, Mary bought herself a beautiful, oval-shaped, soft pink pearl.
Clauses Phrases

77. Noun VerbPrepositionAppositivesgerundinfinitiveAbsolute
Identify the type of phrase
As a souvenir, Mary bought herself a beautiful, oval-shaped, soft pink pearl.
Clauses Phrases

78. Noun VerbPrepositionAppositivesgerundinfinitiveAbsolute
Identify the type of phrase
Once at the beach, they all settled down on lounge chairs.
Clauses Phrases

79. Noun VerbPrepositionAppositivesgerundinfinitiveAbsolute
Identify the type of phrase
Once at the beach, they all settled down on lounge chairs.
Clauses Phrases

80. Noun VerbPrepositionAppositivesgerundinfinitiveAbsolute
Identify the type of phrase
Patricia would have gone for a walk to explore the surroundings had others
been interested.
Clauses Phrases

81. Noun VerbPrepositionAppositivesgerundinfinitiveAbsolute
Identify the type of phrase
Patricia would have gone for a walk to explore the surroundings had others
been interested.
Clauses Phrases

82. Dependent
(fragment)
Subordinate
independent
Noun
Verb
Preposition
Appositives
gerund
infinitive
Absolute
Clauses Phrases

83. Phrase
Not a full sentence
Not a
complete
thought
Prepositional phrase
Adjective phrase
Adverb phrase
Verb phrase
Can have
a subject
or a verb
or neither
Clause
Has a
subject
Has a
verb
Independent &
Dependent=Subordinate
Can
express a
complete
thought
Clauses Phrases
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84. Clauses Phrases
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85. Clauses Phrases
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