Industrialization In Nineteenth Century Europe

Industrialization in Nineteenth Century Europe
One of the most influential centuries during human history is the nineteenth century. During this
century the world, especially Europe, experienced radical change––change that revolutionized the
world, as everyone knew it to be. It was a century of war, of industrialization, of urbanization, and
of nationalism. The major development of the nineteenth century was the Industrial Revolution.
Every aspect of the nineteenth century is most likely directly influenced by the Industrial
Revolution, from normal everyday life of commoners to the rulers of countries and major powers of
Europe. The Industrial Revolution encompassed every area of nineteenth century Europe. Whether it
was the technological marvels of the day that influenced European ... Show more content on
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Along with this modern era came harsh realizations of few or no jobs, ruthless working
environments, unsanitary living conditions, polluted homes, unfair distribution of wealth, and false
hopes––these were very hard times. In Charles Dickens classic novel Hard Times, Dickens paints
for the reader a picture of urbanization in the nineteenth century, "Coketown lay shrouded in a haze
of its own, which appeared impervious to the sun's rays. You only knew the town was there because
you knew there could have been no such sulky blotch upon the prospect without a town. A blur of
soot and smoke, now confusedly tending this way, now that way, now aspiring to the vault of
Heaven, now murkily creeping along the earth, as the wind rose and fell, or changed its quarter: a
dense formless jumble, with sheets of cross light in it, that showed nothing but masses of
darkness—Coketown in the distance was suggestive of itself, though not a brick of it could be seen."
Dickens shows that the murky smoke stacked city is a place of depression and at the heart of it all is
industry.
As the Industrial Revolution began to grow, the conditions worsened. It seemed that the lower class
kept working harder and harder, while the aristocrats, business
6
owners, and middle class got richer and richer. Dickens points this out in his book Hard Times in a
conversation between an employer (Bounderby) and an employee (Stephen Blackpool), "Look how
we live, an' wheer we live, an' in
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The Outsiders In The Nineteenth Century
In this small world we live in, everyone is connected. Whether one knows it, or not, we all impact
each other in some way, shape, or form. Such was the case for the outsiders who impacted a wide
variety of civilizations on the European and Asian continent. More specifically, groups such as, the
Vikings, Mongols, and Ottomans, upon entering the vast western region affected the citizens
socially, politically, and economically. During the eighth century, Europeans became aware of
threats from the north. Vikings raided the countryside eventually invading areas such as Britain and
Ireland, Iceland, Greenland, and Normandy. As stated by Alcuin in a letter to Ethelred, King of
Northumbria, they left fear in their wake: Lo, it is nearly 350 years that we and our fathers have
inhabited this most lovely land, and never before has such terror appeared in Britain as we have now
suffered from a pagan race, nor was it thought that such an inroad from the sea ... Show more
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Similar to the Vikings and the Mongols, the Ottomans ravaged the countryside. However, unlike the
other outsiders, the Turks used a system to convert young men to the Islamic religion, and then
forced them to train, creating loyal soldiers. This system was called the devshirmeh system. The
Ottoman Decree also instituted schools. "Moreover, every community is authorized to establish
public schools of science, art, and industry. Only the method of instructions and the choice of
professors in schools of this class shall be under the control of a mixed council of public instruction,
the members of which shall be named by my sovereign command. . ." (Ottoman Decree). As a result
of these schools, culture flourished and there was an advancement in

Arranged Marriages In The Nineteenth Century
In the nineteenth century, the marriages were arranged by the parents. The parents would arrange the
marriages by wealth. The women and men do not have the chance to start the relationship as
friendship or girlfriend and boyfriend, so they are able to see if they love each other. Instead they go
straight into man and wife, they do not have the love for each other until later on in the relationship.
Once the women get married their wealth also belongs to the husband. If the women worked later in
the marriage, the earning she received will belong to her husband. The women do not have a say in
their marriage. The women do as their husband tells them. The husbands had the control over the
wives. The man had the power in everything the wife did

The Reformation Of The Nineteenth Century
The sixteenth century is a period that will be highly remembered by many. The Catholic Church was
coming under heavy fire for its need to reform. And the Reformation acted as a catalyst for change,
bringing an unforeseen end to the influence of the Roman Catholic Church. Stemming from the
Renaissance with the growth of individualism and the scholarly search of what constituted to the
original Christianity place the church under heavy scrutiny. The sixteenth century gave rise to a
medieval church in crisis; many reformers dismissed the claims of the pope as a supreme being over
kings had spiritual authority over Western Christendom. Most theologians argued about the growing
greed of the church and the lack of educated and spiritual clergy men. The reformation which is
undeniably the dramatic event of the sixteenth century started in Germany and swiftly spread
throughout Europe. The reformation began as a result the delinquency of the church to mend its
ways. As a result of the growing problems in the Church there was starting to be a new outlook of
what the desired Church of God should model. The reformation began because of one's man bold
and cunning way to fix the problems of the church. Upon his own introspection he was growing
dissatisfied with the actions of the church and had aimed to allow the church to see the problems
they were having. Martin Luther, a German Augustinian monk, penned the Ninety– Five theses. The
Ninety– Five theses explicitly expressed his

The War Of The Nineteenth Century
Tsar Alexander II was assassinated during the midst of a reformation movement in Russia toward
the end of the nineteenth century. At this time, the Russian lower class blamed Jews for their poor
living conditions. When Tsar Alexander III came into power he was paranoid of being a target of an
assassination. So he created a secret police to suppress civil and revolutionary outbreaks, and also
introduced anti–Semitic legislations to satisfy the enraged lower class. Government officials
managed to use Jews as scapegoats, often saying that Jews exploited the population, especially the
impoverished classes. This anti–Semitic movement led to unity in the lower class, and from this
unity, anti–Semitic nationalism increased in late nineteenth century Russia.
During the end of the eighteenth century, there were approximately two million Jews scattered
throughout Europe. But, by 1914, the number of Jews in Europe had grown to over nine million. In
the nineteenth century, Jewish communities could be found in England, France, the Netherlands,
Italy, and other Western European countries, but the central Jewish population was located in the
Russian Empire with about five million Jews. This large Jewish–Russian population was caused by
a large numbers of Jews emigrating from countries, like England, France, or Spain, which had
created an expulsion of Jews during medieval conflicts. These Jews migrated eastward and began to
inhabit Eastern Europe. Initially, Jews were welcome in Russian

