Perneb Museum

Perneb Museum
Metropolitan Museum of Art, I've observed many interesting paintings, sculptures, and artifacts. The exhibits I chose to write about was the tomb
of Perneb because it is the only thing I remember the most when I know that I have to focus on Mesopotamia or Egypt. Mastaba Tomb of Perneb
was original came from the period of Old Kingdom, Egypt that located in the Egyptian necropolis at Saqqara. It was discovered in 1907, purchased
from the Egyptian government in 1913 and given to the Metropolitan Museum of Art by Edward S. Harkness. Perneb was a court official in the royal
household who had a role in the robing and crowning of the king; his tomb was attached to the larger tomb of the vizier Shepsesre, who may have been
Perneb's father. When... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is a sacred place dedicated to the belief in life after death. The afterlife was a main focus of Egyptian Civilization and ruled every aspect of the
society. This is reflected in their architecture and manpower involved in the building of their tombs. Ancient Egyptians believed the soul could live
only if the body was preserved from corruption and depredation as well as fed. This aspect was emphasized in Perneb's tomb by two small obelisks
(now missing) at the western corners of the courtyard. They evoked the presence of the sun god Re who, especially in Perneb's time, was venerated as
the ultimate source of life in grandiose solar temples built around huge obelisks. Most importantly, the interior rooms of the mastaba were places for
the performance of life–renewing rituals. Eternalized in the wall decorations, these rituals and the offerings that accompanied them provided the
deceased with everlasting sustenance. The statues in the serdab represented the tomb owner as a living person who could receive the potent life forces
activated through the chants and incense burning that took place in the south offering
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

What Is Akhenaten's Scribe Under Tutankhamun
Haremhab was a general and scribe under Tutankhamun. His service continued under Ay and he eventually took his throne. The statue was made
before Haremhab was made pharaoh. The depiction of him as a scribe is a display of literacy and intelligence. He sits standing tall. He is however,
relaxed with his gaze directed down a bit. Across his knees is a papyrus scroll. It is said that on this scroll he has made a psalm to honor the god
Thoth (representative of scribes like himself). His face is unmarred by time. Similar features can also be witnessed on most statues of his original
pharaoh Tutankhamen. His body however is not idealized as Tutankhamen's surely would have been. He has a large stomach and chest. Despite this
there is a cannon of proportionality ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He continued to serve during the reign of Aya and eventually succeeded Aya as king. "Haremhab [aka Horemhab], a great general and a powerful
official under Kings Tutankhamun and Ay, is bending over a papyrus scroll on which he has written a hymn to the god Thoth, patron of

Egyptian Pyramids Research Paper
The civilization of Ancient Egypt was one of the earliest in world history. It is usually held to have begun around 2650 B.C. There are about eighty
pyramids in Egypt from ancient Egypt to this day. The three largest and well preserved of them were all built for the pharaoh Khufu. "The first
Egyptian pyramid is believed to be the Pyramid of Djoser, it was built in Saqqara around 4650 years ago (2640 BC)." But otherwise most Ancient
Egyptian pyramids were built as tombs for Pharaohs and their families. "There are around 130 pyramids which have been discovered in ancient Egypt."
A pharaoh was believed to be a god on earth and believed that he had the most power. He was the top class in every pyramid, he was responsible for
making the laws for the Egyptians. "When the pharaoh died the ancient Egyptians believed that he became Osiris the king of death." Every pyramid
had people living inside them, or they were used to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The pharaohs were buried in pyramids of many different shapes and sizes. "The pyramid had sloping sides so that the dead pharaoh could
symbolically climb to the sky and live forever."
"Egyptian Society was structured just like a pyramid." At the top of the pyramid was a God or known as the Pharaoh who was believed that controlled
the universe. The population of ancient Egypt was divided into different categories of the pyramid. This makes the lives of many Egyptians different
that lived in the pyramids.The mystery of ancient Egypt has captured the imagination of historians and people for thousands of years. The biggest
mystery in ancient Egypt is who built the pyramids? "Built about 4500 years

Were Ancient Egyptians Really Alone Essay
Ancient egyptian aliens, the whole subject seems pretty far fetched but is it really as out–there as we think it is? Archaeologists find evidence regularly
at famous egyptian landmarks of extraterrestrial presence. So much infact that it has lead scientists to wonder, were the ancient egyptians really alone
in the desert? What put the egyptians so far ahead of the the rest of the world, with their structures and technology? Recent discoveries are showing
that they not only had control of advanced medicine, but they also had a sophisticated social structure. Many places around the world have been
shown with this advancement, a more popular example would be Atlantis. With their advanced and highly valued metals, Atlantis was a hotspot for
cultural mixing. So if all of this happened and yet we still don't have any clear cut proof. Except for the pyramids. The pyramids have proven to be a
treasure trove of ancient technology and knowledge.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Around and inside the pyramids were inventions well surpassing the capabilities of an ancient civilization. What remains are blueprints for a device
much like a modern day lightbulb, a building that could heal people with sound, blocks cut with such precision modern day inventions would have a
hard time cutting with such accuracy, and even more. Now the question raised is, "How is all of this possible?" Well considering that the pyramids are
position in such a pattern only viewed as a whole from space, scientists believe that it extraterrestrials who had a hand in sculpting these major feats in
human

Essay about Egyptian Pyramids Architecture
CONTENTS:
– INTRODUCTION
– BACKGROUND OF ANCIENT EGYPT & PYRAMIDS
– THE STEP PYRAMID of Pharaoh Djoser
– THE GREAT PYRAMID of Pharaoh Khufu
– CONCLUSION
– BIBLIOGRAPHY & FOOTNOTES
This essay focuses on two different types of pyramids; the Step pyramid which was the first pyramid and the Great pyramid, which was the largest
pyramid built in Egypt. The essay investigates the meaning of the selected forms for the Egyptian culture and explains their dialog with the cosmos.
The architecture of ancient Egypt is one of the most important civilizations in history, which developed of different structures and great architectural
monuments along the River Nile.
The Egypt pyramids were constructed for the pharaoh, as a tomb. Their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Then he achieved building the first pyramid by placing large series of stone on top of each other.
Arnold states, ''From the earliest 3rd dynasty step pyramids in Egypt that they were built with accreditation walls or layers''. [3] ''The accreditation
layers were sloped inside at an angle. It was probably done to provide structural durability. Each part of the pyramid between two steps is referred to as
a mastaba. Each accreditation wall or layer shaped one step of the step pyramid and defined the base of the next mastaba by reducing the height of the
wall layer by layer.'' [3]
Intended to hold his mummified body, Pharaoh Djoser's Step Pyramid at Saqqara began as a traditional, flat–roofed mastaba. But by the end of his
19–year reign, in 2611 B.C.E, it had risen to six stepped layers and stood 62 meters high. It was the largest building of its time. Extensive use of stone,
wood, reeds, or other materials made the tomb more durable than its mud–brick structure. The Step Pyramid complex was enclosed by a 10 meters wall
and included courtyards, temples, and chapels covering nearly 40 acres (16 hectares) the size of a large town in the third millennium B.C.
As in earlier mastaba tombs, the Step Pyramid's burial chambers were underground, hidden in a maze of tunnels. However the tomb was stolen, and
only left from the third king of Egypt's 3rd dynasty, Djoser is his mummified left foot.

