The document discusses Internet of Vehicles (IoV) and provides information on the group members working on the project. It describes how IoV evolves from Internet of Things and Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks to connect vehicles to each other and infrastructure. The document outlines the communication architectures and types of vehicular communication in IoV. It also discusses the layered architecture and protocol stack of IoV as well as challenges and the future potential of IoV.

2. GROUP MEMBERS
MUHAMMAD WASEEM CIIT/SP-15-BEE-040/ATK
JAWAD ALI CITT/SP15-BEE-019/ATK
AKBAR ALI CITT/SP-15-BEE-023/ATK
BILAL SARWAR CIIT/SP-15-BEE-013/ATK

3. Internet of Vehicle (IoV)
Background:
Internet of things changing the existing areas into new themes smart industry, smart
health, smart home and smart transport .
The new era of the Internet of Things is driving the evolution of conventional
Vehicle Networks into the Internet of Vehicles (IoV).
Being in generation of Internet connectivity, there is a need to stay in safe and hassle
free environment.
According to recent predictions, 25 billion “things” will be connected to the Internet
by 2020, of which vehicles will constitute a significant portion.

5. From VANET to Internet of Vehicles (IoV)
 Internet of Vehicles (IoV) evolves as a new theme of research and development
from Internet of things(IOT’s) and vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs).
Concept of VANET (vehicular ad hoc network)
VANET consists of a network of vehicles, moving at a relatively high speed that
communicate with each other, the main purpose of VANET to improve security on
road.
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are created by applying the principles of
mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) - the spontaneous creation of a wireless network
for data exchange - to the domain of vehicles.
 Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks. When principles of MANET are applied in domain of
vehicles, they form VANETs. A generic term used to define VANETs is inter-vehicle
communication (IVC). The vehicles are fitted with sensors. These sensors interact
with the sensors of other vehicles or the infrastructure present outside.

6. A form of mobile ad hoc network, to provide communications among nearby vehicles
and between vehicles and nearby fixed equipment, usually described as roadside equipment.
Communication architecture of VANET
 Vehicular environment based (WAVE) WiFi
 Ad hoc architecture
 Hybrid
VANET has two types of Vehicular communication
 vehicular to vehicular (V2V)
 vehicular to road side ( V2Rs)
Issues of VANET
 commercialization issue
 Internet connectivity could not be guarantee
 No compatible network architecture so devices are not able to communicate
 Accuracy of service in ITS application is significantly lower
 Volume of growing traffic capacity

7. Why IoV
IoV is evolving from VANET to achieve vision of smartphone to smart car.
IoV promises advanced features, all these can be considered as well as challenges
IoV business oriented architecture high opportunities for various apps
e.g safety, traffic, optimization and efficiency.
Impostant aspects when we look at evolution of IoV
Five layered architecture and protocol stack
Network model of IoV (cloud , connection , client)
Benefits of IoV over VANET

8.  5 types of vehicular communication
 Vehicular to vehicular (V to V)
Vehicular to Road side (V to RS)
Vehicular to infrastructure cellular network (V to I)
Vehicular to personnel devices (V to P)
Vehicular to sensors (V to S)

9. Layered architecture and protocol stack of IoV
The layered architecture design of a universal network which includes heterogeneous
networks is a quite challenging task. It requires to identify and effectively group
similar functionalities and representative elements of heterogeneous networks as a
layer.

10. Difference Between IoV and VANET
A VANET turns vehicles on the road into moving wireless access points. Providing
wireless connectivity to other vehicles (and humans) in their vicinity.
IoV expands on this concept to turn every vehicle into a smart node on the highway,
with its own compute, storage and networking capability. Much like a smart phone.
VANET is focused on providing network infrastructure, while IoV is a little
more full stack.

11. Challenges and Problems

12. Future aspects of IoV
The future aspects of IoV is brighter with the assumption that the challenges and
Issues would be resolved.
Online Vehicle
Each vehicle would be online right from the completion of manufacturing up to the
usage by customers. Most of the services related to vehicle would be available online.
The services include status of vehicles, annual inspection report by authority, road tax
payment status, repair or service history, etc. The management cost of vehicle would
be drastically reduced. This is due to the online availability and timely intimation of
service related.
Global Internet ID
Each vehicle would have a uniquely identifiable number in Internet which is a
prerequisite for online presence of vehicles. The global Internet ID would eliminate the
need of GPS based vehicle identification approach.

13. RFID+GPS
RFID based secure identification of global ID and GPS based real time positioning
would redefine the performance of protocols. The protocol performance has considerable
impact on overall performance of ITS applications. Therefore, it would result in
improved customer experience and traffic management
On Road Internet
The reliable Internet services in vehicles would add new devices in on-line cyberspace in
large volume. This is due to the inclusion of all on-road vehicles. This will open new
research and development themes in protecting online privacy and generating trusted ID.
Big Business Data
The cloud based integration of heterogeneous networks with vehicular network would
result as a huge data resource. The resource could be utilized in productive manner with
wide range of businesses including automobile, Internet, insurance and market analysis.
Management of big business data would be significantly challenging in IoV in terms of
cloud based storage, processing and digital distribution.

14. Smart Terminal
Machine-to-machine communication based smart terminals would be on demand for both
in-vehicle and handset usage. The terminals would be capable to provide most of the
location based services by collaborating with IoV.
Car Payment
Unique cyber space identity would enable car payment. The information of driver or owner
of vehicle and would become an alternative of mobile payment. It would be a significant
step in terms of acquisition of economic identity by vehicles. Car payment would enhance
efficiency of traffic management. This would be in terms of hassle free toll collection, fuel
refilling, parking collection, road tax collection, and even payment for service and
management.