Short Stories Of The Nineteenth Century
Short stories of the nineteenth century are synonymous with Guy de Maupassant who is a master of
irony, plot twists and satire. He is still considered to be one of the greatest short–story writers of all
time and a champion of the realist approach to writing. Maupassant was born in Normandy, near
Dieppe, on 5th August, 1850, to well–off parents who, however, didn't get along well and eventually
separated in 1863. The separation of his parents caused Maupassant to receive two very different
kinds of upbringings. His debauched father, Gustave de Maupassant, saw no trouble in engaging his
son in a similar life of titillation whereas his mother, Laure Le Poitevin, introduced him to English
and Italian literary classics. He received his early education from his mother and later at a Lyceum.
He began studying law in Paris at the age of nineteen which was cut short by the Franco–Prussian
war of 1870, when he enrolled in the army. After his discharge and a period of unrest, Maupassant
finally settled down with a stable job in Civil Service in Paris in 1872. The ennui of his work was
comforted by outdoor activities that include excursions in the countryside, canoe trips down the
Seine, and even by women, often prostitutes. The first stage symptoms of syphilis appeared in 1877
and it would eventually kill him within the next fifteen years. The elements of his upbringing, like
the countryside, people and traditions are often characterized in his storytelling. His stories, though

The Epidemic Of The Nineteenth Century
Introduction The cholera outbreak or the epidemic of the mid–nineteenth century was the start of
modern epidemiology. John Snow is considered the father of the modern epidemiology.
Epidemiology is defined as "the distribution and determinants of health and diseases, morbidity,
injuries, disability, and mortality in populations. Epidemiological studies are applied to the control
of health problems in populations." (Friis, Epidemiology 101, p. 3). During the mid–1800's, John
Snow revolutionized the epidemiological methods we are currently still using. John Snow believed
that cholera was transmitted by contaminated water and was able to demonstrate this by mapping
out the cases of cholera. Once he mapped out the cases he found that there was a cluster of cases
around the Broad Street pump. The pump was removed after Snow present his evidence and the
cases of cholera started to decline. This is truly remarkable for its time, linking the contaminate
water to increasing cases of cholera at the time and this was all done before the development of the
germ theory and the invention of the microscope. Shortly after the John Snow's discovery, London
started to in placed sewage systems. Sewage systems and treatment are responsible for providing
clean drinkable to people in developed countries. Some developing countries aren't fortunate enough
to have sewage systems and treatments plants making it hard for their citizens to have access to
clean drinkable water. Water is known to be

Women's Suffrage In The Nineteenth Century
Was there really a time in this country when women could not vote? Yes, yes there was. It would
seem inconceivable that the women who lived before the nineteenth century were confined to their
homes and had no freedom to choose the leaders they wanted simply because they could not vote.
Only adult males were able to vote, they had to own property to vote, but they were able to vote.
With educational changes and social reforms, women in the nineteenth century began to seek their
rights and equality with male counterparts. As these women began fighting for the same rights as
men, the United States saw a rise of the women's suffrage movement of 1840 to 1920. They had
made speeches, marched in parades, signed petitions, and argued over and over

Nineteenth-Century Oil Industry
In the nineteenth century, there was an emergence and massive upbringing of new developments, a
rise of business enterprise, and future successful entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs such as John D.
Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, and J. Pierpont Morgan all became three of the major leading icons
for business and economic growth. They helped establish global markets and vast resources that
became very dominant during that time period. These resources included oil, steel, and the increase
of investment firms that changed the economy, and helped promote agricultural and industrial power
after the Civil War. The Standard Oil Company was one of the first leading developments that
dominated the oil industry during the 1800s. John D. Rockefeller had organized

Hope in The Nineteenth Century in Europe
1.Hope During the Nineteenth Century in Europe it has been described as a time of hope and
rightfully so because of all the new ideas flowing around the continent. Ideas of a world without
monarchs and a government run by the people for the people. France showed it was possible and
other European countries attempted to follow along but what about the rest of the world. Maybe this
century was not filled with hope maybe something else. Possibly this century was filled with the
sense of European powerhouses trying to run the world. Let us go back to Europe in the Nineteenth
Century were ideas of democracy and no kings began to emerge and series of revolutions began. All
of this was a cause of the French Revolution that had just taken place at the end of the Eighteenth
Century and that event showed for one of the first times that a monarch could be over thrown and
the common people such as peasants could have a say in the government. Even though Napoleon
took control of the government in France after the revolution he still did not have the role as a king
and did not possess all the power that came with that role. So the French people still felt like it was
step in the right direction especially with new bills that protect a person's human rights. Here France
is without a king and a new government and for the first time certain rights given to a person so the
government could not control their every move. All the other European countries see this and it
sparks a wildfire of

Urbanization In The Late Nineteenth Century
Urbanization in the United States in the late nineteenth century resulted from a number of factors, in
particular the rise of commercial activity following the Civil War and the industrialization of the
period. During that post–bellum period, cities grew along with a rising population of those residing
in the cities. Although those two factors might, at first, appear to be the same, they are, in fact,
different. In one early study from immediately after the period (Jefferson, 1915), scholars observed
that American cities grew by about 15 million people in the two decades before 1900. Immigration
from other countries certainly featured significantly in that growth, but the industrial revolution also
played a significant role (Schultz, 2013,