The Step

Egyptian Pyramids In Ancient Egypt
One of the first examples of a pyramid built in ancient Egypt was the Pyramid of Djoser. It's the oldest of the 130 pyramids in Egypt. It is what
you would call a step pyramid. The Pyramid of Djoser was built around 4650 years ago or 2640 BC. The pyramid was built in Saqqara, which was
a part of the Old Kingdom's capital, Memphis. Pyramid of Djoser was made, like most pyramids, to hold the mummified remains of the area's
pharaoh, King Djoser. The bottom floor/layer of the pyramid was a square mastaba, in other words, an ancient Egyptian tomb. The other five layers
were the same kind of structure but gradually getting smaller each new level. The pyramid was designed by Imhotep, who was known by many as the
father of ancient Egyptian stone architecture. He made it 204 feet tall making the tallest structure of its time. The tomb with the pharaoh's remains was
made underneath the ground with a network of tunnels in attempts to stop any kind of robbery. The pyramid is made out of limestone. Its base is 109
m Г— 125 m (358 ft Г— 410 ft). The whole complex has walls about 10.5 feet high and made out of limestone along with everything inside the
walls. Right outside the walls, there is a trench that is 750 m long and 40 m wide. Its purpose is said to be so it was more difficult to get into the
complex. It also had a roofed colonnade, which just included many stone pillars with a roof. Historians say that the small chamber in between the
pillars may have included

Ancient Egypt Sport
Allie Smith
Mrs. Tucker
English 2
1 October 2017
Ancient Egyptian Sports
In early Egypt, they had lots of sports, from handball to fishing to rowing. The Egyptians got creative when it came to sports. Field hockey was a
popular activity where they would use palm tree branches and a papyrus to play. Rowing was also something very popular, people liked rowing to get
to exercise and compete. Rowing in ancient Egypt sports is no different than rowing today. Hunting was a fun sport for Egyptians, especially archery,
javelin, and fishing. Not all did these things to hunt, some just for fun and for competition. The Nile was a good source to fish from and became very
helpful. The fishing poles looked similar to ones today, just obviously not as fancy.

The Effects of Ancient Egyptian Burial Sites on the World...
Looking at the Ancient Egyptian culture, when Egypt was still young, but rapidly growing, the belief in the afterlife was common knowledge and was
unchallenged for many centuries. Due to the wealth that the king and queen displayed, the average citizen was not able to compare to them. The kings
were buried with a great deal of material wealth, which was intended to help them in their journey into the afterlife. The wealth was represented in a
variety of carvings and materials. From the most common cup to gold chariots, the material wealth leaves no doubt that the components are important
to the understanding of the Ancient Egyptian culture that is shown in the tombs of Khufu, Khafre, and Menakure. These kings built pyramids to hold
all of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cater Howard describes what he found in the entrance of the tomb that he discovered. Inside, there were chariots, benches, rugs, cups, plates, and
other items of value, but one of the most interesting pieces of Egyptian culture is their jewelry. The jewelry that Egyptians wore was ostentatious,
and it displayed the wealth that the individual person had obtained throughout their lifetime. There was one particular piece that was discovered in
the tomb of princess Sithathoriunet. It was a small hand mirror. The mirror has a think silver disk with a black obsidian handle that is in the shape of
an open papyrus plant. Hathor is portrayed on the handle, and her ears being that of a cow, representing her nurturing role. The mirror is double faced
and both sides are identical. The neck has four rings that are inlaid with stone, faience, and carnelian. The stem of the plant has granulation work on it
(Oakes and Gahlin 58). This is just a small example of the riches that were buried with the queens. The kings were also buried with jewelry, but it
differs from the queens, being more masculine then feminine. Egyptians believed in the philosophy that bountiful wealth buried with the dead would
give them higher respect than the poor in the afterlife. The kings themselves were buried with war–like materials, such as chariots, bows, arrows,
swords, lances, maces and other instruments as

How Did The New Kingdom Change Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was one of the earliest, longest–lasting and significant civilizations in world history. Egypt was located in the Nile River Valley.
Egyptian history divided into three separate periods, such as, the old kingdom, the middle Kingdom, and the new Kingdom. Each Kingdom has
different things that make it unique, and there are some facts and certain characteristics of life that they all shared. This paper will shows how each
kingdom civilized how it changed the Egyptians.
First is Old Kingdom. The Old Kingdom also called the Pyramid Age began about in 2686 B.C.E. and ended in 2180 B.C.E. The pharaohs, of this time
include the third through the sixth dynasty. In 3100 BC, the pharaoh Menes unified Upper and Lower Egypt into one strong. The characteristics of ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The New Kingdom of Egypt was also referred as the Egyptian Empire. New Kingdom lasted from 1550–1070 B.C.E., eighteen through twenty
dynasties. It was the best and golden era for Egypt because of the contribution and improvement that happened during that time period. It was a time
of the warrior pharaohs (Roehrig). New Kingdom includes several civilizations of pharaohs. During Pharaohs of this time period went on the
aggressive, attacking areas outside of Egypt. Another aspect of the New Kingdom was a change in the way that pharaohs in this period were buried.
Few other major characteristics and things that happened during that time was pleasing god with goods and money, building temples, royal
extravagance, building tombs instead pyramids, and great art scriptures. The Major achievement was gold mines that were used very significant way
by the Pharaohs. It formed the real power behind the throne. And the gold was also used to build magnificent temples and tombs for everyone. Women
played a big role during that era too. They were given the opportunity and rights that they deserved from long time. The Egyptian religion gave them a
central role in the divine order

How Did Egyptian Architecture Evolve Over Time?
Egypt's pyramids are seen as monumental structures that inspire us as humans. These magnificent tombs of the kings have survived the ravages of
time and still stand tall today, the sheer scale, accuracy and strength of these structures leave many modern day architects and historians in awe. There
was an immense amount of effort and resources invested into tomb building as the Egyptians believed that the soul could not live on in the afterlife if
the deceased's body was not preserved and freed from the corruption on Earth. This also arises the question of how the Egyptians managed to achieve
their success. How did Egyptian architecture evolve over time?
Before 3000 BCE, members of ancient Egypt's aristocracy were buried in mounds of sand known as mastabas. The very first method of this were
pits in the sand where the deceased was placed along with personal items. Due to the sand the body was preserved but not as well as
mummification. The primitive form of the pyramid were mastabas. Mastabas were meant to give protection from tomb robbers and wild animals.
Mastabas are bench like, rectangular structures with sloping sides and a flat roof. They were meant to represent the mass of the Earth, mastaba means
"bench" in the Arabic language. Mastabas were only meant for aristocrats and members and family of the monarchy. The first construction sites of
these buildings were on the west side of the Nile River, in a place called Saqqara. They were built there because that was a

