This is the Seminar presentation on Internet of vehicles, Vehicular Social Networks and Cybersecurity which is presented by me in the Final year of my Graduation. In this ppt the topic is explain briefly as a introduction, because of this is still in research so any new thing can be added anytime.

1. INTERNET OF VEHICLES,
VEHICULAR SOCIAL NETWORKS
& CYBERSECURITY
PRESENTED BY:
SHAMBHU RAM
GUIDED BY:
DR. OMKAR PATTNAIK

2. CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION TO IOV
2. PRINCIPLE
3. VEHICULAR SOCIAL NETWORKS
4. ARCHITECTURE OF IOV
5. APPLICATION OF IOV
6. ISSUES AND CHALENGES
7. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF VSN
8. APPLICATION OF VSN
9. CONCLUSION
10.REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION TO IOV
As vehicles evolve from simple transportation means to smart entities with sensing and
communication capabilities, they become an integral part of a smart city. Smart vehicles exhibit
five features:
self-driving, safety driving, social driving, electric vehicles, and mobile Applications. The Internet
of things (IoT) is a global network connecting smart objects and enabling them to communicate
with each other. Whenever those smart objects being connected over Internet are exclusively
vehicles, then IoT becomes Internet of Vehicles (IoV). Thus, IoV is an extended application of IoT
in intelligent transportation

4. PRINCIPLE
A vehicle will be A sensor platform, absorbing information from the environment,
from other vehicles, from the driver and using it for safe navigation, pollution
control, and traffic management.
The internet of vehicles (iov) consists of vehicles that communicate with each
other as well as with handheld devices carried by pedestrians, roadside units
(rsus), and the public networks using V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), V2R (vehicle-to-
road), V2H (vehicle-to-human) and V2S (vehicle-to-sensor) interconnectivity
thereby creating A social network where the participants are intelligent objects
rather than the human beings. This leads to emergence of social internet of
vehicles (siov). Siov is essentially A vehicular instance of the social iot (siot). IOV
may be regarded as A superset of vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) which
originated from mobile ad-hoc network (MANET). It extends vanet’s scale, structure
and applications

5. VEHICULAR SOCIAL NETWORKS
Vehicular transportation is an essential part of modern cities. However, the ever-increasing
numbers of road accidents, traffic congestions, and other such issues become obstacles for
the realization of smart cities. As the integration of internet of vehicles and social networks,
vehicular social networks (vsns) are promising to solve the above-mentioned problems by
enabling smart mobility in modern cities, which are likely to save the way for sustainable
development by promoting transportation efficiency. Vehicular social network (vsn) deeply
integrates social networks and internet of vehicles (iovs). Recently, vehicular
communication networks are at the turning point, whose application targets are transforming
from road traffic safety and transportation efficiency to vsns, which can provide
comprehensive social services for citizens. Various leading IT companies are entering
this area. For instance, apple launched the vehicle system “carplay” in march 2014, by which
users can participate in social activities easily and safely. Google joined into the
development of vsns by releasing the product of “andriod auto” in june 2014.

6. ARCHITECTURE OF IOV
A typical IoV architecture consists of three layers as shown in Figure:

7. Perception layer: This layer contains all the sensors within the vehicle that gather
environmental data and detect specific events of interest such as driving patterns and
vehicle situations, environmental conditions, etc. It also has radio frequency
identification (RFID, satellite positioning perception, roads environment perception,
vehicle position perception, car and objects perception, etc.
Network layer: This is the communication layer that ensures connectivity to
communications networks such as GSM, G5, wimax, WLAN, wi-fi, and bluetooth. It
supports different wireless communication modes such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V),
vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P). And vehicle-to-sensor
(V2S).
Application layer: This layer includes statistics tools, support for storage, and
processing infrastructure. It is responsible for storage, analysis, processing, and
decision making about different risk situations such as traffic congestion, bad weather,
etc. It represents smart applications, traffic safety, efficiency, and multimedia based
infotainment.

8. APPLICATIONS
Safe Driving: This refers to cooperative collision and provides warning to the
driver. This application involves periodical status messages and emergence
messages. An emergency message is triggered by emergence event such as
traffic jam, accident, bad road condition.
Traffic Control: Iov will bring about fundamental changes to urban
congestion management, transport and logistic, urban traffic, and our collective
lifestyle.
Crash Response: Connected cars can automatically send real-time data
about a crash along with vehicle location. To emergency teams. This can save
lives by accelerating emergency response.
IoV has diverse applications which include:

9. ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Challenges facing iov and slowing down its adoption include big data,
security, privacy, reliability, mobility, and standards. These issues should be
addressed to make iov very reliable and widely adopted.
Big data: A major challenge is the processing and storage of big data created
in IoV due to the large number of connected vehicles. For example, driverless
cars are expected to process 1 GB of data per second. Mobile cloud computing
and big data analytics will play important role in handling the big data.
Security & Privacy: Since IoV involves integrating many different
technologies, services and standards, there is the need for data security. As an
open, public network, IoV is a target for intrusions and cyber-attacks that may
lead to physical damage and privacy leakages.