Women During The Nineteenth Century
In the nineteenth century, society believed that women were physically weak, timid, and dependent
on their husbands. Many people viewed women as domestic workers caring for their husband and
children. Men had to go out and do physical labor all day to provide for their family. During the
1840 to the late 1860s, an era of westward expansion took place in the United States. Many families
wanted to go west because there were unclaimed land in Oregon. Many families packed their
belongings on a covered wagon and followed the dangerous routes and trails to the west. Despite the
dangerous journey, many families wanted to claim vast land and farm in the fertile lands to get rich.
Different women had very different life experiences during the period of Westward Expansion. In
the book "Covered Wagon Women Diaries and Letters From The Western Trails, 1840–1849", many
women wrote diaries reflecting their experiences that they had to face and give up on the journey to
Oregon. There were many obstacles facing their way such as terrains, Indian attacks, illness, and
weather. Women had a hard life during the westward expansion however, women's role during the
westward expansion was very important in developing the new territory.
During the nineteenth century, many families left their relatives and friends to go west to claim their
own land in Oregon. In the letter of Tabitha Brown: Letter I, a widow named Tabitha Brown writes
to her brother and sister of the horrible experience that she

European Imperialism In Nineteenth Century
Throughout the Nineteenth Century wealthy European countries engaged to take advantage of poor
African nations. This imperialism was seen as a duty to God and country. Often, there efforts to
colonize less civilised nations resulted in the destruction of families, government, and individuals in
the colonised nations. In White Man's Burden and Things Fall Apart Achebe and Kipling discuss
imperialism in different ways. White Europeans during the Nineteenth Century felt the need to
civilize, people and countries that they thought were uncivilised. Kipling once said, "To serve your
captives need" (Kipling, 4). Europeans felt a responsibility to spread their culture and increase their
fortunes by collinazation. White Europeans used religion to

Women In The Nineteenth Century
The beginning of the Nineteenth Century was very difficult for most people in Baltimore. If you
owned land, were white, and a male, then most likely you were well off with a job and had financial
stability in the household. Free African American women, white women, white males, enslaved
African American, and free African American males all faced similar, yet different obstacles. This
did not really allow any of these groups to prosper in this time of history, but some did prosper more
than others. Times were very tough for the people of Baltimore. Seth Rockman discusses in his
book, Scraping By, the many different groups of Baltimore citizens. He elaborates on what it was
like trying to make a living in New England and their triumphs to obtain ... Show more content on
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Women have been viewed as less skilled and weaker than men. This has and still does keep them
from getting ahead. Women back then and today are underpaid and are less likely to be hired for a
manual labor job if in competition with a male. Women had to deal with the stereotyping, the
discrimination, and the looking down upon from the male population. Most saw a white women as a
mother or a seamstress or a household keeper. Women were trying to move ahead in society and
really had no way to do so. In the early Nineteenth Century, white working women really had no
way of prospering and showing the male population what they are really worth. What it meant to be
a white women in this time period and social economic class represents how hard it was for them to
get ahead in Baltimore. They have had to deal with men and African American women competing
and winning over their possible job opportunities. They dealt with stereotyping and discrimination
through both gender and race and have continuously been underpaid. None of these groups had it
easy, but for the white working women it has not been easy in almost any possible

In the 1770 care shifted from being done in home by family and neighbors, to women coming out of
the home and onto the battlefront to care for wounded men. These women were usually the wives,
daughters, and mothers of the men fighting, because without them at home to provide for them the
women could not sustain their families. Since these women followed the soldier's camps through the
war they started being incorporated into the care of the wounded men, because the military felt that
women would show more compassion to the soldiers than other men would. In 1751 America's first
hospital opened in Philadelphia, but most people did not view hospitals as safe, and preferred to be
cared for at home still as they ailed, because at home they ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
He continued by expressing his belief that she "Continue, whenever occasion shall require
preforming similar acts equally meritorious and praiseworthy." (Savitt, 1981) Jensey went on to
open a hospital in Petersburg, Virginia where she was able to continue to serve the people in the
community. Her hospital became very well known in the Virginia area for the compassion for which
care was given to the people who were there as patients and their family members. Moving into
1830 we see the development of more hospitals in populated sections of the country like
Philadelphia and of the first nursing school in the United States. When the hospitals first opened
they were staffed with nurses who had no formal training, but learned the skills they knew through
caring for loved ones at home or soldiers during the war that had surrounded them for years. These
nurses like the nurses on the battlefront were paid little and worked very hard long hours. Linda
Richards was one of these nurses, her first nursing job was thankless with no training and many long
hours; it only lasted three months. Even though her experiences at Boston Hospital were horrible she
did not let it stop her, and in 1872, Linda Richards was the first woman out of five to enroll in the
inaugural class at the first nurse's training school in America. This school was run by Dr.

Imperialism In The Late Nineteenth-Century
In the late nineteenth–century the European nations, the United States, and Japan were now
intending to own considerable amounts of the world. This came about because of the demand of
industrial resources and business antagonism for new market inflamed competition for African and
Asian territory. In 1876 the British Government announced that they were an empire, after seizing
India. Many other governments at this time were following the British government. These event are
what started imperialism. By definition imperialism is, "a policy of extending a country's power and
influence through diplomacy or military force." With the growth of imperialism Nationalism also
grew. Gaining territory was considered a huge victory to the imperialist.

The Nineteenth Amendment
Mississippi, the focal point of national consideration and some feedback as of late after entry of
enactment that could let organizations and government authorities not to give administrations to
some same–sex couples. HB 1523 was signed into law on April 7, 2016 by Gov. Phil Bryant will
take effect on July 1, 2016. This law makes it able for allow public officials and private businesses
to refuse to offer services for gay marriages. "Gunn said he wrote the bill in response to the brief
jailing of Kentucky court clerk Kim Davis for refusing to issue marriage licenses to same–sex
couples after the Supreme Court ruled such marriages legal. The bill specifies clerks and staffers
must find someone in the office willing to sign the license, but ... Show more content on
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It is backward. It is moving us in reverse as a public. Rather than ensuring the privileges
surprisingly and killing segregation on the premise of personal character, it is doing the definite
inverse. " Mississippi lawmakers on Tuesday called for the repeal of a controversial new law that
allows businesses to refuse service to gay people based on religious objection. Ellen DeGeneres
called it "the definition of discrimination," while singer Bryan Adams canceled his upcoming show
in the state to show his opposition to the law." (Reilly, 2016). Misguided people are being driven by
the nose by tricky "Christian" pioneers and legislators who have a personal stake in the matter of
ensuring that their assemblies and their constituents remain profoundly and honestly perplexed of
the myth of the "gay person plan." Know this: If the LGBTQ people group has any sort of
motivation of all, it is achieving the same essential human rights that other people appreciates. That
is all. That is the plan. Try not to fall for some other clarification of it. Gay people are not after your
children. They are not attempting to change over you or change you. They are not worried with
being comprehended as much as they are worried with being dealt with like some other person has
the privilege to be dealt with. On the off chance that you trust that any gathering