The Great Pyramids: The Early Dynastic Period
Now I am able to satisfy the irked readers who are confused about the absence of Pyramids in my last description of Ancient Egypt. The first Pyramid
was built in around 2600B.C and was called the Step Pyramid at Saqqara, built for King Zoser, who was one of the kings of the third Dynasty. Not
long after that, during the fourth Dynasty, The Great Pyramids of Egypt were built at Dahshur and Giza. The third Dynasty to the sixth Dynasty is
called the Old Kingdom, and I am currently somewhere in the middle All the Pyramids are already built so I know that I am no longer in the Early
Dynastic period. The easiest way to tell the Early Dynastic Period and the Old Kingdom apart is the revolutionary change in architecture and the effects
that large

How Did Djoser Build A Tomb Structure In Early Dynastic...
Many changes were made to funerary architecture as the years progressed. In Early Dynastic period, the elite members of society would be buried
under a tomb structure called a mastaba. Inside the mastaba would be a sealed room for the ka statue of the departed. This room is called the serdab.
These funerary structures would often be arranged together into a necropolis and would be faced towards the direction of the setting sun. One of the
most impressive necropolises is Djoser's complex at Saqqara. The architect of this structure, Imhotep, originally planned it to be one story, but later
decided to expand and created a Step Pyramid. Royal families and government officials became wealthier in the Old Kingdom and this was evident in
their large

The Cryptic Secrets Of Egyptian Pyramids
The Cryptic Secrets of Egyptian Pyramids The pyramid–shaped masonry architectures are called Pyramids, and there are eighty of them known as
ancient Egyptian Pyramids. The Egyptian Pyramids are the products of a slavery country, but they are also the great accomplishments of ancient
people. Since the first discovery of the Egyptian Pyramids, many scientists have been dedicated in ancient Egypt study. After years of researching on
the earliest Egyptian Pyramid, Pyramid of Djoser, and the most famous Egyptian Pyramid, Pyramid of Khufu, Egyptologists have successfully solved
many mysteries of Egypt Pyramid in the aspects of architecture, geography, and math. They came up with a conclusion that Egyptian Pyramids are
symbols of the ruler's power. Influenced by the major studies, nowadays, people commonly acknowledge Egypt Pyramid as the "tomb of pharaohs".
However, more questions about its purposes, building methods, and symbolic meanings have been brought up in the last several years. The Egyptian
Pyramids are not simply historical architectures, and their mysteries have not been completely solved yet. Herodotus was an ancient historian. He was
born in Greece and lived in the fifth century BC. In about 450 B.C. he wrote in his historic documents that there were secret burial chambers beneath
the Great Pyramid at Giza (Orcutt). After the publication of his reports, more reasons that support the idea of "tomb of pharaohs" had appeared. The
Egyptologists who did ancient

How Did Ancient Egypt Used To Build The Type Of Stone...
Marwah Asad
INT 115 , Class #14091
Lesson 5 Writing Assignment
Egyptian Pyramid Construction
Thousands of years ago, the ancient Egyptians used different type of stone materials to build the Great Pyramids as it is known, Egypt is a very rich
country with stones that it was referred to as the "state of stone". It has a great amount of various limestone formation which the Egyptians used to call
the "white stone". Egypt is also rich with sandstone, but it was not really used that often during that era.
Most of these materials were not that rough. They used low grade limestone to build the pyramid core, and fine white limestone to employ for the
outer casing as well as to cover interior walls, also pink granite was more often used on inner walls. Basalt was one of the most common material used
for flooring, it is a volcanic stone formed because of a quick cooling of basaltic lava. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The stone was a poor–quality material, it was layered in regular, strong formations with half a meter thickness. It was grained with yellow to greenish
gray shading. The Egyptians used a thin layer of clay to separate the limestone layers from each other.
According to the history, most temples of Egypt, especially in the north area, incorporated a mound of earth to represent a symbol of the original site
of all life. The Egyptians started shaping such mounds as a small hill of earth or sand, but then these mounds eventually took the form of a small
pyramid carved from a single block of stone.
Therefore, it looks like the pyramid shape represented the idea of their belief that a new life, emerging from a mound of earth to be bathed in the light
and warmth of the

Conventions In Ancient Egyptian Art
Conventions in art adopt to portray things in different ways and these conventions adopted by ancient Egyptian artists. Around 3000 BCE, Egypt was
a consolidated state. Egypt was previously divided into two kingdoms, the Lower Egypt and The Upper Egypt. The powerful king of Upper kingdom
conquered the lower kingdom. In the Predynastic period, Egypt unifies and this period was from 5000 to 2950 BCE. After unification of Egypt under
one ruler, it ruled by the series of family dynasties and after that it characterized as "Dynasties". The ancient Egypt art was based on religious practices
and beliefs. The Egyptian built temples and tombs to please their gods because their kings revered as gods in human life.
Predynastic period was a time of social ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On the rise of New Kingdom, they start working on extensive buildings programs along the entire length of the Nile. Hatshepsut is responsible for
one of the most spectacular. Her imposing complex was designed for funeral rites commemorative ceremonies and is much larger and more
prominent than the tomb itself, reversing the scale relationship in the Old Kingdom pyramid complexes. At that time, the tomb "Thebes" was a most
famous religious center throughout the New Kingdom. The temple took the form of a house which was simple, flat roofed building and rectangular
proceeded by a courtyard and multiplied these elements. The gateway was massive "Pylon" with tapering walls and courtyard was surrounded by
columns and the temple itself was outer "Hypostyle hall". The rooms of temple became smaller, darker and more exclusive sanctuary where they
placed a image of their god. The Great Temple of "Amun" at "Karnak", Funerary Temple of Hatshepsut, and The Tomb of Ramose are the most
important architectures of the New

Summary Of A Weld By Albert Goldbarth
"A Yield" by Albert Goldbarth opens with a proposition that someone dies. It has no stanzas, and flows as a stream of consciousness until the end,
where a man washes cucumbers. Throughout the poem, there are a lot of allusions to many of the impressive feats humankind has achieved. This is
then contrasted with the end, where ordinary things are described as beautiful. The poem is very descriptive, and often uses metaphors to illustrate a
mental picture of what is going on. In terms of lineation, the lines don't rhyme, nor do they have any particular rhythm. "A Yield" by Albert Goldbarth is
a philosophical argument that states that big, seemingly important things are not good enough as a distraction from death, pain, and loss, while small,
insignificant ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In terms of lineation, the lines of "A Yield" end in an enjambment except between sections. In the last section, all the lines end in either a comma or
a period, breaking this pattern. Therefore, there are no clear patterns. There are different numbers of syllables in each line, and no regular rhythm.
This gives the poem an almost natural feeling, similar to prose. Because of the simplicity of the form, the poem has an ordinary beauty to it. This
visual orientation and the rest of the form provide further illustration of the main point of the poem. Through the form of the poem, Goldbarth is
illustrating that big, extravagant things are made out of smaller, simpler things. Just like Angkor Wat is made out of stones, this poem is made out of
lines and sentences. Angkor Wat, much like many of the other examples in the poem is a religious place. In general, religion is the worship of
something or someone better and more impressive than any person who has ever lived. Whether or not any of these deities are real is another question,
but it is implied in the poem that even religion is not enough to distract people from

