Elements of Machine Dynamics & Design

1. Assignment Topic: Use of Springs in Different Machine & Parts
Course Title : Elements Of machine Dynamics & Design
Course Code : TE-334
Submitted To:
Mr. A.B.M. Rezaul Islam
Lecturer
Department of Textile Engineering
Daffodil International University
Submitted By :
Name: Md. Robiul Islam
ID NO : 153-23-4464
Section : A(Evening)
Department of Textile Engineering
Daffodil International University

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The success and final outcome of this assignment required a guidance and assistance and I
extremely fortunate to have got this completion of my assignment work. Whatever I have
done is only due to such guidance and assistance and I would not forget to thank him. I
respect and thank Mr. A.B.M. Rezaul Islam for giving me an opportunity to do this
assignment work and providing me all support and guidance which made me complete the
assignment on time, I extremely grateful to him for providing such a nice support and
guidance. Last but not least, I would like to express my gratitude to my friends and
respondents for support and willingness to spend some time with me. I am also thankful to
Allah for showing me the right path and being in my difficulty.

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ABSTRACT
I do my assignment about use of springs in different machine & parts. I do this assignment
for get knowledge about machine parts and it will be more helpful for use of springs in
different machine & parts. I do this assignment by the help of use internet, many websites
link and books. It will be very helpful for me. In this assignment discus about use of springs
in different machine & parts.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:………………….. Page-II
ABSTRACT : ………………………………..Page-III
CHAPTER-1: INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER-2: DESCRIPTION OF THE ASSIGNMENT
CHAPTER-3: CONCLUSION AND REFFERENCE

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LIST OF FIGURE:
Figure-1
Figure-2
Figure-3
Figure-4
Figure-5
Figure-5
Figure-6

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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Industrial springs are one of the most popular hardware in use today. There are a variety of
different industrial springs available in the market. Each of these springs have specific
characteristics, as well as applications. This means selecting them can be a tricky task with
such an abundance of variety. A wrong type of spring may bring disastrous results. This post
introduces you to some of the popular types of springs used in various industries.
CHAPTER 2: DESCRIPTION OF THE ASSIGNMENT
Definition of Spring
A spring is a flexible, elastic device used to store mechanical energy. When a
force is applied to a spring, it expands or contracts to a certain extent, and when
the force is released, the spring attempts to return to its earlier state
Leaf spring:
A leaf spring is a component of some vehicles’ suspension systems. Specifically, a leaf spring
is composed of several (or occasionally just one) thin strips of metal, called leaves, arranged
on top of each other to form a single curved piece. The bending of the leaves and the friction
between them as they slide slightly over each other while bending, absorbs the vehicle’s
weight as well as any bumps. Most leaf springs are curved (these are often called elliptical
springs); the curvature helps the spring absorb impact.
Figure 1

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Torsional spring
Torsion springs are curved Bending springs and are a type of Elastic element. They are
essentially shaped like a coiled strip of metal with its ends bent to form a kind of handle and
are similar to cylindrical helical springs. Unlike such springs, however, restoring moments
are generated about the axis of Rotation in torsion springs.
Figure 2
Helical spring
A coil spring, also known as a helical spring, is a mechanical device which is typically used
to store energy and subsequently release it, to absorb shock, or to maintain a force between
contacting surfaces. They are made of an elastic material formed into the shape of a helix
which returns to its natural length when unloaded. Here at Barber Spring we specialize in
large helical compression springs for use in: Actuators, Valves, Snow
Removal, Railroad, Locomotives, Freight car, Agriculture, Construction etc.
Figure 3

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Extension Spring: The extension spring stretches apart to create load. They often have
little loops on the ends to attach to things. You may find these on the screen door hinge,
garage door hinge, and bouncy decorations that hang from the ceiling. The Slinky(tm) is a
very weak extension spring.
Figure 4
Constant Force Spring 1:
Also called a "clock spring", because it is often found in clockworks. This spring is made of
a band of steel wrapped around itself a number of times to create a geometric spiral. The idea
is to create a rotational force that releases a constant amount of load, instead of a quick burst
of power. Besides clocks, they are found in all sorts of wind-up toys. Be careful when
removing these from a mechanism. They tend to unravel with a dynamic flair and much
excitement. They are great for things that need to rotate many times and still have a
reasonable amount of force to apply and release.
Figure 5

