1. MTCS201: Next Generation Computer Networks
Compiled by: Shamikha Ali
Roll no: 2102-03
Semester: 2nd
Program: M.Tech CSE
Submitted to: Dr. Zahoor Ahmad Najar
Year: 2022
1
Internet Of Vehicles (IoV)
2. IoV (Internet of Vehicles)
■ The new era of the Internet of Things is driving the evolution of
conventional Vehicle Ad-hoc Networks into the Internet of Vehicles (IoV).
■ With the rapid development of computation and communication
technologies, IoV promises huge commercial interest and research value,
thereby attracting a large number of companies and researchers.
■ A VANET turns vehicles on the road into moving wireless access points.
Providing wireless connectivity to other vehicles (and humans) in their
vicinity.
3. ■ VANET turns every participating vehicle into a wireless router or mobile node,
enabling vehicles to connect to each other and, in turn, create a network with a
wide range.
■ Next, as vehicles fall out of the signal range and drop out of the network, other
vehicles can join in, connecting vehicles to one another to create a mobile Internet.
We determine that VANET only covers a very small mobile network that is subject
to mobility constraints and the number of connected vehicles.
■ Several characteristics of large cities, such as traffic jams, tall buildings, bad
driver behaviors, and complex road networks, further hinder its use.
■ Therefore, for VANET, the objects involved are temporary, random and unstable,
and the range of usage is local and discrete, i.e., VANET cannot provide whole
(global) and sustainable services/applications for customers.
4. ■ In contrast to VANET, IoV has two main technology directions: vehicle's
networking and vehicle's intelligent.
■ Vehicle's networking is consisting of VANET (also called vehicles'
interconnection), Vehicle Telematics (also called connected vehicles) and Mobile
Internet (vehicle is as a wheeled mobile terminal).
■ Vehicle's intelligence is that the integration of driver and vehicle as a unity is
more intelligent by using network technologies, which refers to the deep
learning, cognitive computing, swarm computing, artificial intelligence,etc
■ So, IoV focuses on the intelligent integration of humans, vehicles, things and
environments and is a larger network that provides services for large cities or
even a whole country. IoV is an open and integrated network system with high
manageability, controllable operation and credible and is composed of multiple
users, multiple vehicles, multiple things and multiple networks.
5. ■ The Internet of Vehicles is a communication system between vehicles and
public networks. This communication system gathers data about the movement
of vehicles, which can result in the creation pf different mobile application
services.
■ Many public transportation companies already use the by in order to check the
routes bus drivers use. This can also provide the users with practical
information such as the expected arrival time of buses to a particular stop.
■ The long-term goal of the Internet of Vehicles is a system of interconnected
cars that can drive autonomously by using data from the roads and other cars
on the road. Tesla, Apple's Carplay and Google's Android Auto are the first
steps towards this goal.
6. IoV architecture
■ IoV architecture consists of the three main layers:
Perception. It includes various sensors and devices used to collect data, as well as
hardware that makes the IoV infrastructure functional. The perception layer
contains smartphones, connected roadside units, the global ID terminal, vehicle
cameras, and so on.
Network. This layer is responsible for making connected vehicles visible on the
network and transmitting the information about road conditions, traffic, and driving
patterns to the AI system for processing. The most frequently used networks
for smart cars include WiFi, 4G/5G, WLAN, Bluetooth, and WAVE.
7. ■ Application. The application layer processes, stores, and applies the
gathered data. In autonomous vehicles, it’s responsible for identifying
people and other nearby connected cars, and sending commands to the
car’s accelerator, brakes, and engine. It is also a vital part of all software
solutions and services for commuters, drivers, and pedestrians
■ Important aspects when we look at evolution of IoV : layered architecture
and protocol stack
■ Network model of IoV (cloud , connection , client)
8. ■ 5 types of vehicular communication :
■ Vehicular to vehicular (V to V)
■ Vehicular to Road side (V to RS)
■ Vehicular to infrastructure cellular network (V to I)
■ Vehicular to personnel devices (V to P)
■ Vehicular to sensors (V to S)
9.
10.
11. Application
■ Passenger Safely
■ Collision Detection or Collision Warning
■ Autonomous Driving
■ Smooth coordination of vehicles through intersections
■ Provide improvements in fuel efficie9cy, vehicle wearing, travel time and
traffic flow.