The Old Kingdom Of Kemetic ( Egyptian ) History
The Old Kingdom in Kemetic (Egyptian) History
Student Name
Professor
Institute
October 13, 2016The Old Kingdom in Kemetic (Egyptian) History
Abstract
Egypt is a North African country. Civilization of Egypt is amongst the oldest known civilizations of the world. Term "Egypt" has a Greek origin
which means "House of the Spirit of Ptah". Ptah was the earliest God of this land. Egypt is also known as "Kemet" which means "Dark Land". This
name is given to Egypt because of the dark soil that exists along the banks of Nile River. "Misr" was the name which was given to it later. The
civilization of Ancient Egypt is divided into three periods based on the peaks of civilization. The first one of them was the Old Kingdom which is the
subject of this research study.
Introduction
The period of third millennium BC is known as the Old Kingdom in Kemetic. Egypt attained its first peak of civilization during this period. There are
three identifiable kingdom periods in Egypt. They are 'Old Kingdom', 'Middle Kingdom', and 'New Kingdom'. Each of these "kingdoms" represent a
high point of civilization along lower Nile Valley. Eighteenth century historians were the pioneers who used this term for the first time. According to
the Ancient Egyptians, the distinction between the early dynastic period and the Old Kingdom cannot be recognized. It is also because of the fact the
first two kings of the Old Kingdom were related the last dynastic kingdom. Ineb–Hedg was the Royal capital in

The Museum Of Fine Arts
Dear to whom it may concern in Museum of Fine Arts (MFA) Boston
I am writing to you to express my interest in the job opportunity "Terrace Research Associate in Egyptian Art" in the Department of Art of the Ancient
World, one of open staff positions in Museum of Fine Arts (MFA) Boston next Summer.
As an applicant for the job opportunity in Museum of Fine Arts (MFA) Boston, I would be interested in the division, the Arts ofAncient Egypt
collections I hold a Bachelor's degree in Egyptology from Cairo University in Egypt, where I studied in its prestigious Department of Archeology. In the
course of my four years of undergraduate education, I studied various subjects, including the history of ancient Egypt (prehistoric, pre–dynastic, and
dynastic periods), ancient Egyptian archeology, ancient Egyptian language, Coptic language, Hieratic scripts and texts, archaeological sites, museology
and excavation, religions thought in ancient Egypt, ancient Egyptian society, history and archeology during the Ptolemaic period, history and
civilization of ancient Greece as well as history and archeology of Egypt in Roman period.
My interest in art grew out of my passion for history, particularly the ancient history of Egypt, where I was born and raised. Already as a child I was
fascinated by museums and the vast amount of objects they contained and I avidly read the label information of each museum object. My academic
study of art, particularly Egyptian and ancient Near Eastern art, began

Djeseru Or Hatshepsut: Architectural Analysis
Djeser–Djeseru, or Hatshepsut's Temple, was designed by Senenmut, the royal architect. This temple was different from the ones from this same era,
mimicking the most traditional buildings. Most of the paintings in this building are known to be reliefs where Egyptians carved stories into stones
coloring them afterwards. Those ornaments are more for narrative and tale telling purpose, although it was also used for decorative purpose too.
When approaching Deir el Bahari, the visitor would see a huge pylon and the temple in the distance, though from far it wouldn't appear to be as huge
as it is. After passing the first pylon, the visitor would see the first courtyard filled with exotic plants and flowers, all imported from Punt. This first
courtyard

Ancient Era Vs Renaissance Era
Great discussion post this week! You have chosen some great artifacts from each era. All are great advanced designs for each era and truly fascinating
to look at as well. Between the Saqqara Bird, The Morgan Crusader Bible, and The Gutenberg Press you can see each era's culture through the artifacts
and how they do all differ. It is funny to notice though that the Ancient Era and theRenaissance Era artifacts that you have chosen are both made out
of wood. Even though these periods are during two different times, wood was still used and carved for both artifacts. This was something I just
thought when looking at the images you have provided. I also wanted to mention that the artifact you have chosen for the Ancient Era is similar to
what I have chosen as well. I chose the Shabti dolls, which is similar to the artifact you have chosen, although the Saqqara Bird's purpose is still not
really known. Anyway, there are many differences between all three artifacts. All three are beautifully crafted, but in three different and unique ways
for each era. The Saqqara Bird is smoothly crafted and rather simple where the Bible and printing press from the other two eras are more detailed and
elaborate. You can see the changes in time through the artifacts and the skills and culture through each. Theprinting press is a huge advancement and
just goes to show you the culture during this time period. The bird and the Bible also show the spirituality and faith and even religion of each era,
while the printing press does not. The manuscript that you have selected is also made and written by hand in this era and the printing press in the
next era shows how all that can now be done by machine. All three artifacts are created differently because of the changes in each time frame. You
can see how the artifacts advance and how the cultures have evolved as well and what was really important during each era. It seems like in the
ancient era the afterlife was a huge concern and belief for these people, while during the middle era it has more of a focus on religion and sharing that,
while in the Renaissance era it was more focused on advancements and production created from the printing press. Contemporary human creative
expression can

Ancient Egypt-The Great Pyramid Of Giza
Egypt has had a complex history. At the beginning of recorded history, Egypt was ruled by god–kings called pharaohs. Each one attempted to outdo his
predecessors in the scale and complexity of his tomb. This competition led to Egypt's most recognizable monuments: the pyramids. Pharaohs such as
Djoser, Snefru, and Khufu built ever bigger monuments to their own glory and to the gods they worshiped. What innovations were created in the path
to the largest pyramid – the Great pyramid of Giza, and what caused those innovations?
In the 1st dynasty, pharaohs built their tombs at Abydos, on the west bank of the Nile. According to Egyptian myth, the western desert was the land of
the dead, due to the fact that the sun set in the west and was reborn in the east. The pharaohs built mastabas, mounds of dirt and rock roughly shaped
like a brick. In the center of each structure, a shaft was dropped down for many feet. The bottom of that shaft was where ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
According to Ancient Egypt, "this was the first pyramid to be began as a true pyramid, although still employing inwardly–sloping masonry as found in
step pyramids. The latter feature has contributed to its being externally the best preserved of all pyramids." He built the pyramid's base at a 54–degree
inclination. At the same time, he began building the interior, consisting of a lower corbelled chamber with the passage to another corbelled chamber.
The pyramid had one unique feature only seen again in the middle kingdom. According to Guardian's Egypt, "The Bent Pyramid is the only known
pyramid from the Old Kingdom to have two separate entrances on two different faces." The second entrance is located high up on the western side of
the pyramid. However, once again, something went wrong. The pyramid seems to be too steep, as well as being built on unstable bedrock. Snefru's
engineers changed the angle in the upper section to an angle of 43 degrees, leading to its "bent"