Obesity In The Nineteenth Century
Obesity has been a subject of discussion and disgust since the time when women were objectified
into trophies. The pressure rising with the class and status. Even after the dawn of independence
broke on the female creed in the early nineteenth century the issue persists. The obese people
continue to raise eyebrows and hushed whispers even today as they walk down the streets, malls and
other public places. The modernization and feminist movements haven't been able to eradicate the
unasked sympathies, suggestions and abuse on the obese women. The most serious issue is that a
woman is not even allowed to choose for herself a yardstick that would label her skinny or fat.
Nothing new about not giving a choice but it makes the stigma all the more

Divorce In The Nineteenth Century
At the beginning of the nineteenth century, the American courts that dealt with divorce cases and
broken marriages realized that there weren't many supported nor significant laws related to the
support of the dependents involved. America as you know, took many english laws they thought
important and useful and applied them in the early eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. These laws
found that the father had only a non–enforceable moral duty to support his children. In fact, at one
time precedents actually forbid any third party from recovering the costs of support unless these
costs had been authorized prior, by a contract with the child's father. But these laws however, did
allow for a limited recovery of these costs in some circumstances.

Freedom In The Nineteenth-Century Essay
Throughout the nineteenth–century, following the shift to an industrialized market, there was a
desire to form utopian communities in order to create model societies in the new world. The
overarching viewpoint was freedom and improvement of the self, however, the difference is that the
idea of freedom from the nineteenth century is much different than that of freedom today. Reforms
were based on the idea that true freedom was an internal phenomenon based on self discipline and
control. Freedom in the nineteenth century, was the moral groundwork that provided the virtue of
self possession and control. In addition, that idea behind most of these reforms was religion which
formed the concept that freedom was not having the choice to sin so that one could be free of sin.
This lead to perfectionism, or the belief that individuals and society were capable of unlimited
improvement. This caused reformers to improve their communities, spurring temperance, education
reform, and abolition. PARAGRAPH ABOUT TEMPERANCE: Along the lines of – in an effort to
be free (freedom was not having the choice to sin so that one could be free of sin) the temperance
movement was started. It ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the nineteenth–century, there was a growth in compulsory, state funded education. These
"common schools" were an attempt to give poor students the moral character and body of
knowledge to compete with upper–class children. This attempt to liberate the lower–class and
perfect the social order is an example of how an attempt to bring freedom can actually harm others
considering that many parents opposed common schools because they didn't want their children
getting moral instruction from the government. Also, in southern states many were afraid of
education falling into the wrong hands like those of poor whites and

The Industrial Revolution Of The Late Nineteenth And Early...
The industrial revolution of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century served as the impetus to
the creation of new technologies that helped interconnect various parts of the world. In essence,
technology was crucial to the development of a globalized economy. With the development of a
global economy companies began to expand beyond national borders and cater to citizens around
the world by becoming multinational corporations. These now global companies have not only
expanded their markets, but also rely on labor and raw materials from all around the world. For
example, PepsiCo Inc. employs a global workforce to drive their business, Apple Inc. acquires their
component supplies from companies spanning the globe, and The Boeing Company uses a global
distribution system in order to market their products to airlines in various regions of the world.
PepsiCo Inc. was established in 1965 with the merger of Pepsi–Cola and Frito–Lay. Ever since, the
company has been expanding its line of products via acquiring other companies and creating new
brands. For example, PepsiCo introduced the Doritos brand of tortilla chips in 1966, which became
an instant hit. Furthermore, in 1998 PepsiCo acquired Tropicana Products. Over the past 50 years,
PepsiCo has entered over 200 countries such as Japan, Russia, and India even though domestic sales
in the United States were very strong. In 2015, the company employed around 110,000 people in the
United States and over 263,000 around the world

The Suffrage Of The Nineteenth Amendment
In the 1900's women did not have the same rights as men. They weren't allowed to do certain things
and are not considered equal. Once women started to protest this, the whole nation got involved and
there were some disagreements. The amendment was first proposed in 1878 to Congress but not
seriously considered. In the early 1900's a Representative proposed the Susan B. Anthony
Amendment to allow women the right to vote. After the amendment passed in the House of
Representatives, the Senate also passed the amendment. The vote then went to the states and it was
one shy state away from the two thirds requirement and it was all up to Tennessee to break the vote.
The decision was all up to Republican Harry T. Burn who was against the amendment but his mom
was the one to change his mind. With a change in Tennessee's vote the amendment officially passed
the nineteenth amendment on June 4, 1919. The whole question is who supported and who opposed
the passing of the nineteenth amendment? The people who obviously supported the nineteenth
amendment were the women across the nation. Some more than others but in some way all women
wanted to be treated equal. There were even some men who supported the amendment like
Frederick Douglass who was a former African–American slave. Even though it seems like a lot of
people want this amendment to pass and agree to equal rights, there were people who did oppose to
the passing of the amendment. Being mostly men, an even bigger group disagreed with