10. ROLE OF CYBER-SECURITY
Due to the idea of smart cities and technological advancements, we have seen a revolution in the
way we drive our vehicles. Vehicle cyber-security consists of the security of vehicles, its networks and
communications, and steps taken to avoid the exploitation of the software, hardware and the
communication networks which are within the vehicle.
Currently, modern vehicles have a group of sensors which are responsible for undertaking various
tasks, such as checking inter-vehicle distance and road conditions, smoke and fire detection, vehicle
acceleration/deceleration system, obstacle detection radar, and so on. Intra-vehicle attacks are
detrimental to safety and security of the driver and the vehicle, that is, misleading a sensor may harm
the vehicle and/or the driver. For instance, disabling the braking system or the steering wheel by an
attacker in an autonomous vehicle may endanger the driver’s life.
Cyber attackers may cause devastating effects by exploiting vulnerable connection points or
manipulating various vehicular data streams. For instance, even MP3 files can infect the whole
network of cars very quickly.14 once the malicious users get control of the data system of the car
using malwares or any other means, they can manipulate various subsystems of the vehicle, such as
the steering wheel, safety system, braking system.
Because of the broadcast nature of the iov, cars will be easy to target and because of the
continuous movement, it will be harder to track the attacker, so we must have a secure protocol and a
mechanism that allows the cars to communicate safely and privately.

11. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF
VSNS

12. The bottom level embraces the communication networks among vehicles and smart
terminals, and can be viewed as a social network including physical communities. The
spatiotemporal properties are critical for social relationship construction in vsns since vehicles
connect each other when
they encounter each other on the road. Meanwhile, the virtual social networks are constructed by
mobile users in the light of their inherent social ties on the upper level. In vsns, the smart devices
can be embedded into on-board units, road side units (rsus), and pedestrians. Individuals
communicate with each other by exploiting social behaviors, which support various wireless
communication technologies and enable communication at close proximities. Interactions
among these devices/users can be divided into three types: human-to-human, humans-to-
machines, and machine-to-machine. The architecture of vsns is flexible, including:
1) centralized architecture, where a centralized server manages the system enabling V2I
communication;
2) decentralized architecture, where V2V communication is carried out opportunistically via DSRC
or WAVE; and
3) hybrid architecture, where users can be connected to the internet via cellular networks like
3G/4G
through rsus.

13. APPLICATIONS OF VSNS
The traditional applications of vsns mainly focus on Safety-related and entertainment-based applications.
The Former concentrates on enhancing the safety on roads to lower The probability of road accidents
according to the information Of vehicle’s position, speed, direction, and so on. The latter Focuses on sharing
and downloading of multimedia services Based on user’s interest.

14. CONCLUSION
Internet of vehicles (iov) is a special application of internet of things. It has become an
indispensable platform with information interaction among vehicles, humans, and road-
side infrastructures. It has attracted a lot of attention. The notion of iov is no longer a
matter of IT applications in the automotive industry; it has become a national and global
concern. With time iov will become important part of us and make intelligent
transportation systems do without traffic lights, road accidents, and other related
problems. It will make millions of people enjoy more convenient, comfortable, and safe
traffic service. Vsns can be Regarded as the integration of social networks and iovs to
Improve the quality of life for citizens, the avenues of VSN Studies are not flat, and many
open issues are still ahead. We Believe that vsns will draw extensive attentions and
research Efforts in the near future as the integrations of informationTechnology and social
network services become more Compacted.

15. REFERENCES
1. L. A. MAGLARAS ET AL., “SOCIAL INTERNET OF VEHICLES FOR SMART
CITIES,” JOURNAL OF SENSOR AND ACTUATOR NETWORKS, VOL. 5, NO.
3, 2016.
2. WWW.RESEARCHGATE.NET/PUBLICATION/323595090_INTERNET_OF_VEH
ICLES_AN_INTRODUCTION.
3. WWW.RESEARCHGATE.NET/PUBLICATION/316894938_VEHICULAR_SOCIA
L_NETWORKS_ENABLING_SMART_MOBILITY.
4. A. VEGNI AND V. LOSCRÍ. A SURVEY ON VEHICULAR SOCIAL NETWORKS,
IEEE COMMUNICATION SURVEYS & TUTORIALS, VOL. 17, NO. 4, 2015, PP.
2397-2419.
5. WWW.IRJET.NET/ARCHIVES/V6/I9/IRJET-
V6I958.PDF(INTERNATIONALRESEARCH JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY (IRJET)).
6. M. HASHEM EIZA AND Q. NI. DRIVING WITH SHARKS: RETHINKING
CONNECTED VEHICLES WITH VEHICLE CYBER SECURITY. IEEE

17. THANK YOU