ppt on industrial training

1. INDUSTRIAL
TRAINING` ON
VISAKHAPATNAM
PORT TRUST

2. GOVT.POLYTECHNIC SRIKAKULAM
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the industrial training report on
“VISAKHAPATNAM PORT TRUST (V.P.T)”
Venkateshwara swamy temple,old post office,Visakhapatnam-01.
The bonafied student of D.M.E, GOVT. Polytechnic, Srikakulam. As they
have undergone industrial training from 22nd may to 21st nov 2014.
DONE BY :-
AYAZ LIAQAAT

3. INTRODUCTION
Visakhapatnam was an ancient Port city which had trade relations with the Middle
East and Rome. Ships were anchored at open roads and were loaded with cargo
transported from Visakhapatnam shore by means of small Masula boats. A
reference to Vizagapatam merchant is available in the inscriptions of Sri
Bheemeswara Swamy temple (1068 AD), East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh.
During 12th century AD, Vizagapatam was a fortified merchandize town managed
by a guild. It has become a settlement of a branch of East India Company in 1682.
Rs. 83 lakh worth of goods were moved through Vizagapatam / Bhimunipatnam in
1882-83.
Principal commodities traded at anchorage Port included Muslin cloth -
manufactured at Uppada (East Godavari District), Manganese ore - exports to UK
and USA, Oilseeds, jaggery, jute and indigo, hides and skins. Extensive trade
relations existed with Burma. Vessels of British India Steam Navigation Company
regularly visited the Port.
With the advent of British Rule, in 1858, the need for a port in this part of the
country was emphasized in a report of a British Survey Party. Later in 1877 a
report called Vizag the Port of Central Provinces further emphasized the need for
construction of a Port at Visakhapatnam. It was only after the I World War (1914-
18) that the proposal of Col.H.Cartwright Reid of British Admiralty for construction
of a harbour at Visakhapatnam at the mouth of river Meghadrigedda was

4. DOCKYARD WORK SHOP
 The dockyard work shop mainly consist
of the following shops :-
 1.MACHINE SHOP
 2.WELDING SHOP
 3.FITTING SHOP
 4.BLACK SMITH SHOP

5. MACHINE SHOP
 Manufacturing is the main activity of making goods
and articles by hand or machine.
 It is concerned with transformation raw materials
into finished products.
 The lathe is the most important of all machines
tools employed in industrial or work shop. the
machine shop is the heart of PWS and holds the
chief role in PWS.numeroius works are handled
here which include-production of
flanges,bushes,break shoes, gear wheel
,shafts,couplings,bolts,nuts etc…….

6.  Working Principle: The lathe is a machine
tool which holds the work piece between two rigid
and strong supports called centers or in a chuck or
face plate which revolves. The cutting tool is rigidly
held and supported in a tool post which is fed
against the revolving work. The normal cutting
operations are performed with the cutting tool fed
either parallel or at right angles to the axis of the
work.
 The cutting tool may also be fed at an angle relative
to the axis of work for machining tapers and angles.

7. LATHE MACHINE

8. THE SHAPING MACHINE
 A shaping machine is used to machine surfaces. It can cut curves, angles and
many other shapes. It is a popular machine in a workshop because its
movement is very simple although it can produce a variety of work.
 Shaping machines come in a range of sizes but the most common size is seen
below.


9. PLAINNING MACHINE
 A planer is a type of metalworking machine tool that
uses linear relative motion between the workpiece and
a single-point cutting tool to machine a linear toolpath. Its
cut is analogous to that of a lathe, except that it is
(archetypally) linear instead of helical. (Adding axes of
motion can yield helical toolpaths; see "Helical planing"
below.) A planer is analogous to a shaper, but larger, and
with the entire workpiece moving on a table beneath the
cutter, instead of the cutter riding a ram that moves above a
stationary workpiece. The table is moved back and forth on
the bed beneath the cutting head either by mechanical
means, such as a rack and pinion drive or aleadscrew, or by
a hydraulic cylinder.

11. DRILLING MACHINE
 Drilling is a cutting process that uses a drill bit to
cut or enlarge a hole of circular cross-section in
solid materials. The drill bit is a rotary cutting tool,
often multipoint. The bit is pressed against the
workpiece and rotated at rates from hundreds to
thousands of revolutions per minute. This forces
the cutting edge against the workpiece, cutting
off chips (swarf) from the hole as it is drilled.

12. DRILLING MACHINE

13. WELDING
 DEFINATION:-
 Welding is the process of making a permanent joint by
establishing inter-atomic bonds between two or more pieces
of metal by using heat or pressure.
 APPLICATION:-
 Welding finds wide spread application in almost all branches
of industry .
 It is extensively employed in the fabrication erection of steel
structure. Metal pieces are welded to produce desired
shapes. welding is also used as an means of repairing
broken parts.