The Prohibition Of The Nineteenth Century
During the 1920s, United States had begun a 13 years' nationwide prohibition on alcohol. The
reason for such serious legislation was due to gambling, drug addiction and alcoholism problem
during the nineteenth century. However, the power of eighteenth amendment had exclude medical
and religious purposes alcohol. Therefore, the law created a loophole for home production and
medical alcohol.
Despite the fact that manufacture of wine, malt liquor and distillery had significantly decreased after
prohibition started in 1920; there were no significant change in alcohol sales and profits. In fact,
National Policy stated that the federal government had no authority prosecute small offenders who
possessed liquors. (Wheeler, 1927, p.1) Furthermore, many small individuals had started to bootleg
and sell illegal liquor throughout the country.
In Detroit, Michigan rumrunners or bootleggers had risen during the 1920 due to the National "dry"
period. During the first year of law enforcement, the number of drunkenness arrested were doubled.
(Hall, 2014, p.85) The crime rate had reflected the effectiveness of national prohibition instantly and
bootlegging had done serious impact to both economics and society.
After World War I, the United States had entered an age of optimism; Americans believed
everything will be fine. Hence prohibition was believed to be positive and effective under the
influence of media. For instance, Anti–Saloon League (ASL) was always a true believer of a dry
country

Changes In The Nineteenth Century
Over the course of the last century, we see ourselves looking and comparing all of the new changes
that have occurred. Some of the changes have been more significant than others but have affected us
greatly in some form. Many would say life today is a lot easier than it was in the nineteenth century.
Everything today is just a click away. Many of the changes that have occurred have been major
building blocks that have driven us to make life easier and more enjoyable. Three main components
that have significantly changed from the nineteenth century to the twenty first century are
agriculture, electronics, and traveling. Looking at our agriculture today from the past has had
numerous changes that have impacted us. "Over seven billion people live in the world and that
number is expected to grow to nine billion by the year 2050" (Animal Smart). "Today only two
percent of the population produces food like fruits, vegetables, meats, and dairy that everyone eats
and consumes" (Animal Smart). Technology has played ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We can get places by car, plane, boat, or trains. The most common way is by car which makes it
faster and easier to get around town. The models today have airbags and seatbelts to keep us safe.
They also are more fuel efficient which helps to save on gas. Planes are another big part in how we
get around from state to state or country to country. "By 2000, two million passengers plus millions
or packages and high priority cargo took off from America's airports every day" (America on the
Move). This number has only gotten bigger and will continue to sky rocket. "Today trains are used
in a variety of ways, from small city trams, subway electric trains, and distance trains that can reach
speeds of 300–500 kilometers per hour" (Train History). Trains are much more complex today than
they were in the past. This point help to demonstrate how life today is compared to life in the

Women's Role In The Nineteenth Century
In the nineteenth century, women's role in society are subjected to a set of rules so called the
"accomplished" woman. During this period, woman wanted to be an "accomplished" woman
because accomplished woman has a higher chance to find a husband. In addition, the middle and
upper class women are restricted from performing music in the public because doing so will
condemn the family's reputation. In the nineteenth century, the idea of "accomplished" woman and
social norms limited women's role in musical world ranging from instrument choices to the setting
of performance. In the nineteenth century, the idea of an accomplished woman is described with
very specific aspects. Through Pride and Prejudice, the author Jane Austen points out that an ...
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After Amy Beach got married, more restrictions are applied to her musical career due to her status as
a wife of an upper–class man. Marrying to a wealthy physician, her career as a professional pianist
is considered "inappropriate for a woman of her social standing, so she restricted her public
performances to one solo recital each year and occasional orchestral and chamber concerts, with the
proceeds donated to charity."3 As mention before, women should not be performing in public for
money because that is considered to be work, but by donating all the money from the concert to
charity, she is able to break the linkage between public concert and working. Doing so she breaks
the social expectation of women should not perform in public, but she only agreed upon one solo
recital every year. This shows that Amy Beach still cares about the social norm and takes it into
consideration when making decisions to avoid condemning her husband's reputation. Her action
reveals that she is trying to fulfill her role as a "accomplished" woman by putting her family in a
higher level of consideration. Furthermore, during her time, women were not supposed to compose
music and "women were considered incapable of composing in longer forms,"4 but Amy Beach
again breaks this tradition by composing large–scale works under her married name, Mrs. H.

Late Nineteenth Century
In the late 1800's, farmers believed that the railroad companies were strangling away their profits
and the government was in favor of big business thus justifying their feelings of discontent.". The
farmers had every right to be upset about their situation because the government saw a need for
reform which alludes to the fact that problems existed, the railroads had a monopoly on shipping
which raised costs and affected profit margins, the value of crops had deflated, and big business was
hostile towards farmers.
Documents A–H reveal some of the problems that many farmers in the late nineteenth century
(1880–1900) saw as threats to their way of life. Using the documents and your knowledge of the
period, (a) explain the reasons for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Crops such as cotton and wheat, once the sustenance of the agriculture industry, were selling at
prices so low that it was nearly impossible for farmers to make a profit off them. Furthermore,
improvement in transportation made it easier for foreign competition to gain the upper hand, making
it harder for American farmers to dispose of extra crops that had accumulated. To do this, many
railroads offered rebates and drawbacks to larger shippers who used their rails. As a result of the
agricultural depression, many farm groups, most notably the Populist Party, arose to fight what
farmers saw as the reasons for the decline in agriculture. The railroads regularly used rebates and
drawbacks to help win the business of large shippers, and made up this loss in profit by increasing
the cost to smaller shippers such as farmers. However, in many ways, the railroads hurt small
shippers and farmers. During the last twenty years of the nineteenth century, many farmers in the
United States saw monopolies and trusts, railroads, and money shortages and the loss in value of
silver as threats to their way of life, though in many cases their complaints were not valid. Finally,
years of drought in the Midwest and the downward spiral of business in the 1890's devastated many
of the nation's farmers. Thus, the farmers of the late nineteenth century had a valid complaint against
railroad shippers, for these farmers were hurt by the unfair practices