Sphinx Of Giza Essay
A lot of people become amazed when they see how majestic the pyramids of Giza and the Sphinx are. Have people ever thought of how or why those
huge monuments were built? These structures, which had an important role in history, now become a great form of tourism for Egypt. There are a lot
of mysteries regarding the pyramids and the Sphinx, and many humans may not understand some of these things. Why is the peak of the Pyramid of
Giza not completed? Or why isn't Khufu's body in his burial chamber? Not all of those questions have a correct answer. The Great Sphinx and the
pyramids of Egypt have existed since thousands of years ago and were built by Ancient Egyptian Kings mostly to honor and symbolize themselves. Or
do others believe someone else built them and for another reason? The Great Sphinx of Giza, believed to be a national symbol of Egypt, was built to
honor and symbolize Egypt's King during those times. It was built in the Old Kingdom near Cairo in Egypt, during King Khafre's reign. The people
believe that the Sphinx's head contains their King's face, Khafre's. Still other theories suggest that King Khufu might have been the one to build the
Sphinx with his face on its head. This fierce–looking creature is really a combination of the head of a woman and a lion's body. ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
It was built with around two and a half million limestone blocks, being able to reach a weight of seventy tons. The pyramid was built northern to the
Giza Plateau, ten miles from Cairo. Khufu began the construction of the pyramid, which was meant to be his tomb. A lot of underground passages are
found inside, with the King's burial chamber found in the middle. Khufu's sarcophagus was supposed to be found in his tomb, but it was robbed a
long time ago. The pyramid was not finished since the peak is flat and not pointed. No one knows why, it remains a

Descriptive History Of Pyramids
The Pyramid of Djoser, or step pyramid, is an archeological stay in the Saqqara necropolis, Egypt, northwest of the city of Memphis. It was built amid
the 27th century BC for the burial of Pharaoh Djoser by his vizier, Imhotep. It is the central highlight of a endless funeral home complex in an gigantic
patio encompassed by ceremonial structures and beautification. This to begin with Egyptian pyramid comprised of six mastabas (of diminishing
measure) built on one another in what were clearly modifications and improvements of the unique arrange. It is seven levels tall and four–sided. The
pyramid initially stood 62 meters (203 ft) tall, with a base of 109 m Г— 125 m (358 ft Г— 410 ft) and was clad in cleaned white limestone. The step
pyramid (or proto–pyramid) is considered to be the most punctual large–scale cut stone development, in spite of the fact that the pyramids at Caral in
South America are modern and the adjacent walled in area known as Gisr el–mudir would appear to originate before the complex. The Red Pyramid,
moreover called the North Pyramid, is the biggest of the three major pyramids found at the Dahshur necropolis in Cairo, Egypt. Named for the
corroded ruddy tint of its ruddy limestone stones, it is too the third biggest Egyptian pyramid, after those of Khufu and Khafra at Giza. It is too
accepted to be Egypt's to begin with fruitful endeavor at building a "genuine" smooth–sided pyramid. Neighborhood inhabitants allude to the Ruddy
Pyramid as el–heram

Step Pyramid Research Paper
1. One of the pyramids that I will be comparing and contrasting is the step pyramid. I was dated 2630–2575 BCE. . It is located in Saqqara, Egypt. The
other pyramid is called Pyramid ("El Castillo"). It is dated from ninth to twelfth century. It is located in Yucatan, Mexico. 2. The step pyramid has a
six steps layered on top of each other and it is 204 feet tall. It is brown and made of bricks that seem to be turning into dust. There is a brick fence
surrounding the pyramid. It has rectangular shaped base. There are piles of rubble all over the place. It looks its starting to fall down and come apart. I
see the sed–festival complex. El Castillo looks gray. It has stairs on four sides. It has a little temple on top of the pyramid. It has ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The step pyramid of Djoser was made with brown bricks. It is an Egyptian pyramid. It has 6 layered steps decreasing in size as it goes up. It has no
stairs. It is very tall. It is breaking down a little bit. This pyramid is used as a tomb. It is surrounded but sand. El Castillo is grey and very much intact.
It has stairs on all sides. It is a Mayan pyramid. This pyramid was used like a temple to worship warriors. The temple is on top of the pyramid. This had
sculptures of snake heads at the end of the stairs. It is surrounded by grass and statues. It contains nine layered steps. 4. The pyramid of Djoser and
The pyramid of El Castillo are both stepped pyramid. Both of the pyramids step go from a huge platform and decrease in size as it goes up. They have
four sides. Their bases are four sided.
5. The stepped pyramid of Djoser forms a three–dimensional structure. The bottom platform is shaped as a rectangle. The texture of the pyramid
looks kind of rough. The color used is brown from the bricks giving it a plain appearance and makes me think of a desert. The outlines of the step
are geometric forming rectangle on top of each other and as it is going inwards. It has a flat roof structure as the sides slope diagonally. The steps
also give a horizontal line. The pyramid contains mass and volume as it reach's about 204 feet in height and it appears to be very wide at the

Art Critique
The first art work of Egypt I saw on the Google Cultural Institute website was the 'Relief sculpture of Metjetji and his son Sabu–pyah'. This sculpture
was found in the Tomb of Metjetji, Saqqara, Egypt. The sculpture can be divided into two parts: hieroglyphs on the right, and the graph on the left
which drew a man who was holding staff in each hand. He is looking right, shows us his profile of his face, knees and legs, while his eyes and chest are
frontal. His kilt and hair are precise with vertical and horizon lines. His necklace and bears are also detail. He has long hair and an elegant bracelet is
on his left hand. The sculpture tries to picture this man's body line. There is also a small man standing beside the big man's feet. His body is also
brown color, but he does not wear a kilt. They seem like watching the view of the city together on the summit. I also saw the Statue (ANKH) on the
website. It is a man sitting on a chair. His back is straight, right hand is cross in fist and puts it on his thigh while his left arm cross his body. His
pose shows a great power and confidence, so I guess he is a noble. His lip is thick but nose is small. I can identify his fingers and nails clearly. There
are also some hieroglyphs on his shoulder which claim the name of the man. Although this statue is not as precise as those ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Google takes advantage of its big information collected power as a giant company in the world, and the website gives me an opportunity to enjoy the
art works at home instead of going outside. On the one hand, I can access the relevant art projects easily when they are collected in different museums
in various countries; on the other hand, I can have a close observation due to the high quality pictures the website has. Building this data bank of art
allows people research the art works more