14. TYPES OF WELDING
 1.arc welding
 2.gas welding
 3.soldering
 4.brazing

15. ARC WELDING
Arc welding is based upon the formation
of an electrical arc between a
consumable electrode and the base

16. GAS WELDING
In gas welding the heat necessary for melting the
base metal and filler rod is obtained by gas flame.

17. SOLDERING
Soldering is a process of joining metals by
the use of filler metal of low melting point
(450’c ).

18. SAFETY DEVICES
 1. Face shields.
 2.Hand gloves.
 3.Apron.
 4.Safety goggles.
 5.safety boots.
 6.spats.

19. HEARTH
The forge or hearth is needed for heating metals in the
force the metals are heated to plastic state for hammering
them into desired shape.

20. HAND TOOLS
1.Anvil.
2.Swage block.
3.Tongs.
4.Hammers.

21. FLOATING CRAFT
 Floating craft is another important section in VPT. It is situated in
between inner and outer harbor.
 In our port, there are about 8 tugs grasp hopper digger and fire fighter in
use, there names are as follows.
 1.T.T.JHANSI RANI
 2.T.T.SWARNA
 3.T.T.NATRAVATI
 4.T.T.SAHAY
 5.T.T.SWATANTRA
 6.T.T.MAHATMA
 7.T.T.VAJRA
 8.T.T.PATEL
 9.G.H.D.SAGAR DURGA
 10. FIRE FIGHTERS

22. ENGINE ROOM OF THE TUG
 The various machines in engine room of the tug are:-
 1.Engines
 2.Generators
 3.Pumps
 4.Air compressor
 5.Voith
 6.Air blowers
 7.Diesel service tanks
 8.Gear box
 9.Air storage cylinder for air compressor
 10.Sea valves
 11.Sounding pipes
 12.Lube oil filters
 13.Governer

23. BASIC ENGINE PARTS
There are 3 parts mainly
 1.cylinder head
 2.cylinder block
 3.crank case
 4.combustion chamber

24. CYLINDER HEAD
CYLINDER HEADS
Cylinder head is made up of cast iron or aluminum alloy.
its closes the cylinder head at one end it provides space
for combustion chamber, it accommodate injector, spark
plug , valve, manifold, decompression lever.

25. CYLINDRICAL BLOCK

26. PISTON PARTS
1.piston head
2.ring grove
3.piston bore
4.piston skirt
5.oil drain hole

28. Connecting rods may also convert rotating motion into
reciprocating motion. Historically, before the development of
engines, they were first used in this way.
As a connecting rod is rigid, it may transmit either a push or
a pull and so the rod may rotate the crank through both
halves of a revolution, i.e. piston pushing and piston pulling.
Earlier mechanisms, such as chains, could only pull. In a
few two-stroke engines, the connecting rod is only required
to push.
Today, connecting rods are best known through their use in
internal combustion piston engines, such as automotive
engines. These are of a distinctly different design from
earlier forms of connecting rods, used in steam engines and
CONNECTING ROD

30. CRANK SHAFT
 A crankshaft—related to crank—is a mechanical part able to
perform a conversion between reciprocating motion and rotational
motion. In a reciprocating engine, it translates reciprocating
motion of the piston into rotational motion; whereas in
a reciprocating compressor, it converts the rotational motion into
reciprocating motion. In order to do the conversion between two
motions, the crankshaft has "crank throws" or "crankpins",
additional bearing surfaces whose axis is offset from that of the
crank, to which the "big ends" of the connecting rods from each
cylinder attach.
 It is typically connected to a flywheel to reduce the pulsation
characteristic of the four-stroke cycle, and sometimes a torsional
or vibrational damper at the opposite end, to reduce the torsional
vibrations often caused along the length of the crankshaft by the
cylinders farthest from the output end acting on the torsional
elasticity of the metal.

31. (black)

32. FLY WHEEL
 A flywheel is a rotating mechanical device that
is used to store rotational energy. Flywheels
have a significant moment of inertia and thus
resist changes in rotational speed. The amount
of energy stored in a flywheel is proportional to
the square of its rotational speed. Energy is
transferred to a flywheel by applying torque to it,
thereby increasing its rotational speed, and
hence its stored energy. Conversely, a flywheel
releases stored energy by applying torque to a
mechanical load, thereby decreasing its
rotational speed.