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Constant Force Spring 2:
This type of clock spring is used when more power is required. It has many fewer rotations
and a much thicker band of steel. They are used in automotive seat recliners (pictured here)
and other heavy duty applications. Remove from mechanism only when load is reduced to
zero or it may remove some fingers for you.
Figure 6
Belleville Spring :
Belleville springs are a coned disk spring typically containing a hole in the center for a non-
permanent fasteners (bolt et. al.). Bolt pretensioning is a typical use for a Belleville washer.
Belleville springs can be nested (making springs in parallel) making more spring deflection
for the same amount of load OR allowing higher loads with the same deflection - depending
on their orientation. While useful, nesting Belleville springs can be unstable. With proper
design (selection), Belleville springs can be used for a "snap-acting" mechanism. Likewise,
with proper design/selection, the spring can have constant force over a large deflection. This
type of design maintains bolt pretension when a dynamic load is present or in situation where
thermal expansion/contraction is significant.
Figure 7

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What are the Different Types of Industrial Springs Known by
Their Shape?
A spring derives its shape from the coil on its ends. Following are some of the major types of
springs identified by their coil shape.
 Helical Springs: Also known as coil springs, these springs receive their name from
coiled ends. These springs store energy, and can easily resist the pulling forces
between two objects. The helical springs are fitted in railway bogies for their shock
absorbance qualities. The coil springs also find regular employing in various complex
industrial applications due to their shock absorbance qualities.
 Tapered springs: These springs are also known as cone shaped springs or conical
springs. The coils of these springs are distinguished by tapered ends forming a conical
shape. The tapered springs are used in applications such as electrical contacts, or push
buttons.
 Disc Springs: The disc springs are basically conically formed discs, which are loaded
in axial direction. These springs are used as single disc or stacked with multiple discs
depending on the requirement. These springs are considered ideal for industrial
applications that demand high amount of force with a small deflection.
 Clock Springs: These springs are also known as power springs, and are distinguished
by their helical wounded shape. The springs are designed to expand naturally. This
expansion produces a small circular movement, which is also called torque. Once
when the spiral shape runs out, the clock spring comes back to its clock shape. These
springs consist of a flat coil strip, which are tightly wound around each other forming
a snail shape. The clock springs are used when several torsion spring turns are needed
in an application.
 Flat Springs: These springs receive their name from their flat shape with a high
width-to-thickness ratio. These springs can be availed in various specifications
depending on application requirements. Cantilever springs, leaf springs, and other
varieties are the most popular variants in this category. These springs are largely used
in the automotive industry.
 Wave Springs: These springs are distinguishable due to their compact wave sized
designs. Generally, wave springs are used for compact sized applications. The wave

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springs are replacing coil springs in many industrial applications. The wave springs
are also suited for applications where low mounting dimensions are required.
 Hourglass Springs: These springs have smaller diameter at the center and are wider
at edges, resembling an hourglass. These springs are known as concave springs and
are ideal for high load applications.
There are many other springs distinguished on the basis of shapes. In the next blog, we will
discuss springs based on their load force.
CHAPTER 3: CONCLUSION & REFERENCE
CONCLUSION:
Springs produce a large deflection and used for a number of applications. Most springs are
made of steel. Stress and deflection in coil springs was derived. Springs can be connected in
series and parallel. There are a number of other spring configurations used in engineering.
REFERENCE:
http://www.instructables.com/id/Types-of--Mechanical-Springs/
https://www.fictiv.com/hwg/design/types-of-springs-and-their-applications-an-overview
http://www.stmarysspring.com/blog/different-types-of-industrial-springs/
https://www.slideshare.net/hussain741/hussain-40869084?next_slideshow=1
http://fs-server.uni-mb.si/si/inst/iko/lsek/obvestila/spring_seminar_presentation.pdf
http://www.machinedesign.com/springs/designing-wave-springs-application-infographic