2. ASSIGNMENT ON SPECIAL USE OF NYLON
Course name: Textile Raw Materials- II
Course code: TE-226
SUBMITED BY:
ID: 131-23-3297
131-23-3419
131-23-3432
131-23-3459
131-23-3505
Department: TE
Section: B(L2T2)
SUBMITED TO:
Engr. Fahmida Siddiqa
Lecturer
Department of Textile Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering
Daffodil International University.
Date of Submission: 05.06.2014.
3. Nylon
The History of Nylon
[LEFT] Photograph of a nylon tulle dress "glittering with brilliants" from a 1958
Christian Dior collection, circulated by DuPont's public relations department.
[RIGHT] A 35-foot-high leg display advertising nylon in Los Angeles, California.
The leg was modeled by movie star Marie Wilson, shown suspended from the crane.
4. The synthetic fiber nylon was invented at the E.I. duPont de Nemours
Company in Delaware, and nylon stockings became a big hit as soon as
they were released. After a public supply cut-off during World War II,
nylon stockings soared back in popularity more than ever. Nylon
remains an important material today, used in a multitude of products.
The invention of nylon at E.I. duPont de Nemours, Inc. in 1934 began the
explosion of completely synthetic materials that imitate natural materials
into the fabric market. Nylon was created entirely from petrochemicals,
unlike the previous artificial fabrics rayon and acetate, which were plant-based.
Wallace Hume Carothers generally receives recognition for the
invention, but another DuPont employee may have been the actual
inventor. Julian Hill worked for Carothers, and had spent much time
developing a process in which a long fiber with a silky texture could be
created of carbon polymers. Carothers, who probably was afflicted with a
severe bipolar condition, committed suicide in 1937, and the company
credited the invention of nylon to him. Carothers had previously created
neoprene, a synthetic rubber.
5. Property of Nylon:
Nylon is a generic designation for a family of synthetic polymers known
generically as aliphatic polyamides, first produced on February 28,
1935, by Wallace Carothers at DuPont’s research facility at the DuPont
Experimental Station. Nylon is one of the most commonly used
polymers. Key representatives are nylon-6,6; nylon-6; nylon-6,9;
nylon-6,10; nylon-6,12; nylon-11; nylon-12 and nylon-4,6
Density 1.15 g/cm3
Electrical conductivity(σ) 10−12 S/m
Thermal conductivity 0.25 W/(m·K)
Melting point 463–624 K
190–350 °C
374–663 °F
6. Chemistry of Nylon:
Nylons are
condensation
copolymers formed
by reacting equal parts
of a diamine and a dicarboxylic acid, so that amides are formed at
both ends of each monomer in a process analogous to
polypeptide biopolymers. Chemical elements included are carbon,
hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. The numerical suffix specifies the
numbers of carbons donated by the monomers; the diamine first
and the diacid second. The most common variant is nylon 6-6
which refers to the fact that the diamine (hexamethylene diamine,
IUPAC name: hexane-1,6-diamine) and the diacid (adipic acid,
IUPAC name: hexanedioic acid) each donate 6 carbons to the
polymer chain.
7. As with other regular copolymers like polyesters and
polyurethanes, the "repeating unit" consists of one of each
monomer, so that they alternate in the chain. Since each
monomer in this copolymer has the same reactive group on
both ends, the direction of the amide bond reverses between
each monomer, unlike natural polyamide proteins which have
overall directionality: C terminal → N terminal. In the
laboratory, nylon 6-6 can also be made using adipoy chloride
instead of adipic acid.
The general reaction is:
8. Various Use of Nylon:
Nylon Sheet:
Nylon was the first
engineering resin and
has been used in
applications ranging
from electronic, marine,
and automotive
industries to fibers used
to make carpet. Nylon
sheet has outstanding
wear resistance and
low frictional properties. Nylon Sheet
10. Many people hang banners for holidays and special occasions,
such as birthdays or anniversaries. Creating your own banners allows
you to customize them to your particular event and taste. When
making banners to hang outdoors, nylon fabric can be used to stand
up to the elements. Nylon fabrics come in a variety of colors,
maintain their shape and resist fading over time.
Nylon banners
12. Nylon tow straps
Nylon tow straps are lighter and more conveniently stored than the
towing chains they have replaced for most applications. Tow straps are
equipped with a steel hook on each end and should not be confused
with recovery or snatch straps that have looped ends instead of steel
hooks.
13. Men’s Nylon Briefcase
Multi-Pocket Nylon Cloth Handbag
Nylon Water Bottle Holder Nylon CD Case
14. Nylon Flag
Whether you are supporting your favorite sports team, drawing
attention to a political issue or just displaying your own personal
independence, making your own flag out of nylon is a fairly easy
process and is an inexpensive way to showcase your personal style.
Decorative nylon flags are very easy to customize, and they are more
durable and weather-resistant than cotton...and less expensive than
polyester.
15. Nylon Jacket
Nylon Full Finger Glove
Cycling Shoes Nylon fibreglass soles
Nylon Bicycle
16. Nylon Ropes:
Nylon ropes and cords are high strength and have
excellent UV and abrasion resistance. They are resistant to
mildew, motor fuels, oils, cleaning fluids and many other
chemicals. Do not float.
Nylon Rope
17. Nylon conveyor belt Rolex Nylon Strap
Nylon friendship bracelets 30mm army nylon belt buckle
18. Nylon in Medical:
This is a synthetic polyamide material, which can be used in the
form of:
• Monofilament
• Multifilament
• Braided
The main disadvantage is that a triple knot must be tied.
19. Nylon Brush:
Nylon filled industrial brushes are suitable for a range of applications
from aggressive scrubbing to dusting, in both dry and wet
environments. Brushes with Nylon fill offer the following
characteristics in most applications: excellent fatigue life, good
abrasion resistance, low to moderate absorption of water (3% to 9%)
leading to only a temporary reduction in stiffness, an excellent bend
recovery rate, resistance to most common solvents, and suitability
for use in weak acids.
Nylon Make up brush set
20. Nylon cleaning, polishing disc brushes Stiff Nylon Hair Brush with Handle
New type daily use toothbrush Nylon NAIL Art BRUSH
21. Nylon sheathed cable High Tensile Strength Nylon Plastic Cable Ties
Nylon Cable Covers
Nylon Hose