34. CAM SHAFT
 A camshaft is a shaft to which a cam is fastened or of which a cam
forms an integral part.

35. ENGINE IN CYLINDER TUG
 Specification of the engine:-
 1.Type of the engine
 2.B.H.P of the engine
 3.Speed(in r.p.m)
 4.Temperature of the engine
 5.Name of the manufactures

36. PUMPS
 The various type of pumps incorporated in the tugs
are:-
 1.fresh water pumps
 2.sea water pump
 3.general pump
 4.lube oil pump
 5.bigle pump
 6. cooling pump

37. FRESH WATER PUMP
 The pumping of water is a basic and practical
technique, far more practical than scooping it up with
one's hands or lifting it in a hand-held bucket. This is
true whether the water is drawn from a fresh source,
moved to a needed location, purified, or used
for irrigation, washing, or sewage treatment, or for
evacuating water from an undesirable location.
Regardless of the outcome, the energy required
to pump water is an extremely demanding component
of water consumption. All other processes depend or
benefit either from water descending from a higher
elevation or some pressurized plumbing system.

39. SEA WATER PUMP
 Deep water source cooling (DWCS)
or deep water air cooling is a form of air
cooling for process and comfort space
cooling which uses a renewable, large body
of naturally cold water as a heat sink. It uses
water at 4 to 10 degrees Celsius drawn from
deep areas within lakes, oceans, aquifers or
rivers, which is pumped through the one side
of a heat exchanger. On the other side of the
heat exchanger, cooled water is produced.

40. OIL PUMP
 The oil pump in an internal combustion
engine circulates engine oil under pressure to the
rotating bearings, the sliding pistons and the
camshaft of the engine. This lubricates the bearings,
allows the use of higher-capacity fluid bearings and
also assists in cooling the engine.
 As well as its primary purpose for lubrication,
pressurized oil is increasingly used as a hydraulic
fluid to power small actuators. One of the first notable
uses in this way was for hydraulic tappets in camshaft
and valve actuation. Increasingly common recent
uses may include the tensioner for a timing
belt or variators for variable valve timing systems.

42. BILGE PUMP
 A bilge pump is a water pump used to remove bilge
water. Since fuel can be present in the bilge, electric
bilge pumps are designed to not cause sparks.
Electric bilge pumps are often fitted with float
switches which turn on the pump when the bilge fills
to a set level. Since bilge pumps can fail, use of a
backup pump is often advised. The primary pump is
normally located at the lowest point of the bilge, while
the secondary pump would be located somewhat
higher. This ensures that the secondary pump
activates only when the primary pump is
overwhelmed or fails, and keeps the secondary pump
free of the debris in the bilge that tends to clog the
primary pump.

44. AIR COMPRESSORS
 An air compressor is a device that converts
power (usually from an electric motor, a
diesel engine or a gasoline engine) into
kinetic energy by compressing and
pressurizing air, which, on command, can be
released in quick bursts. There are numerous
methods of air compression, divided into
either positive-displacement or negative-
displacement types.

46. AIR BLOWERS
 Compressed air energy storage is a way
to store energy generated at one time for use at
another time using compressed air. At utility
scale, energy generated during periods of low
energy demand (off-peak) can be released to
meet higher demand (peak load) periods. Small
scale systems have long been used in such
applications as propulsion of mine locomotives.
Large scale applications must conserve the heat
energy associated with compressing air;
dissipating heat lowers the energy efficiency of
the storage system.

48. TURBO CHARGER
 Turbo-diesel, also written
as turbodiesel and turbo diesel refers to
any diesel engine equipped with
a turbocharger. Turbo charging is common in
modern car and truck diesel engines to
produce higher power outputs, lower
emissions levels, and improved efficiency
from a similar capacity of engine.Turbo-
diesels in automobiles offer a higher
refinement levels than their naturally
aspirated counterparts.

50. AIR STORAGE CYLINDER
 Compressed air energy storage is a way
to store energy generated at one time for use at
another time using compressed air. At utility
scale, energy generated during periods of low
energy demand (off-peak) can be released to
meet higher demand (peak load) periods. Small
scale systems have long been used in such
applications as propulsion of mine locomotives.
Large scale applications must conserve the heat
energy associated with compressing air;
dissipating heat lowers the energy efficiency of
the storage system.

52. CONCLUSION
 The objective of the industrial training is to expose the
student to industrial atmosphere for better understanding of
the basic structure of the organization and prevailing
working environment in the industry.
 During my training at VISAKHAPATNAM PORT TRUST , I
worked at different sections at acquired knowledge
regarding variety of equipments, machinery and their
functioning pattern.
 I learnt the importance of co-ordination between supervisors
and sub-ordinates for smooth functioning of the industry . I
also developed my communication skills and personal
characteristics.
 I conclude that this industrial training helped me a lot in
developing my technical knowledge , self confidence &
moral strength.