The Prohibition Of The Nineteenth Amendment
The prohibition movement was highly successful in achieving government recognition of the
eighteenth amendment yet failed to gain public support. The volstead act of 1919 allowed for the
implementation of the Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which established National
Prohibition of alcoholic beverages and defined intoxicating drinks as "those with an alcohol content
of 0.5 percent by volume of more. From This banned the manufacture, sale, transportation and
importation of alcoholic beverages. though neither the amendment nor the law specifically outlawed
the drinking of alcohol. As a result this had ramifications in regard to the personal consumption of
illicit substances. Though it was illegal to store alcohol in non ... Show more content on
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However not all the shooting incidents were justified and innocent and unarmed civilians were also
sometimes killed as they had been mistaken for bootleggers. Activists Jane Addams wrote in the
1929 issue of Survey Graphic that "What the prohibition situation needs, first of all, is
disarmaments.... The federal agents should be taught some other methods than those of a gunmen".
Enforcement efforts were also hampered as the government failed to allocate subsequent funding .
Consequently States put in little to no money in enforcement. Statistics show that in 1927, the forty
eight states combines spent about $548000 in combating alcohol trafficking. If enforcement
agencies were to make an impact on denting the illegal alcohol trade they would of needed more
funding. Not all agent's were faithful to the prohibition laws as ten days after prohibition had taken
place, two chicago police officers were charged with accepting bribes from a bootlegger. The
Prohibition Bureau records reveal that between 1920 and 1931, almost 9% of agents were dismissed
from corrupt practices. Though it's believed many more agents had been corrupted and never found
out. The Corruption also extended to powerful officials such as William McConnell who served as
Prohibition director for the state of Pennsylvania. in 1921 the U.S. attorney found over four million
dollars worth of slush funds used to bribe various prohibition agents. Another corrupt

The Invention Of The Nineteenth Century Essay
Student Name: Evans Ohene–Djan
Course: HIST 125 6980
Prof.: Francis, Keith
Two Innovation of the Nineteenth Century
When asked what the most important invention is, many questions comes to mind, and these
questions must be answered before responding to the initial question. Basically, anything that did
not exist previously, whether it is a mechanical device or graphics, literature, or music, is an
"invention". The eighteenth, nineteenth and the twentieth centuries were met with innumerable of
new inventions, technical breakthroughs, and innovations. Steam locomotive, diesel engine and the
internet were two of the technological innovations that revolutionized societies in the nineteenth and
twentieth century. Invented in England in 1814, Steam locomotive was one of the technological
inventions that revolutionized the world. The first full scale locomotive was constructed by Richard
Trevithick a British mechanical engineer in 1804 at the Penydarren Ironworks in Wales. Before then
in 1797, Trevithick had constructed high–pressure working models of both stationary and
locomotive engines which was a success. With four driving wheels, Steam locomotive had smooth
wheels operating on smooth metal rails, its success showed that enough traction could be
accomplished without using gear wheels and a cogged or toothed track. Trevithick locomotive
exhausted its steam into the stack of the engine's firebox; this provided a forced conscription for the
blast in the firebox and was used on

Romanticism Nineteenth Century Imperialism
The nineteenth century was a time of sudden change and disruption of politics and social changes
within modern Europe. Holding to traditional attitudes and values of the past gave way to new ideas
of equality and socialism which disputed the traditions of European society. Through important
political leaders and philosophers– liberalism, nationalism, and socialism created a time bomb
throughout Europe in the mid–1800s, resulting in massive revolutions. Within a century, class
struggles grew even more defined, which led to the revolutionary –ism such as Romanticism,
nationalism, socialism, utilitarianism, communism, Darwinism, social Darwinism, and imperialism.
All of these –ism's played an important role in Modern Europe, however, Imperialism had an
extraordinary effect on the nineteenth century European attitudes and aligned with majority of
Europe's socio–economic class.
The Enlightenment period was when philosophers valued logic, reason, and rationality. This type of
thinking dominated much of European politics, philosophy, and art during the mid seventeenth and
end of eighteenth century until poets such as William Blake, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor
Coleridge, Percy Bysshe Shelley and John Keats. These individuals were known as some of the
greatest poets during the Romanticism period. John Keats, wrote, "what the imagination seizes as
beauty must be truth––whether it existed before or not." Romanticism was inspired by a desire for
liberty, and these poets

Epidemics In The Nineteenth Century
Trends come and go, but some can stay buried in history. Especially the ones we have in the list. We
found the worst trends that ever caught on, and compiled them into a fun little adventure for you.
Don't try to start any of the up again, because they are by far the worst trends that were ever started.
Number Ten: Fish Swallowing. If you thought selfies were bad, imagine being coerced into
swallowing a live goldfish. In the 1930's, the trend of swallowing whole, live fish became such a fad
that it was even addressed by Time Magazine. This weird trend hit media hard, and lasted more than
thirty years. Though no one ever died from the dumb acts, almost all who partook got sick to their
stomach. Those poor fish!
Number Nine: The Polish Plait. In the nineteenth century, the "Polish Plait" was all the rage in
hairstyles. This odd hairdo combined oily, unwashed individual strands of hair and clumped them
together until they formed a firm pile. It was almost like a pillow ... Show more content on
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Although we know it today as devastating illness, the act of dying from tuberculosis was once
romanticized. Due to the illness's star appearance in paintings, written works, and more artistic
depictions, people in the nineteenth century often desired the onset of the deadly disease. It was said
to be "a beautiful death", regarding the time that it allowed its victims to come to terms with death
and settle their arrangements. Many young people enticed by this description sought it out, and the
number of fatalities from the disease jumped.Number Six: The Fire Challenge. More of a recent
trend, the fire challenge was onset by the soaring use of social media. Participants in this challenge
would attempt to set themselves on fire, seeking to find out who could withstand it the longest.
Catching the event on their phones, they would share the videos on social media with other
participants. Many injuries arose from the fire challenge, and we hope the fire has finally been put

The Division Of The Nineteenth Century
The Perpetuated Division in the Nineteenth Century
The nineteenth century was an era that a lot of memorable history events had happened. Race, place,
gender and class have been perpetuated in this century and have influenced the society from then.
White people were obviously living better than black people; big cities always offered more
opportunities and chances for people to find jobs; males were admittedly getting jobs easier and
having higher salaries than females at that time; people who were in the upper class were
undoubtedly enjoying more liberty and possessing more social properties than those were in lower
class. The Civil War is considered one of the most significant history events that happened in
American history. The government abolished the slavery law after the war, which emancipated
many black people from being slaves. Also, there were many women going outside and finding jobs
on their own. But under these circumstances, there were several events that still had impacts on
people at that time and divided people by race, place, gender and class. These included the events of
H.H.Holmes and the events of Margnet Garner, which illustrated how and why race, place, gender
and class were dividing people and perpetuated in the nineteenth century. Sometimes time can
decide and perpetuate a lot of things. Living in the nineteenth century, H.H.Holmes was a white man
who made a living in Chicago and worked both as a businessman and a doctor. He lived during the
gilded

