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Prepared by
ANURODH KUMAR
A.P(EC)
Sistec-E Bhopal
SISTEC-E
◦ Function Generators can produce Square, Triangular and
Sinusoidal waveforms over a wide range of frequencies and
amplitudes as well as modulated waveforms (AM, FM, FSK)
and signal noise.
 Why a Function Generator?
◦ Essential tool in Electrical Engineering
◦ Can be implemented with basic inexpensive components
◦ Most circuits needed have a direct relevance to the course
 Project Objectives
◦ To build a low-cost Function Generator capable of:
 Producing Square, Triangular and Sine waveforms with
amplitude control
 adjusting the waveform frequencies up to 1 MHz or
higher
 The function generator should be low cost
SISTEC-E
 In this Presentation we will talk about:
◦ The Design
◦ Performance & Results
◦ Advantages & Disadvantages (Conclusion)
SISTEC-E
 Block Diagram
◦ Voltage Controlled
Oscillator (VCO)
◦ Level Detector
◦ Sine Shaping Circuit
◦ Output stage
(Variable Power
Amplifier)
Voltage
Controlled
Oscillator
Level
Detector
Sine Shaping
Circuit
Amplifier
Stage
Voltage
Controlled
Oscillator
Level
Detector
Sine Shaping
Circuit
Amplifier
Stage
SISTEC-E
 Wien Bridge Sine
Oscillator
 Compensated Triangle
Oscillator Using LM6365
 Triangle Oscillator with
double Detector Circuit
 Crystal Oscillator
Voltage
Controlled
Oscillator
Level
Detector
Sine Shaping
Circuit
Amplifier
Stage
Simplified Triangle Oscillator with single voltage detector
(Final VCO based on this circuit)
SISTEC-E
Voltage
Controlled
Oscillator
Level
Detector
Sine Shaping
Circuit
Amplifier
Stage
 Wien Bridge Sine
Oscillator
 Compensated Triangle
Oscillator Using
LM6365
 Triangle Oscillator with
double Detector Circuit
 Crystal Oscillator
Simplified Triangle Oscillator with single voltage detector
Final Selection
SISTEC-E
Voltage
Controlled
Oscillator
Level
Detector
Sine Shaping
Circuit
Amplifier
Stage
 Overdriven CA3080
 Breakpoint Sine Shaper
 BJT non-linear amplifier
SISTEC-E
Voltage
Controlled
Oscillator
Level
Detector
Sine Shaping
Circuit
Amplifier
Stage
 Variable Inverting
Amplifier with
Offset Adjustment
SISTEC-E
 Waveforms Produced
◦ Triangular, Square and Sinusoidal
 Overall Frequency Range: 4 Hz – 1.3 MHz
 Practical Frequency Range:
◦ Triangle: 4 Hz to 500 kHz
◦ Square: 4 Hz to 1.3 MHz & up
◦ Sine: 30 kHz to 1.3 MHz & up (independent)
◦ Sine: 30 kHz to 500 kHz (dependent)
SISTEC-E
 Duty Cycle Adjustment: 1% - 80%
 Amplitude Control: 0 V – 26 V p-p
 DC Offset Control: 0V - +/- 5 V
 THD of Sinewave:
◦ 0.768 % at 500 kHz, 50% D.C.
◦ 0.878 % at 10 kHz, 50% D.C.
◦ 1.155 % at 1.0 MHz, 50% D.C.
SISTEC-E
SISTEC-E

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Build Low-Cost Function Generator

  • 2. ◦ Function Generators can produce Square, Triangular and Sinusoidal waveforms over a wide range of frequencies and amplitudes as well as modulated waveforms (AM, FM, FSK) and signal noise.  Why a Function Generator? ◦ Essential tool in Electrical Engineering ◦ Can be implemented with basic inexpensive components ◦ Most circuits needed have a direct relevance to the course  Project Objectives ◦ To build a low-cost Function Generator capable of:  Producing Square, Triangular and Sine waveforms with amplitude control  adjusting the waveform frequencies up to 1 MHz or higher  The function generator should be low cost SISTEC-E
  • 3.  In this Presentation we will talk about: ◦ The Design ◦ Performance & Results ◦ Advantages & Disadvantages (Conclusion) SISTEC-E
  • 4.  Block Diagram ◦ Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) ◦ Level Detector ◦ Sine Shaping Circuit ◦ Output stage (Variable Power Amplifier) Voltage Controlled Oscillator Level Detector Sine Shaping Circuit Amplifier Stage Voltage Controlled Oscillator Level Detector Sine Shaping Circuit Amplifier Stage SISTEC-E
  • 5.  Wien Bridge Sine Oscillator  Compensated Triangle Oscillator Using LM6365  Triangle Oscillator with double Detector Circuit  Crystal Oscillator Voltage Controlled Oscillator Level Detector Sine Shaping Circuit Amplifier Stage Simplified Triangle Oscillator with single voltage detector (Final VCO based on this circuit) SISTEC-E
  • 6. Voltage Controlled Oscillator Level Detector Sine Shaping Circuit Amplifier Stage  Wien Bridge Sine Oscillator  Compensated Triangle Oscillator Using LM6365  Triangle Oscillator with double Detector Circuit  Crystal Oscillator Simplified Triangle Oscillator with single voltage detector Final Selection SISTEC-E
  • 7. Voltage Controlled Oscillator Level Detector Sine Shaping Circuit Amplifier Stage  Overdriven CA3080  Breakpoint Sine Shaper  BJT non-linear amplifier SISTEC-E
  • 9.  Waveforms Produced ◦ Triangular, Square and Sinusoidal  Overall Frequency Range: 4 Hz – 1.3 MHz  Practical Frequency Range: ◦ Triangle: 4 Hz to 500 kHz ◦ Square: 4 Hz to 1.3 MHz & up ◦ Sine: 30 kHz to 1.3 MHz & up (independent) ◦ Sine: 30 kHz to 500 kHz (dependent) SISTEC-E
  • 10.  Duty Cycle Adjustment: 1% - 80%  Amplitude Control: 0 V – 26 V p-p  DC Offset Control: 0V - +/- 5 V  THD of Sinewave: ◦ 0.768 % at 500 kHz, 50% D.C. ◦ 0.878 % at 10 kHz, 50% D.C. ◦ 1.155 % at 1.0 MHz, 50% D.C. SISTEC-E