Ziggurats
In the city south of Mesopotamia known as Sumer, there were these large stepped structures called "ziggurats". Ziggurats were elevated buildings
raised on a flat plain with a temple or shrine mounted on top. This elevation was very helpful in keeping the shrines from flooding and protecting their
artifacts within. Ziggurats were the most extraordinary remains to come from the Sumerians. It is believed that the ziggurats were built on top of other
ruins and then the new ones would set up the foundation for the next one. Ziggurats were created to show the city's wealth, ruler and status. They were
also a place where the people could connect with their gods and praise them. They were known as "bridges between the earth and the heaven." An
example

The Great Pyramid Research Paper
At the time of the Old Kingdom, Egyptians would build pyramids as part of their civilization. These pyramids were structures used by the ancient
world for religious purposes, were tombs for the mummified bodies of pharaohs, and a symbol of royal power ("The Pyramids of Egypt" and
Spielvogel 23). Therefore, they were not built in isolation but as part of a larger complex dedicated to the dead (Spielvogel 22). With that being said,
over 130 pyramids have been discovered in Egypt ("Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Facts for Kids – Giza, Djoser, Saqqara, Tutankhamun"). With one of
them being the largest, oldest and most magnificent, the Great Pyramid, built under Snefru's son Khufu (Spielvogel 22). The Great Pyramid was built
in circa 2550 B.C. in Giza at 481 ft. high ("National Geographic: Egypt – Great Pyramid of Khufu at Giza"). The building of the Great Pyramid was an
enormous construction project that used about 2.3 million limestone blocks, each weighing on average 2.5 to 15 tons, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Great Pyramid was the centerpiece of an elaborate complex, which included several small pyramids, five boat pits, a mortuary temple, a
causeway, a raised road or path that goes across wet ground or water, a valley temple and many flat–roofed tombs for officials and some members of
the royal family ("National Geographic: Egypt – Great Pyramid of Khufu at Giza"). Also, it is located at the center of the land mass of the earth ("25
Facts about the Great Pyramid of Giza"). Another interesting fact is the Pyramid of Menkaure, the Pyramid of Khafre and the Great Pyramid of
Khufu are precisely aligned with the Constellation of Orion ("25 Facts about the Great Pyramid of Giza"). In conclusion, the Great Pyramid still
stands as a symbol of the power of Egyptian kings of Old Kingdom (Spielvogel

Seated Statue Of Nehy Analysis
The Seated Statue of Nehy is a white limestone Egyptian sculpture from the New Kingdom period dating back to 1250–1200 BCE with the
measurements of 51 15/16 x 17 3/4 x 34 9/16 inches. The sculpture's accession number is 22.106. It was discovered in the Memphite necropolis of
Saqqara and was acquired by Henry Walters in 1924 (Egyptian Art New Kingdom 92). The sculpture exhibits texture, large scale, and stylization,
which is common in Egyptian sculpture. It is typical of Egyptian sculpture to have an upright and stiff posture and that is exactly how Nehy is
portrayed. She is depicted like she would be in everyday life, but in an idealized and stylized manner; she has a round face, long curls, large eyes, a
small mouth, big eyebrows and big... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The carved inscriptions on Nehy's gown are a list of the offerings to the lords of the Necropolis. According to the Walters Art Museum website the
inscriptions translate to "bread, beer, oxen and fowl, wine, incense, libation–water and all good and pure things for the Ka of the Osiris, the Mistress of
the House, the Chantress of the Mistress of Heaven, She of the Southern Sycamore, Nehy, True of Voice." These offerings were to ensure that Nehy
would have a good place in the afterlife. The mentioning of the "Southern Sycamore" alludes to Hathor, which further confirms that Nehy was a
musician for the Goddess. Saying that Nehy has the "Ka of the Osiris" and describing her as "true of voice" shows that she is worthy of a fine afterlife
(Egyptian Art New Kingdom

The Seated Scribe, By Egypt Fourth Dynasty Essay
The Seated Scribe The seated scribe is a sculpture made in 2500 B.C.E in Saqqara, Egypt fourth dynasty. This piece of artwork can explain a lot
about the society it came from which makes it significant. In the following paragraphs I will address; what makes it unique? Who it was found by?
The impact this had on our understanding of the piece, and modern interpretations of Egyptian art. First here's a description: The seated scribe is
1'9" high and is made from limestone; it's typical of an Egyptian sculpture in that it's painted. He sits with perfect posture; cross legged, head facing
forward, hand ready to write although his brush is missing. His eyes are a complex structure (I will go into further detail in page 3 paragraph 2). He
wears a simple white cloth resembling what we might call a skirt. What makes the sculpture different from others of this time period are two things;
the subject matter, in that it depicts no god, nor Pharaoh only a mortal human writing in a mostly illiterate society. Secondly it demonstrates age shown
in sagging muscles and rotund belly. Due to this relaxed style we can gather that the subject is not a Pharaoh as it was dishonourable to insinuate that
they aged as they were supposed to be gods on earth. According to the Louvre website, (www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre–notices/seated–scribe) the sculpture
was found in Saqqara Egypt in 1850 by an archaeologist by the name of Auguste Mariette. The exact location of the Seated Scribe has remained a

Giza Informative Speech
Christopher Dodd
R. Lamkin
Humanities
24 September 2017
The Nile River Valley
ALL ABOARD! Welcome tourists!! Over the next few days we will be taking a boat and bus tour of the Nile River Valley stopping at 3 locations
along the way. During the tour, we will first stop in Heliopolis and learn about the Obelisk of Pharaoh Senusret, next we will be stopping in Giza to
see and experience The Pyramids of Giza and The Sphinx. Following our stop in Giza we will finish the tour in Saqqara, learning about and visiting
the oldest complete stone building complex known in history, The Step Pyramid.
STOP #1 Heliopolis
Obelisk of Pharaoh Senusret
As we begin our approach to our first stop, Heliopolis, lets review some facts about the Obelisk ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Even from a distance The Step Pyramid of King Djoser towers over the entire necropolis. This tomb is one of the "oldest monumental stone
contructions in the history of the world, and at the same time marks a very decisive stage in the development of the classical pyramid form."
(Traveling in Egypt, pg. 72) This pyramid was built in dimensions never seen before due to the fascination with stone. All the buildings that
surrounded the pyramid were intended to be used by the Pharaoh for all eternity. Wood, reeds, etc were reproduced in stone so that they would last
forever. The Step Pyramid has 6 steps but it was initially not intended to be so massive. Originally it was constructed with a simple single step
placed over an underground burial chamber with the idea that it would eventually be 4 steps. As you can see, the final product includes 6 steps and
is said to be the "ladder to the heavens by which the Pharaoh would climb to the realms of the Gods". (Traveling in Egypt, pg. 72) King Djoser's tomb
is a walled in chamber and will not be accessible.
Prior to entering the courtyard in front of the pyramid, be sure to look to your right. There you will see an open doorway that was also reproduced in
stone. Saqqara is the oldest cemetery of Egypt and the most elaborate.
This concludes our tour of the Nile River Valley. I hope you have enjoyed our stops in Heliopolis, Giza and Saqqara and that you have enjoyed seeing
the Obelisk, Sphinx,