The Pros And Cons Of The Nineteenth Amendment
Not everyone in the United States agreed with the Nineteenth Amendment being passed. Two
months after the Federal Government declared that the Amendment had been incorporated to the
Constitution in August of 1920, Oscar Lesser "sued to stop two women [Cecilia Street Waters and
Mary D. Randolph] to vote in Baltimore, Maryland. Lesser "believed the Maryland Constitution
limited the suffrage to men". He said that Maryland had refused to vote regarding the ratification of
the Nineteenth Amendment, and should not be subject to its application.. In 1922, Leser v. Garnett,
was argued before the United States Supreme Court. The plaintiffs of the case argued that the
Nineteenth Amendment was not passed constitutionally. They claimed there were "three principal
grounds" to their argument, which were: that the power to amend the Constitution did not cover this
amendment "because of its character"; that several states that had ratified the amendment despite the
fact that their state constitutions prohibited women from voting; and that, in particular, the
ratifications of the states of Tennessee and West Virginia were were invalid because they were
adopted without following the rules of legislative procedure in place in those states". In a unanimous
decision, the court ruled that the amendment was passed constitutionally. In their decision, the court
responded to each of the three arguments. Lesser's first argument claimed that if Amendment's are
added without the State's consent, it

Clothing In The Nineteenth Century
Throughout history clothes have a wide variety of meaning, and clothes can simply hint at one's
fashion sense, they also serve to be a reflection of their owner's social and political status. People
throughout the centuries have utilized garments to express their wealth, and or social and political
status. While flaunting wealth can be the product of an ostentatious home for Roman Senators or
commissioned portraits of royalty, clothes have also been a significant factor in this show of wealth.
Social/Political classes are also affected by clothing, people at the top of the classes showed off their
wealth through the clothes that they wore. The classes affected how people were treated as
well,therefore if one dressed lavishly they were treated ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The color of an outfit can be used to identify wealth, or it can become the face of a powerful empire,
it can represent fear as well. The color of one's clothing has come to represent many different things
in history,after explaining the importance the color of one's clothes the author explained "It came to
represent royalty, wealth, and power (Fashion Victims, para.2)". The British army had red uniforms,
their victories lead red to be seen as powerful. The author explains that the meaning of a certain
color will be different throughout the world: "but it is the color of bereavement in India and China
(Fashion Victims, para. 3)." Social/Political classes have throughout the history of civilization been
important as they indicate the lifestyle of the person. The way one dresses is also affected by the
social/political class that they are in, the people at the top of the classes would dress lavishly, while
the people at the bottom would wear anything that they could afford to wear. Oftentimes, the
wealthy would pass "laws that restricted their subjects' foods, materials and clothing" in order to
further separate themselves from the poor (Fashion Victims, para. 4). In this manner, attire created a
visual divide between the hierarchical ranks. The powerful also determined the manner in which
they were treated with the utmost respect, as were the wealthy, however the poor were treated as if
they did not matter at all. Therefore, clothes and one's social/political status became a major
indicator of the segregation in the lives of everyday

Protestantism In Nineteenth-Century America
Nineteenth century America contained a baffling cluster of Protestant factions and categories, with
distinctive teachings, practices, and hierarchical structures. However, by the 1830s these bodies had
a profound zealous accentuation in like manner. Protestantism has constantly contained a critical
outreaching strain, yet it was in the nineteenth century that a specific style of zeal turned into the
overwhelming type of otherworldly expression. What most importantly else portrayed this zeal was
its dynamism, the pervasive feeling of lobbyist vitality it discharged. As Charles Grandison Finney,
the main outreaching of mid–nineteenth century America, put it: "religion is the work of man, it is
something for man to do." This fervent activism included a critical doctrinal move far from the
predominately Calvinist introduction that had portrayed a lot of eighteenth–century American
Christianity.

Women both in Europe and America during the nineteenth century were living in a society that was
characterised by gender inequality (Wwnorton.com, 2015). In the early periods of the century,
women were expected to remain passive and subservient to the male counterparts. They were denied
many of the legal, social, or even political rights, which in the modern world we consider as a right
(Wwnorton.com, 2015). Thus, generally speaking women who belonged to the middle and upper
classes remained home; they were expected to care for their children and run the household. In
contrast, lower class women worked more frequently and so had other roles to play in society, which
was outside the home. However they were likely to be poorly paid servants ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The roles of women were undergoing significant change, and so therefore many of the writers
reflect this change in their writing, and so we see different explorations of the roles of women in
society.
Many of the writers in the nineteenth century explored the role that women played in society. The
historical changes that occurred in this period prompted much discussion and argument about the
nature and role women played in society. The reform bills of 1932 and 1867 stimulated the
discussion of women's political rights (Wwnorton.com, p. 418). These changes inevitably were
reflected in the works of many of the nineteenth century writers, as the industrial revolution
presented a challenge to the traditional perceptions of the female stereotype. Emily Bronte's 'Jane
Eyre' being a very prominent work of literature at the time, as she challenged stereotypes by creating
a female heroine that did not meet the social conventions of a woman living in the nineteenth
century. The female protagonist Jane 'articulates passionately the view that women are not different
from men, but need a field of action as much as their brothers' (Wwnorton.com, p. 420). Bronte
presents to her readers a character that challenges the notion that women depend on men, and so we
see Jane striving for independence. Bronte challenges the Victorian ideals as her character Jane finds
love on an equal basis, and not for financial security, which was an important feature in Victorian
society. This

