engg chemistry

1. Vishnu Institute of Technology
Engineering Chemistry
Unit-I
Polymer Chemistry

2. Nylon (6,6): Nylon (6,6) is a synthetic polymer belonging to
polyamide family, with recurring amide groups. It can be obtained
by polymerisation of adipic acid and hexamethylene diamine under
high pressure and at high temperature.
Removing water drives the reaction towards polymerization
through the formation of amide bonds from acid and amine
functions. It can be extruded through a metal plate with fine holes
and drawn into filaments.

3. Properties& Applications:
1. Nylon 6, 6 possess
excellent abrasion resistance
and high melting point.
2. Nylon 6, 6 has high tensile
strength and exhibits only
half of shrinkage in steam.
3. It also provides a very
good resistance to photo
degradation.
4. Its chemical properties
does not allow it to be
affected by solvents such as
water, alcohol etc.
1. It is used in parachutes.
2. It is also used to make
swimwear.
3. It is suitable to be used in
airports, offices and other
places.
4. It is also used in airbags,
carpets, ropes, hoses etc.
5. Nylon fibers are used to
make socks, dresses and
filaments for tooth brushes,
strings for musical
instruments and polymer
framed weapons etc.

4. COMPOSITE MATERIALS
 Composite = Something made up of distinct parts(or
constituents).
 A materials system composed of suitably arranged mixture
or combination of two or more micro or macro constituents
with an interface separating them that differ in form and
chemical composition and are essentially insoluble in each
other.

5. What is Carbon Fiber ?
 Composed of carbon atoms bonded together to
form a long chain.
 A super strong material that's also extremely
lightweight.
 Five times stronger than steel , Two times stiffer ,
and about Two-Third times less in weight.

6. Carbon Fiber
 Thin strands of carbon- even thinner than human hair.
 Strands can be twisted together, like yarn- can be woven
together, like cloth extremely lightweight.

7. How is Carbon Fiber Made?
 Production from two sources -:
 Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
 Pitch
The raw material used to make carbon fiber is called the
precursor.

8. In General Carbon fiber are produced in
three processing stages:
 1. Stabilization
 2. Carbonization
 3. Graphitization

9. Properties
 Carbon fiber has very high tensile strength.
 It has low thermal expansion.
 It is a light weight material having low density.
 It is a good conductor of electricity.
 It can wear a high resistance.

10. ADVANTAGES
 It has long working life.
 It’s density is less than density of steel.
 It is insensitive to change in temperature.
 It’s properties is much better than any of the other metals.
 It’s compressive strength is greater than all the reinforcing
material.

11. DISADVANTAGE
 It is very costly.
 It is little bit harmful for the human body as it cause
some form of cancer of the lungs.

12. APPLICATIONS
 It is mostly used in the aerospace and aircraft industries.

13.  It is used in
making sports
equipment such
as light weight
badminton
rackets, golf stick
etc.
• Automotive
body is also
made up of
the carbon
fiber.

14.  Constructing up of wind mill blades.

15.  It is used for
building and
construction
material.
 Rechargeable
batteries and fuel
cell electrodes.
 Portable powers.
• It is also used in civil
engineering

16. Carbon Fiber Markets

17. Carbon Fiber Markets

18.  May 9th 2010, Former President Dr A.P.J Abdul Kalam on
Sunday inaugurated the country's first carbon fiber
manufacturing facility.
The Rs 250-crore set up will produce lightweight material for
use in defense, aerospace and infrastructure — under
technology transfer from the Council of Scientific and
Industrial Research's (CSIR) National Aerospace Laboratory
(NAL), which had developed the ultra-light material for the
Light Combat Aircraft.
First carbon fiber plant in
India