Essay about Ur and Djoser
Ziggurat of Ur and Stepped Pyramid of Djoser: A Comparison Joseph Katz Art History 100–26 Dr. Karl F. Schuler
10/6/11
Title: Ziggurat of Ur
Period: Neo–Sumerian
Provenance: Ur, Iraq
Date: 2150 BC
The "Ziggurat of Ur" was built in 2150 BC by the Gutians. First, let's discuss what exactly a ziggurat is. A ziggurat is a superstructure built on top and
around a mountain. On the very top was a temple. Ziggurats were made out of only mud brick. One may ask, why use mud brick? Compared to other
materials such as limestone it is a terribly weak building material. The reason was because of the location of Ur. Ur did not have limestone anywhere
near it so mud brick was the practical choice. Viewed from the outside, the giant mud ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There were also tunnels leading to hundreds of rooms. This was not merely a tomb but also a place where King Djoser could live in the afterlife. The
pyramid was built in the middle of a necropolis, which literally means, "city of the dead" in Greek. Surrounding the necropolis is a limestone wall
to keep out everyone except a very select few. There were many other structures in the necropolis such as: Temples, courtyards, and pavilions.
However, most of the buildings were filled with rubble or sand and were just for show. The building of pyramids kept all of the people in the
surrounding cities busy and working. These kinds of structures were great for Egyptian economy. There are many similarities and differences between
the Ziggurat of Ur, and Stepped Pyramid of Djoser. Each level of the Stepped Pyramid bears a structural resemblance to the Ziggurat of Ur. While
the two structures may look slightly a like they're purposes are very different. Stepped Pyramid of Djoser is a tomb for the fallen King, and the
Ziggurat of Ur in a temple. The Pyramid was set in a necropolis with a big surrounding wall while the Ziggurat was built in the center of a city and
was very open and welcoming. Another big difference is the building materials. The Pyramid was built out of durable limestone while the Ziggurat
was built out of flimsy mud brick. The Ziggurat temple was washed away by years of sand abuse while the

First Step Pyramid Research Paper
This research paper is about the first step pyramid. This pyramid was built in the 27th century, so you can say it is pretty old. It is a central feature
that is in a huge courtyard surrounded by many memorial and ceremonial figures. It is one of the first pyramids built. The structure of the pyramid
isn't in the best of shape. It has many crack and loose rocks all over it. This pyramid used to be as high as 62 meters from the ground. The pyramid has
six steps and every one going up gets decreased in the size. It is square shaped. It is considered one of the largest first pyramids built. It is located in
Saqqara Egypt. Djoser was once a king of the third dynasty. He was the first r second king but no one is really quite sure about it. Many believed he
ruled for a long time somewhere around 19–20 years. The step pyramid was made for him. One of the reasons it is important is because it's structure.
It is made out of stone. Building this pyramid out of stone was such a more hader process when it could have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The pyramid began as a square and got bigger over time. It was built in two stages, they started off with the first four steps and then added the next
top two. Instead of the square base the mastaba is now a rectangular base. That made a major change in the structure of the pyramid. The six layers
of the pyramid lean in while going up. The men who built this pyramid worked hard and it was not an easy task nor did it take a quick time to
accomplish. The stone from this pyramid is very heavy. It is amazing to see something made from such a long time ago to still be seen today. Many
tourist visit the Step pyramid and maybe one day I will be able to visit it as well. I hope that through this research paper you have learned a lot and
that you have been filled with facts. Egyptian culture is something i find very interesting and i also find it good to have some type of background on
the world's

What Are The Importance Of Religion In Ancient Civilization
Throughout the history of civilization, religion has played a predominant role in shaping the identities of each civilization. Requiring the act of people
coming together in one place like never before in history, religion has brought divine or spiritual significance to many ancient civilizations by
providing a society a secular idea that they will follow based on what they believe in. Many historians focus on the tangible foundations of a civilization,
religion has aid in bringing these foundations by envisioning possibilities taking a societies' physical needs beyond explanation, such as the Great
Pyramids or Macchu Picchu. Ranging from the Andes into the barring plains of Mesopotamia, examining the religions of Mesopotamia, Egypt, and
Mesoamerica, specifically the Mayans, and how their views on the afterlife shaped their culture and development. The first complex society appeared
in fertile crescent between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers founded in 4000 B.C. by the Sumerian people, Mesopotamia was the birthplace of religion.
They believed in a polytheistic belief system focusing on anthropomorphic gods. Each city had its own patron diet with specific occupations that
managed different aspects of their hostile environment. To worship these deities, the society of Mesopotamia built large stepped platform structures
made from bricks called Ziggurats, that was to house the patron gods. As a result, as the Mesopotamia civilization developed so did the religion. Many

Seated Scribe
Created about four and half thousand years ago the "Seated Scribe" is one a well–conserved ancient polychrome. This art piece is a great example of a
sculpture and design. The "Seated Scribe" stands 1' 9" feet high and made around 2500 BCE in Saqqara, Egypt, during the fourth dynasty. This art
piece is a man at work scribing, although unusual in Egyptian statuary. The man is holding a papyrus scroll on his left and a what was thought to be a
brush is now missing from his right hand. He is wearing the same color skirt as the papyrus roll. All this is while sitting cross–legged on what appears
to be a flat surface. The "Seated Scribe" is remarkable on how well it kept its aesthetic look, the shape and posture of the sculpture especially when it is
not like other statues during its time. The..... The "Seated Scribe" both presents a question and admiration to the viewer. The scribe is has a straight
upright posture while sitting down looking very natural and human–like unlike the other Egyptian figures like the Kings and Queens. His 3–Dimension
form is created by smooth edges all around his body, no sharp edges are really present except for the acute lips. The middle–aged man is crosslegged,
and at work scribing. By doing this the author reveals that he is not of divine power or hierarchy but still.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He has round broad shoulders, low but almost defines chest. The heavy line between the midsection of his stomach denotes the access to an
abundance of food. By creating these proportional of each body part, it individualizes him. One thing that we can imply is his role in society created
by the formation of his hands and the detail to the papyrus scroll. While the brush that he would have been holding in his arm is missing, he implies
that he was able to read and write. Knowing that he from Saqqara Egpyt, Fourth Dynasty 2500 BCE, signifies just how he played a role in the royal