Nineteenth Century Egypt
Nineteenth century Egypt held a pivotal stance in European politics and sparked high interest in the
Great European Powers. A dynasty of slave soldiers referred to as the Mamluks were of the earliest
rulers of Egypt. The French, Ottomans, and British all affirmed their intent on seizing the country's
bustling city capital of Cairo, with some conquests being more successful than others. France and
Britain stood as worthy leaders, but it was the basic political, social, and economical foundations
created by the Ottomans that most influenced nineteenth–century Egypt. Nevertheless, each of these
world powers played a significant role in modernizing Egypt and shaping the course of its history.
The Mamluks held control of large parts of Egypt in the early eighteenth century. However, they
were not a unified force. Several Mamluk families fought for control for over a decade, and the final
years of Mamluk rule were absolutely catastrophic for Egypt. The endless fighting alongside the
extremely high taxes destroyed Egypt's trade, which was one of the first triggers of the French
invasion. Napoleon Bonaparte intended on protecting French trade interests and also using Egypt to
weaken Britain's access to India. With pride and arrogance he believed that Egypt was to benefit
from the new developments and institutions made possible by the French, just as had happened in
their own revolution. He expected the Egyptian population, who was suffering under Mamluk rule,
to welcome them as

Urban Zones Of The Nineteenth Century
As American towns industrialized all through the nineteenth century, irresistible ailments developed
as a genuine danger. The presentation of new workers and the development of vast urban zones
permitted already confined sicknesses to spread rapidly and contaminate bigger populations.
Consider as industrialization occurred, towns developed into cities, and people relocated to them.
The expanded interest for shoddy lodging by urban vagrants prompted ineffectively assembled
homes that poorly accommodated individual cleanliness. Outside laborers in the nineteenth century
frequently lived in cramped dwellings that consistently lacked fundamental comforts, for example,
running water, ventilation, and toilets. These conditions were perfect for ... Show more content on
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It was amid this time numerous Britons, Germans, and those of Scandinavian descent the Atlantic
and arrived in America. These settlers were commonly English – speaking. Protestant or Jewish–
with the exception of the Irish Catholics–and could mix decently effectively into American culture.
"New" foreigners, did not converge into American society as effortlessly; rather, they confronted an
assortment of battles that will be talked about later on in the article.
For "old" Irish outsiders, America was a land of new opportunities. Particularly in country groups,
Irish migrants were, for the most part, welcomed and they found jobs easily. A book written in 1870s
by an Irish–Catholic minister empowered Irish movement by sharing the simplicity of getting land
and going in the United States:
1From Chicago and St. Louis to New York, it now takes under two days in time and not more than a
quarter century in cash; and from San Francisco, the outing is made in six or seven days, at an
average cost of around one hundred and fifty dollars. The induction is plain that the displaced person
of today has numerous favorable circumstances over his antecedent of a few years back. Yet, the
points of interest here implied are piddling when contrasted and the expanded offices of acquiring
great and shoddy area in each State and Domain of the Union.
German

Nineteenth Amendment Definitions
Pg. 141–151
Shortly after this act was approved, the Voting Rights of 1965 was passed and this eliminated all
barriers upon African Americans voting. o Suffrage– The legal right to vote; extended to African
Americans by the Fifteenth Amendment, to women by the Nineteenth Amendment, and to people
over the age of 18 by the Twenty–sixth Amendment. o In fact, some of these plans date back to the
Civil War but were not finally enforced until all these court cases and protests occurred. o Fifteenth
Amendment– The constitutional amendment adopted in 1870 to extend suffrage to African
American.
There were many means in which southern states attempted to prevent African Americans from
expressing this fundamental right: o Literacy Tests– Due ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Reed– The landmark case of 197 in which the Supreme Court for the first time upheld a claim of
gender discrimination.
 Again, got to love the fourteenth amendment. o Craig v. Boren– In this 1976 ruling, the Supreme
Court established the "intermediate scrutiny" standard for determining gender discrimination.
It is the work place in which women receive the most discrimination because they were always seen
as care takers of the husband, children, and house. o They are always paid less than men, they are
often described as worth less than men despite having the same qualifications, and even sexual
harassment. o There had to be a long fight to get the Pregnancy Discrimination Act passed in 1978
to ensure that having a baby was part of their benefits from work.
In the 1980's, sexual harassment was officially declared discriminatory towards women. o It was
stated that it would only be seen as violation if the workplace becomes "hostile or abusive". o This
issue has becoming much better over the years, but it is still investigated in many professions that
mainly males are encouraged to join even in today's society.
Discussion

The Reasons For Growth Of Rapid Population Between...
The Reasons for Growth of Rapid Population between Seventeenth and Nineteenth Century Britain
A wide variety of people living in the world have always been exposed at constant change and the
evolution in population has always been a concern and issue by regimes and countries through out
time, especially if it occurred within such short period of time. British economy and Europe
underwent their greatest population transformation between the late 17th and the late 19th century.
Especially, the growth of the English population in the eighteenth century has long interested
economic historians and it subsequently provoked Thomas Malthus to debate about the relationship
between population change and economics growth. Nonetheless, the structure ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Despite these difficulties, the Cambridge Group's leading members, Tony Wrigley and Roger
Schofield have discerned a rise in the rate of English population increase in the second half of the
eighteenth century and have emphasized fertility is the key mechanisms of population growth.
The major reason for the growth of population in eighteenth century England can be accredited to a
fall in mortality, which was particularly marked during the first half of the eighteenth century. The
fall affected all socioeconomic groups and does not appear to have occurred for primarily economic
reasons. In addition to an explanation involving the introduction of smallpox inoculation, the major
hypothesis considered by Peter Razzell was that the significant improvement in domestic hygiene
associated with the rebuilding of housing in brick and tile brought about a major reduction in
mortality in the first half of the century.
Revolutions are generally linked with upheaval in society, transforming a nation and its people.
British agricultural revolution was the unprecedented increase in agricultural production in England
due to increases in labour and land productivity that took place between 1750 and 1850. The
Agricultural Revolution saw the invention of the reaper, which saved many back–breaking hors of
labour in the fields and eliminated the fallow land from farming. Agricultural revolution allowed the
agricultural output

Industrialization In Nineteenth Century Europe

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