Research Paper On Imhotep
Imhotep There are many people who made accomplishments in their lives. While studying educational health, we learned about the father of medicine.
His name is Imhotep, and he is an Egyptian. Imhotep learned in his country medicine where it has valid sources of studying this type of science.
Eventually, he has become familiar among people in Egypt and successful physicist for long years there. According to Musso, Imhotep studiedmedicine
including a combination of an outstanding empirical knowledge, and magic explanations. He mastered the human anatomy, and they had exemplary
expertise in the art of applying bandages and the use of sutures (19).
As Highfield mentioned, Imhotep had expertise in not only the knowledge of medicine but he also

Cats in Ancient Egypt
When one imagines Ancient Egypt, the images of sand, mummies, and pyramids usually come to mind. Modern times portray cats as a lovable, furry
household animal. Did the thought of the two intertwining ever occur? By examining the goddess Bast, tombs where cat mummies reside, and the
process of mummifying cats, one can better understand the true significance of the gentle creature in the days of the Ancient Egyptian. Ancient
Egyptians worshipped gods and goddesses frequently. They seemed to posses one for any concept or thing imaginable. People think of Bast as one
of the most popular goddesses of her time and generally remember her as a cat goddess. She wore the head of a lion or wildcat in the beginning and
possessed the predatory... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Egyptians viewed statuettes as symbols of religion with great importance and history. Tombs of Egyptians and cat cemeteries along the Nile
River held many cat mummies. Thebes housed many important cat tombs. In mountains to the west of the Nile River, the Theban tombs resided.
Thebes had 4 main burial cites that heavily depicted cats. The Bible referred to Thebes as the City of Amun, which showed that the city majorly
impacted the people. Over the course of history, the first cat name to ever appear occurred in an 11th dynasty tomb. At the feet of a statue of the
King of Hana, a title of Babylonia, overbearingly sat a cat with the name of Bouhaki. The name means something similar to divine healer of the home.
The 18th dynasty emerged as one of the first dynasties to show the tomb walls of the nobles to depict scenes from everyday life. Pharaohs' tomb walls
tend to focus more on religious scenes. As a result, historians understand more about the day–to–day activities of Ancient Egyptians through the nobles.
Because of the numerous representations of felines on the tomb walls, one can infer they played an essential role in an Egyptian's life. One specific
tomb wall painting proposes that cats hunted with humans, much like hound dogs, and humans kept them as pets. The loving function they assumed
could possibly attribute to how popular the Egyptians found Bast. Archaeologists

Mesopotamian Civilizations
By looking in the past, us humans can learn about how we evolved as a species over time. Two of the most studied civilizations are the Egyptian and
Mesopotamian civilizations. Even though each civilization arose in different locations and time periods, both river system civilizations are mainly
similar regarding religion, art, writing, and architectural styles; except for a few slight differences that are unique to each civilization. Both the
Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations were strongly reliant on religion, and this led both civilizations to believe in a polytheistic religion system.
The Egyptian and Mesopotamian populations believed in many gods, and associated their gods with the natural forces that existed around them. For
example, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, the Egyptians are most commonly known for their large architectural projects which required an enormous labor force. Some examples
include the Three Pyramids at Giza, where Khufu, Menkaure, and Khafre were buried, The Great Sphinx, and the Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara.
Likewise, the only Mesopotamian structure that can compare to the size of the pyramids is the ziggurat. Significance wise, both were built for
religious purposes, as the ziggurat is a place of worship and pyramids were built to immortalize the kings. Both the Egyptians and Mesopotamians
developed their own forms of writing, Hieroglyphics and Cuneiform, respectively. Hieroglyphics is the more complex of the two, consisting of
pictograms, phonograms, and determinatives, and symbols can hold a variety of meanings depending on the context of what is being written. When
looking at art forms, you can learn many things about societal order and hierarchy. For example, when looking at Egyptian monolithic statues, you can
see clear differences in social status just by structure and build of the piece. Kings and important officials had their statue carved out of stone
materials, like granite, while lesser figures were carved in wood. Kings often had perfect physique in their sculptures, while scribes often looked
lethargic and naturalistic. More important figures even had a

The Imhotep Pyramids In Ancient Egypt
The Imhotep who the Egyptians believed that he was the first to event the pyramids, was also recognized by his supreme lifetime of his
achievement through his history as the heroic initiator of their culture. A genius and also who they recommend as a god of wisdom, astronomy,
architecture, and medicine. Imhotep was a chancellor to king Djoser, the first great ruler of the third dynasty, and also a high priest of son god RE.
Imhotep was cognizant in the learning and beliefs of their religion. The step pyramid was built for the great king (Djoser) at Saqqara, located in the
Necropolis of the capital Memphis. It was built with limestone, and was in a rectangular area near by the girdle wall. The rectangular shape was over
545 miter... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It also believed that the king Djoser monument was store with provisions and furnishings that was ensemble in the chambers below the pyramid. The
mastaba was built into the mass of the southern enclosed wall with its long axis running from the west to the east, the tomb which was the chapel,
and has a paneled exterior wall was decorated by a crowned frieze cobras illustrate the first royal decorative and protective element in Egyptians
architecture. The entrance for the stepped pyramid was built with a great stone doors carved as though folded back against the walls of the corridor, it
open half into a vast court located between the south tomb and the pyramid with two B–shaped erections near each end. This indicate the king
movement of when he took possession of his kingdom at his coronation, and his repeated jubilee. The ceremony of the active performance of the
king Djoser include the sed festival, or jubilee create to rejuvenate the powers of the king after a reign of thirty years. The stepped pyramid was the
first pyramid to be built, and the religious symbolism shows that it was built for the king Djoser life after

Tourist Destinations in the Muslim World
KГ¶w Ata underground lake This Lake is located within the Bakharden KГ¶w Ata cave in the city of Bakharden. Bakharden is located 56 miles
east of the capital city Ashgabat. The lake is 200 feet deep underground and approximately 235 feet long. The lake is heated by thermal springs
which keep the water at 35В°C and allow for the lake to be used as a bath. The water contains numerous minerals and salts and is the home of the
largest colony of bats in the region. I selected this site because I love the Carlsbad Caverns here in the United States and I thought that it would be
interesting to visit a place that is popular with the local population. I have always been fascinated by the rock formations that form in old Caverns
and how you are able to just how old a place is by looking at the sedimentary layers present. While at the Cave I would like to tour all the different
parts that I am able as well as to swim in the lake. I think that this will impact my understanding and experience of the country because I will be
able to see what it is like to be a landlocked country that has very little access to large bodies of water. While the Caspian Sea is accessible to
Turkmenistan, the KГ¶w Ata Lake is preferred by the Capital's citizens due to its proximity. It will be a new perspective to have, especially coming
from a country where pools and water parks are abundant. http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/koew–ata–underground–lake Plateau of Dinosaurs The
Plateau is located within

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